热退偏损耗完全补偿的千赫兹电光调QNd:YAG激光器

为了同时补偿固体增益介质的热致双折射及热透镜效应,进一步提高重复频率1 kHz激光二极管(LD)侧向抽运高平均功率电光调Q Nd:YAG激光器的输出功率,设计了一种完全消除热退偏损耗的双调Q开关谐振腔结构,此结构在传统调Q谐振腔的基础上沿着偏振片的退偏方向增加了一个调Q谐振支路,并使得激光从增益介质方向输出。实验结果表明,此激光器的单脉冲能量比单Q开关结构的非补偿腔输出能量高出74.7%。当侧面抽运的激光二极管输出脉冲能量达到307 mJ时,激光输出能量达到26.2 mJ,光-光转换效率为8.5%,光束发

Incidencia de las Revoluciones en los Movimientos Sociales Transnacionales. El Caso de la Revolución Cubana y su Influencia en el Movimiento Antiglobalización

328 p.

Forma vs. función en tipología prehistórica: el caso de las bramaderas óseas magdalenienses

Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del Grupo de Investigación Consolidado GIC 07/21-IT.288.07.

The repulsive and feeding-deterrent effects of electropositive metals on juvenile sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus)

Reducing shark bycatch and depredation (i.e., damage caused by sharks to gear, bait, and desired fish species) in pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas and swordfish is a priority. Electropositive metals (i.e., a mixture of the lanthanide elements lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, and praseodymium) have been shown to deter spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias, primarily a coastal species) from attacking bait, presumably because of interactions with the electroreceptive system of this shark. We undertook to determine the possible effectiveness of electropositive metals for reducing the interactions of pelagic sharks with longline gear, using sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus, family Carcharhinidae) as a model species. The presence of electropositive metal deterred feeding in groups of juvenile sandbar sharks and altered the swimming patterns of individuals in the absence of food motivation (these individuals generally avoided approaching electropositive metal closer than ~100 cm). The former effect was relatively short-lived however; primarily (we assume) because competition with other individuals increased feeding motivation. In field trials with bottom longline gear, electropositive metal placed within ~10 cm of the hooks reduced the catch of sandbar sharks by approximately two thirds, compared to the catch on hooks in the proximity of plastic pieces of similar dimensions. Electropositive metals therefore appear to have the potential to reduce shark interactions in pelagic longline fisheries, although the optimal mass, shape, composition, and distance to baited hooks remain to be determined.

Ação anulatória da sentença arbitral: aspectos e limites

O presente trabalho trata da ação anulatória da sentença arbitral doméstica como importante mecanismo de equilíbrio entre o judiciário e arbitragem, bem como de preservação das garantias fundamentais das partes. Inicialmente, analisa-se o exercício do poder jurisdicional pelos árbitros, bem como a equiparação da sentença arbitral à sentença judicial, o que faz com que aquela possa ser classificada como ato jurídico processual na aplicação da teoria das nulidades. Na sequência o trabalho realiza um estudo sobre os principais aspectos da ação anulatória da sentença arbitral, destacando alguns dos aspectos relevantes sobre as causas de nulidade previstas na lei 9.307/96. Dentre os principais temas relativos ao objeto do estudo, três são destacados para estudo aprofundado: a preservação das garantias fundamentais do processo em contraposição à flexibilidade do procedimento arbitral; o controle da violação à ordem pública; e os limites da atuação judicial na análise da demanda anulatória. A fim de garantir maiores subsídios para a pesquisa, realiza-se um estudo comparado em quatro países de culturas diferentes no que tange ao controle judicial da arbitragem (Portugal, França, Inglaterra e Estados Unidos). Por fim, os temas escolhidos são analisados à luz da doutrina e jurisprudência brasileiras, com inserções colhidas do estudo do direito comparado a fim de bem analisar a problemática. O objetivo do trabalho é demonstrar a importância da ação anulatória como meio de controle da sentença arbitral, através da ponderação da autonomia da vontade das partes e a liberdade contratual com a preservação da ordem pública a das garantias fundamentais do processo justo.

Exploitation and reproduction of the spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari) in the Los Frailes Archipelago, Venezuela

We studied a small artisanal fishery for the spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari) off Margarita Island in northeastern Venezuela. We analyzed data from 413 fishing trips directed at A. narinari over a 29-month sampling period (August 2005–December 2007). These trips yielded 55.9 metric tons and 1352 individuals from which a subsample of 846 females and 321 males was used for biological data. Maximum fishing effort and landings occurred between February and May, and catch per unit of effort was highest between December and February and between July and October with an overall average of 3 individuals and 133 kg per trip. The overall sex ratio was significantly different from 1:1 with a predominance of females. Females ranged in size with disc widths (DW) from 64 to 226 cm. Males ranged in size between 97 and 190 cm DW. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female length-weight relationships. Mean fecundity was estimated at 3.09 embryos per female, and the largest embryo measured 44.5 cm DW. Females in different maturity stages were found in all months, except November 2007, the month when all females were immature. Postgravid females occurred mainly during the periods of January–May and July–October. Mean length (L50) at maturity was estimated at 129.2 cm DW for males and 134.9 cm DW for females. This study provides much needed information on the biology and life history of A. narinari for the management of an intensive, directed, small-scale fishery for this little known species in northeastern Venezuela.

Age, growth, mortality, and radiometric age validation of gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) from Louisiana

The gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) is a temperate and tropical reef fish that is found along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of the southeastern United States. The recreational fishery for gray snapper has developed rapidly in south Louisiana with the advent of harvest and seasonal restrictions on the established red snapper (L. campechanus) fishery. We examined the age and growth of gray snapper in Louisiana with the use of cross-sectioned sagittae. A total of 833 specimens, (441 males, 387 females, and 5 of unknown sex) were opportunistically sampled from the recreational fishery from August 1998 to August 2002. Males ranged in size from 222 to 732 mm total length (TL) and from 280 g to 5700 g total weight (TW) and females ranged from 254 to 756 mm TL and from 340 g to 5800 g TW. Both edge analysis and bomb radiocarbon analyses were used to validate otolith-based age estimates. Ages were estimated for 718 individuals; both males and females ranged from 1 to 28 years. The von Bertalanffy growth models derived from TL at age were Lt = 655.4{1–e[–0.23(t)]} for males, Lt = 657.3{1–e[– 0.21(t)]} for females, and L t = 656.4{1–e[– 0.22 (t)]} for all specimens of known sex. Catch curves were used to produce a total mortality (Z) estimate of 0.17. Estimates of M calculated with various methods ranged from 0.15 to 0.50; however we felt that M= 0.15 was the most appropriate estimate based on our estimate of Z. Full recruitment to the gray snapper recreational fishery began at age 4, was completed by age 8, and there was no discernible peak in the catch curve dome.

Um olhar sobre a questão dos resíduos da construção civil no Município do Rio de Janeiro.

Os RCC são originados dos diversos processos da construção civil, com características bastante particulares pela variedade dos métodos construtivos empregados. Suas deposições em locais inadequados causam vários impactos com diferentes tempos de reação e de degradação do meio ambiente. Para impedi-los foi aprovada a Resolução 307 do CONAMA, que estabelece critérios e normas de caráter protetor ao meio ambiente, porém as administrações públicas possuem inúmeras dificuldades técnicas e financeiras para sua implementação. Para auxiliar os municípios, a CEF elaborou dois manuais de orientações para o manejo e gestão dos RCC, direcionando o sistema gestor. Uma opção para a gestão de RCC é a reciclagem. O Município do Rio de Janeiro com seu relevo original formado por mangues e morros, sofreu grandes aterros e sofre até os dias atuais, utilizando para isso os RCC e o desmonte de antigos morros. Os RCC, após coletados, são destinados a uma única Área de Transbordo e Triagem, com capacidade insuficiente para recebê-los. A ausência de controle do órgão gestor sobre os RCC, seus dados de produção e de destinação, exige uma estimativa dos RCC gerados no Município e uma observação global sobre seus destinos, considerando os aterros autorizados pela SMAC. Foi realizada uma análise crítica da gestão corretiva adotada pelo sistema gestor, suas particularidades e dificuldades, e o perfil atual sobre a reciclagem de RCC no Rio de Janeiro. Algumas propostas para a melhoria do sistema gestor foram apresentadas e sugerida a necessidade de um estudo mais aprofundado e de um levantamento mais completo da realidade dos RCC no Município do Rio de Janeiro.

Skimmer Trawl Fishery Catch Evaluations in Coastal Louisiana, 2004 and 2005

Fishery observers collected data from 307 tows during 96 trips aboard skimmer trawl vessels in Louisiana’s coastal waters from September 2004 through June 2005 to estimate catch rates of target and nontarget species, including sea turtles (Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae), by area and season during commercial shrimping operations. About 16,965.7 kg of total catch were recorded during 517.0 hours of fishing operations. Based on weight extrapolations from species composition samples, penaeid shrimp (Penaeidae) dominated the catch at 66%, followed by finfish at 19%, nonpenaeid shrimp crustaceans at 7%, discarded penaeid shrimp at 6%, and debris at 3%. Noncrustacean invertebrates comprised less than 1%. Catch rates in kilograms per hour by category was 21.6 for penaeid shrimp, 6.2 for finfish, 2.2 for nonpenaeid crustaceans, 1.8 for discarded penaeid shrimp, and 0.9 for debris. White shrimp, Litopenaeus setiferus, other penaeid shrimp, and Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, were the top three dominant species by weight. Seasonally, a higher catch rate was observed from May through August 2005 for penaeid shrimp as compared with the September through December 2004 period. Conversely, the September through December 2004 period experienced a higher catch rate for finfish than during May through August 2005. No sea turtle interactions were documented.