High prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV)- type 2 co-infection among HIV-positive women in Ukraine, but no increased HIV mother-to-child transmission risk.

BACKGROUND Over 3500 HIV-positive women give birth annually in Ukraine, a setting with high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections. Herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) co-infection may increase HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) risk. We explored factors associated with HSV-2 seropositivity among HIV-positive women in Ukraine, and its impact on HIV MTCT. METHODS Data on 1513 HIV-positive women enrolled in the Ukraine European Collaborative Study from 2007 to 2012 were analysed. Poisson and logistic regression models respectively were fit to investigate factors associated with HSV-2 seropositivity and HIV MTCT. RESULTS Median maternal age was 27 years (IQR 24-31), 53% (796/1513) had been diagnosed with HIV during their most recent pregnancy and 20% had a history of injecting drugs. Median antenatal CD4 count was 430 cells/mm(3) (IQR 290-580). Ninety-six percent had received antiretroviral therapy antenatally. HSV-2 seroprevalence was 68% (1026/1513). In adjusted analyses, factors associated with HSV-2 antibodies were history of pregnancy termination (APR 1.30 (95% CI 1.18-1.43) for ≥ 2 vs. 0), having an HIV-positive partner (APR 1.15 (95% CI 1.05-1.26) vs partner's HIV status unknown) and HCV seropositivity (APR 1.23 (95 % CI 1.13-1.35)). The overall HIV MTCT rate was 2.80% (95% CI 1.98-3.84); no increased HIV MTCT risk was detected among HSV-2 seropositive women after adjusting for known risk factors (AOR 1.43 (95% CI 0.54-3.77). CONCLUSION No increased risk of HIV MTCT was detected among the 68% of HIV-positive women with antibodies to HSV-2, in this population with an overall HIV MTCT rate of 2.8%. Markers of ongoing sexual risk among HIV-positive HSV-2 seronegative women indicate the importance of interventions to prevent primary HSV-2 infection during pregnancy in this high-risk group.

Studies of Flowing water with notes, verso

Leonardo da Vinci; 11 21/32 in.x 8 5/32 in.; pan and ink, red chalk on paper

The Holy Family

Joos van Cleve; 1 ft. 4 47/64 in.x ft. 33/64 in.q; oil on wood

De recta et emendata linguae anglicae scriptione dialogus (1568) hrsg.

Appeared in part as the editor's inaugural dissertation, Giessen, 1912 (70 p.)

Historia de los reyes católicos D. Fernando y Doña Isabel /

Vol. 1 contains a list of the members; v. 2 a list of the publications of the society.

Alfonsi Lupeii Curaeleani in omnia opera Galeni annotationes... ; Naturae querela eodem autore...

Grabado xilográfico, el primero fechado en 1548, en las portadas de ambas obras. Escudo xilográfico en el colofón.

Questiones Iohannis buridani super octo libros politicorum Aristotelis nuperrime diligentissina cura correcte [et] emendate necnon singulis in marginibus annotate.

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Quincuplex Psalterium gallicum, rhomanum, hebraicum vetus conciliatum ...

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Alexandrou Afrodisieos eis ta topika Aristoteloius upomnemata = Alexandri Aphrodisiei in topica Aristotelis Commentarij.

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Viridarium illustrium poetarum : cum ipsorum concordantijs in alphabetica tábula accuratissime co[n]te[n]tis.

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Sermones septem ... fratris Guillermi Pepin ... super intemerate Virginis Rosarium.

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La pratica della perspettiua di monsignor Daniel Barbaro ... : opera molto vtile a pittori, a scultori, & ad architetti ...

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Lilio de medicina : Lo contenido en este presente volumen d'Bernaldo Gordonio es lo siguiente. Primeramente los siete libros que se intitulan Lilio de medecina. Lo segundo: Las tablas de los ingenios. Lo tercero: el regim?to de las agudas. Lo quarto: el Tractado de los niños con el Regimiento del ama. Lo quinto y postrimero: Las pronosticas. Nueuamente enmendado.

CCBE S. XV,I

Liber trium virorum [et] trium spiritualium virginum : Hermae liber vnus. Vguetini liber vnus. F. Roberti libri duo. Hildegardis Sciuias libri tres. Elizabeth virginis libri sex. Mechtildis virgi libri qui[n]q[ue] /

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