5-HT1A, but not 5-HT2 and 5-HT7, receptors in the nucleus raphe magnus modulate hypoxia-induced hyperpnoea

Aim: In the present study, we assessed the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors (5-HT1A, 5-HT2 and 5-HT7) in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) on the ventilatory and thermoregulatory responses to hypoxia. Methods: To this end, pulmonary ventilation (V-E) and body temperature (T-b) of male Wistar rats were measured in conscious rats, before and after a 0.1 mu L microinjection of WAY-100635 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist, 3 mu g 0.1 mu L-1, 56 mM), ketanserin (5-HT2 receptor antagonist, 2 mu g 0.1 mu L-1, 36 mM) and SB269970 (5-HT7 receptor antagonist, 4 mu g 0.1 mu L-1, 103 mM) into the NRM, followed by 60 min of severe hypoxia exposure (7% O-2). Results: Intra-NMR microinjection of vehicle (control rats) or 5-HT antagonists did not affect V-E or T-b during normoxic conditions. Exposure of rats to 7% O-2 evoked a typical hypoxia-induced anapyrexia after vehicle microinjections, which was not affected by microinjection of WAY-100635, SB269970 or ketanserin. The hypoxia-induced hyperpnoea was not affected by SB269970 and ketanserin intra-NMR. However, the treatment with WAY-100635 intra-NRM attenuated the hypoxia-induced hyperpnoea. Conclusion: These data suggest that 5-HT acting on 5-HT1A receptors in the NRM increases the hypoxic ventilatory response.

Armazenamento de sementes de Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex R.E.Fr. em diferentes embalagens e ambientes

O interesse pelo crambe (Crambeabyssinica) surgiu em virtude da sua superioridade, em relação à soja e às demais oleaginosas, na produção de óleos vegetais, e por adaptar-se com facilidade ao plantio direto. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o armazenamento de sementes de crambe, em diferentes embalagens e ambientes. Foram testadas as embalagens de saco de polietileno e embalagens de plástico rígido com fechamento hermético, nas seguintes condições: ambiente (25 ± 2 ºC e 60% de UR) e câmara fria e seca (15 ± 2 ºC e 45 % de UR), durante 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias (período de maio a novembro de 2010), sendo avaliados, mensalmente, o teor de água, a germinação, na primeira contagem, o índice de velocidade de germinação e o tempo médio de germinação das sementes. O experimento foi conduzido em DIC, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes para cada tratamento. Inicialmente, as sementes apresentaram germinação média de 60% e teor de água de 7,0%. As embalagens e ambientes empregados permitiram alterações no teor de água que desencadearam o início da deterioração das sementes, evidenciado pela redução de germinação na primeira contagem, índice de velocidade e aumento do tempo médio de germinação das sementes. Entretanto, a germinação não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos e períodos de armazenamento. De maneira geral, as sementes de crambe podem ser acondicionadas em embalagem impermeável durante 180 dias de armazenamento, em condição de15 ± 2 ºC e 45% de UR.

Inquérito sorológico de sarampo em crianças de 5 a 15 meses de idade, em Curitiba e São José dos Pinhais, Estado do Paraná, Brasil, 1983

Inquérito sorológico, realizado para avaliar os motivos da alta incidência e surtos freqüentes de sarampo nas cidades de Curitiba e São José dos Pinhais - Paraná (Brasil), revela que entre 7 e 10 meses de idade só 44% das crianças vacinadas estão protegidas e que entre o 11º e 15º mês o índice de proteção se eleva para 65,1%. As não vacinadas, ao 5º, 6º e 7º mês de idade apresentaram percentuais de proteção de 56,7, 28,6 e 14,8, respectivamente. As crianças que foram vacinadas ao 7º e 8º mês apresentaram percentuais de proteção de 50,8 e as vacinadas a partir do 9º mês, de 75,75%. As médias geométricas dos títulos de anticorpos também foram menores nas vacinadas antes dos 9 meses, em relação às vacinadas a partir desta idade.

Influence of tobacco smoke on carcinogenic PAH composition in indoor PM10 and PM2.5

Because of the mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), have a direct impact on human population. Consequently, there is a widespread interest in analysing and evaluating the exposure to PAH in different indoor environments, influenced by different emission sources. The information on indoor PAH is still limited, mainly in terms of PAH distribution in indoor particles of different sizes; thus, this study evaluated the influence of tobacco smoke on PM10 and PM2.5 characteristics, namely on their PAH compositions, with further aim to understand the negative impact of tobacco smoke on human health. Samples were collected at one site influenced by tobacco smoke and at one reference (non-smoking) site using low-volume samplers; the analyses of 17 PAH were performed by Microwave Assisted Extraction combined with Liquid Chromatography (MAE–LC). At the site influenced by tobacco smoke PM concentrations were higher 650% for PM10, and 720% for PM2.5. When influenced by smoking, 4 ring PAH (fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene) were the most abundant PAH, with concentrations 4600–21 000% and 5100–20 800% higher than at the reference site for PM10 and PM2.5, respectively, accounting for 49% of total PAH (SPAH). Higher molecular weight PAH (5–6 rings) reached concentrations 300–1300% and 140–1700% higher for PM10 and PM2.5, respectively, at the site influenced by tobacco smoke. Considering 9 carcinogenic PAH this increase was 780% and 760% in PM10 and PM2.5, respectively, indicating the strong potential risk for human health. As different composition profiles of PAH in indoor PM were obtained for reference and smoking sites, those 9 carcinogens represented at the reference site 84% and 86% of SPAH in PM10 and PM2.5, respectively, and at the smoking site 56% and 55% of SPAH in PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. All PAH (including the carcinogenic ones) were mainly present in fine particles, which corresponds to a strong risk for cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer; thus, these conclusions are relevant for the development of strategies to protect public health.

New low-power 1.5-bit time-interleaved MDAC based on MOS capacitor amplification

15th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, Malta

Caracterização de argamassas de cal hidráulica natural NHL 3.5 de fabrico nacional

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Perfil de Construção

Comportamento da anemia e eosinofilia nas infestações por nematelmintos em crianças internadas na 5.ª Enfermaria do Instituto Fernandes Figueira

1) A incidência de exames coprológicos positivos para helmintos foi de 64.6% em crianças de baixo nível sócio-econômico procedentes do Estado da Guanabara e vizinhanças e internados no Instituto Fernandes Figueira devido a diversas entidades nosológicas. 2) Das crianças com exames positivos, 50,77% eram infestados por áscaris, 45% por tricuris, 13,84% por ancilóstoma e/ou necator, 18,56% por estrongilóides e 0,77% por esquistossoma. Não foram computados as infestações por oxiuros. 3) A ausência de casos de teníase provavelmente deve-se à alimentação carente em carnes. 4) As parasitoses mais freqüentes eram a ascaridíase e a tricuríase, isto é, as adquiridos por via digestiva. 5) O componente melanodérmico da amostra mostrou-se mais susceptível ao parasitismo que o leucodérmico, sendo o faiodérmico de susceptibilidade intermediária. 6) Os lactentes apresentam menor incidência de parasitismo que os grupos etários mais avançados (diferença estatisticamente significante), embora haja presença a de helmintíases graves em lactentes do grupo. 7) Mesmo em se tratando de crianças de nível sócio-econômico baixo e de precárias condições nutritivas, que predispõem à anemia, o grupo com exames de fezes positivos para nematelmintos apresenta uma incidência de diversos tipos de anemia maior que o grupo com exames de fezes negativos para helmintos (diferença estatisticamente significativa). 8) Alta incidência de estrongiloidíase na amostra. 9) Foi estudado o comportamento da eosinofilia em crianças com exames de fezes negativos, com exames positivos para nematelmintos e especial atenção foi dada à eosinofilia em lactentes de 0 a 1 ano.

Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Portugal: Clinical and Immunological Patterns of Disease Expression in a Cohort of 56 Patients

Objective: To define the pattern of disease expression and to gain better understanding in patients with juvenile onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Portugal. Methods: The features of unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had disease onset before the age of 18 years were retrospectively analysed in three Portuguese centres with Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic over a 24-year period (1987-2011). Demographic, clinical and laboratory manifestations, therapy and outcome were assessed. Results: A cohort of 56 patients with a mean age at disease onset of 12.6±4.04 years (mean±1SD) (range, 1.0-17.0 years) and a mean period of follow-up of 5.5±5.4 years. Forty six (82.1%) patients were female. The most common disease manifestations were musculoskeletal (87.5%), mucocutaneous (80.3%) and haematological abnormalities (75%). Lupus nephritis was diagnosed in 46.4% of patients and consisted of glomerular ne - phritis in all cases. Neuropsychiatric manifestations occurred in 21.4% but severe central nervous system complications were uncommon, as brain infarcts and organic brain syndrome in 4 (7.1%) patients. Antinuclear antibodies and anti-double stranded DNA were positive in most patients in (98.2% and 71.4% respectively), as well as low C3 and/or C4 were observed frequently (85.7%). Generally, most patients had a good response to therapy as demonstrated by a significant decreasing of SLEDAI score from disease presentation to the last evaluation. The SLEDAI at diagnosis, the maximum SLEDAI and the incidence of complications were significantly higher in patients with neurolupus and/or lupus nephritis. Therapy included oral steroids (87.5%), hydroxychloroquine (85.7%), azathioprine (55.4%), IV cyclophosphamide (28.6%) along with other drugs. Six (10.7%) patients were treated with rituximab. Long-term remission was achieved in 32%, disease was active in 68%, adverse reactions to therapy occurred in 53.6% and complications/severe manifestations in 23.2%. Two patients died, being active disease and severe infection the causes of death. Conclusions: This study suggests that in our patients the clinical and laboratory features observed were similar to juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients from other series. Clinical outcome was favourable in the present study. Complications from therapy were frequent. Objective: To define the pattern of disease expression and to gain better understanding in patients with juvenile onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Portugal. Methods: The features of unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had disease onset before the age of 18 years were retrospectively analysed in three Portuguese centres with Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic over a 24-year period (1987-2011). Demographic,clinical and laboratory manifestations, therapy and outcome were assessed. Results: A cohort of 56 patients with a mean age at disease onset of 12.6±4.04 years (mean±1SD) (range, 1.0-17.0 years) and a mean period of follow-up of 5.5±5.4 years. Forty six (82.1%) patients were female. The most common disease manifestations were musculoskeletal (87.5%), mucocutaneous (80.3%) and haematological abnormalities (75%). Lupus nephritis was diagnosed in 46.4% of patients and consisted of glomerular ne - phritis in all cases. Neuropsychiatric manifestations occurred in 21.4% but severe central nervous system complications were uncommon, as brain infarcts and organic brain syndrome in 4 (7.1%) patients. Antinuclear antibodies and anti-double stranded DNA were positive in most patients in (98.2% and 71.4% respectively), as well as low C3 and/or C4 were observed frequently (85.7%). Generally, most patients had a good response to therapy as demonstrated by a significant decreasing of SLEDAI score from disease presentation to the last evaluation. The SLEDAI at diagnosis, the maximum SLEDAI and the incidence of complications were significantly higher in patients with neurolupus and/or lupus nephritis. Therapy included oral steroids (87.5%), hydroxychloroquine (85.7%), azathioprine (55.4%), IV cyclophosphamide (28.6%) along with other drugs. Six (10.7%) patients were treated with rituximab. Long-term remission was achieved in 32%, disease was active in 68%, adverse reactions to therapy occurred in 53.6% and complications/severe manifestations in 23.2%. Two patients died, being active disease and severe infection the causes of death. Conclusions: This study suggests that in our patients the clinical and laboratory features observed were similar to juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients from other series. Clinical outcome was favourable in the present study. Complications from therapy were frequent.

Conforto ambiental de bezerros bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758) em sistemas silvipastoris na Amazônia Oriental

Foi analisado o efeito de dois sistemas silvipastoris nos índices de conforto ambiental e alterações nos parâmetros fisiológicos de bezerros bubalinos criados na Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém-PA (clima Afi), no Período 1 (abril a setembro/2007) e Período 2 (outubro/2007 a março/2008). Foram inseridos onze bezerros no Sistema Silvipastoril 1 (SSP1), que apresentava sombreamento útil nas pastagens de 18 a 21%, e oito no Sistema Silvipastoril 2 (SSP2), sem sombreamento, com lago para banho. Foram mensuradas as variáveis fisiológicas: temperatura retal (TR), frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura da pele (TP), e calculados o Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) e Índice de Conforto de Benezra (ICB), nos dois períodos experimentais, comparados pelo Teste Tukey (P < 0,05). O ITU apresentou diferença estatística entre horários (P < 0,05) e período do ano (P < 0,05), e oscilou de 73,5 ± 1,3 até 82,2 ± 0,8. A TR apresentou diferença estatística entre horários e períodos do ano (P < 0,05), com amplitude de 38,3 ± 0,26 a 39,3 ± 0,38 °C. A FR apresentou diferença significativa entre horários (P < 0,05), com amplitude de 32,2 ± 9,2 a 56,5 ± 19,0 mov min-1, consideradas acima dos níveis normais, enquanto a TP foi diferente estatisticamente entre períodos e horários (P < 0,05) e variou de 23,6 ± 8,3 a 31,7 ± 5,4 °C. Nos Períodos 1 e 2 e nos dois SSP's, os ICBs estiveram acima do valor ideal, variando de 2,46 ± 0,33 a 3,31 ± 0,62 (SSP1) e 2,42 ± 0,30 a 3,45 ± 0,66 (SSP2).

Relationship between estimation and real motor performance in school-age children

The relationship between estimated and real motor competences was analyzed for several tasks. Participants were 303 children (160 boys and 143 girls), which had between 6 and 10 years of age (M=8.63, SD=1.16). None of the children presented developmental difficulties or learning disabilities, and all attended age-appropriate classes. Children were divided into three groups according to their age: group 1 (N= 102; age range: 6.48-8.01 years); group 2 (N= 101; age range: 8.02-9.22 years); and group 3 (N=100; age range: 9.24-10.93 years). Children were asked to predict their maximum distance for a locomotor, a manipulative, and a balance task, prior to performing those tasks. Children’s estimations were compared with their real performance to determine their accuracy. Children had, in general, a tendency to overestimate their performance (standing long jump: 56.11%, kicking: 63.37%, throwing: 73.60%, and Walking Backwards (WB) on a balance beam: 45.21%), and older children tended to be more accurate, except for the manipulative tasks. Furthermore, the relationship between estimation and real performance in children with different levels of motor coordination (Köperkoordinationstest für Kinder, KTK) was analyzed. The 75 children with the highest score comprised the Highest Motor Coordination (HMC) group, and the 78 children with the lowest score were placed in the Lowest Motor Coordination (LMC) group. There was a tendency for LMC and HMC children to overestimate their skills at all tasks, except for the HMC group at the WB task. Children with the HMC level tended to be more accurate when predicting their motor performance; however, differences in absolute percent error were only significant for the throwing and WB tasks. In conclusion, children display a tendency to overestimate their performance independently of their motor coordination level and task. This fact may be determinant to the development of their motor competences, since they are more likely to engage and persist in motor tasks, but it might also increase the occurrence of unintended injuries.

Linnaea : Ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange.

v.5 (1830)

Prevalência de fatores de risco coronarianos e alterações da perfusão miocárdica à cintilografia em pacientes diabéticos assintomáticos ambulatoriais

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de fatores de risco (FR) para doença arterial coronariana (DAC) e isquemia miocárdica em uma amostra de diabéticos assintomáticos atendidos ambulatorialmente. MÉTODOS: De 80 diabéticos tipo 2 inicialmente recrutados no ambulatório de endocrinologia do nosso Hospital Universitário, sem sintomas e/ou diagnóstico de DAC, apenas 61 completaram o protocolo da pesquisa, sendo 52,5% do sexo feminino, com uma média de idade de 56,3±10,9anos. Os pacientes foram submetidos a entrevista procurando-se identificar os FR e à realização de eletrocardiograma, ecocardiograma e cintilografia miocárdica perfusional (CMP), em repouso e sob estresse. De acordo com o resultado da CMP, foram distribuídos em dois grupos: um isquêmico e outro normal. RESULTADOS: Os FR identificados foram: sexo masculino (48%), idade > 55 anos (51%), história familiar de doença aterosclerótica precoce (16%), passado de tabagismo (46%), hipertensão arterial (44%), sedentarismo (62%), sobrepeso / obesidade (67%), HDL-colesterol < 45 mg/dl (69%), LDL-colesterol > 100 mg/dl (85%) e triglicérides > 150 mg/dl (54%). A CMP foi positiva para isquemia em 15% dos pacientes. As variáveis associadas a esse diagnóstico foram sexo masculino (p=0,007), HDL baixo (p=0,046), história de tabagismo (p=0,038), hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE) (p=0,043) e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) < 60% (p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se uma alta prevalência de FR associados, bem como uma expressiva prevalência, de 15%, de isquemia miocárdica. Sexo masculino, HDL-colesterol baixo, passado de tabagismo, HVE e FEVE < 60% foram as variáveis identificadas como preditoras do diagnóstico de isquemia miocárdica.

Handbuch der technischen Mykologie; für technische Chemiker, Nahrungsmittelchemiker, Gärungstechniker, Agrikulturchemiker, Landwirte, Kulturingenieure, Fortswirte und Pharmaceuten. Unter Mitwirkung hervorragender Fachgenossen, hrsg. von Franz Lafar.

5

Entwicklung der Qualitätsindikatoren nach der Einführung eines Qualitäts- und Informationsmanagementsystems an der Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg

Magdeburg, Univ., Medizin. Fakultät, Diss., 2009

Rechenzentrum als Produktionsstätte für IT-Dienstleistungen : Kapazitätswirtschaft in virtualisierten Rechenzentren

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Informatik, Diss., 2009