Synthesis and Electronic Structure of Dissymmetrical, Naphthalene-Bridged Sandwich Complexes [Cp′Fe(μ‑C10H8)MCp*]x (x = 0, +1; M =Fe, Ru; Cp′ = η5‑C5H2‑1,2,4‑tBu3; Cp* = η5‑C5Me5)

The dissymmetrical naphthalene-bridged complexes [Cp′Fe(μ-C10H8)FeCp*] (3; Cp* = η5-C5Me5, Cp′ = η5-C5H2-1,2,4-tBu3) and [Cp′Fe(μ-C10H8)RuCp*] (4) were synthesized via a one-pot procedure from FeCl2(thf)1.5, Cp′K, KC10H8, and [Cp* FeCl(tmeda)] (tmeda = N,N,N′,N′- tetramethylethylenediamine) or [Cp*RuCl]4, respectively. The symmetrically substituted iron ruthenium complex [Cp*Fe(μ-C10H8)RuCp*] (5) bearing two Cp* ligands was prepared as a reference compound. Compounds 3−5 are diamagnetic and display similar molecular structures, where the metal atoms are coordinated to opposite sides of the bridging naphthalene molecule. Cyclic voltammetry and UV/vis spectroelectrochemistry studies revealed that neutral 3−5 can be oxidized to monocations 3+−5+ and dications 32+−52+. The chemical oxidation of 3 and 4 with [Cp2Fe]PF6 afforded the paramagnetic hexafluorophosphate salts [Cp′Fe(μ-C10H8)FeCp*]PF6 ([3]PF6) and [Cp′Fe(μ-C10H8)RuCp*]PF6 ([4]PF6), which were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, including EPR and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The molecular structure of [4]PF6 was determined by X-ray crystallography. DFT calculations support the structural and spectroscopic data and determine the compositions of frontier molecular orbitals in the investigated complexes. The effects of substituting Cp* with Cp′ and Fe with Ru on the electronic structures and the structural and spectroscopic properties are analyzed.

EISCAT observations of unusual flows in the morning sector associated with weak substorm activity

A discussion is given of plasma flows in the dawn and nightside high-latitude ionospheric regions during substorms occurring on a contracted auroral oval, as observed using the EISCAT CP-4-A experiment. Supporting data from the PACE radar, Greenland magnetometer chain, SAMNET magnetometers and geostationary satellites are compared to the EISCAT observations. On 4 October 1989 a weak substorm with initial expansion phase onset signatures at 0030 UT, resulted in the convection reversal boundary observed by EISCAT (at \sim0415 MLT) contracting rapidly poleward, causing a band of elevated ionospheric ion temperatures and a localised plasma density depletion. This polar cap contraction event is shown to be associated with various substorm signatures; Pi2 pulsations at mid-latitudes, magnetic bays in the midnight sector and particle injections at geosynchronous orbit. A similar event was observed on the following day around 0230 UT (\sim0515 MLT) with the unusual and significant difference that two convection reversals were observed, both contracting poleward. We show that this feature is not an ionospheric signature of two active reconnection neutral lines as predicted by the near-Earth neutral model before the plasmoid is “pinched off”, and present two alternative explanations in terms of (1) viscous and lobe circulation cells and (2) polar cap contraction during northward IMF. The voltage associated with the anti-sunward flow between the reversals reaches a maximum of 13 kV during the substorm expansion phase. This suggests it to be associated with the polar cap contraction and caused by the reconnection of open flux in the geomagnetic tail which has mimicked “viscous-like” momentum transfer across the magnetopause.

Modified section method for laser-welding of ill-fitting cp Ti and Ni-Cr alloy one-piece cast implant-supported frameworks

P>This study aimed to verify the effect of modified section method and laser-welding on the accuracy of fit of ill-fitting commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) and Ni-Cr alloy one-piece cast frameworks. Two sets of similar implant-supported frameworks were constructed. Both groups of six 3-unit implant-supported fixed partial dentures were cast as one-piece [I: Ni-Cr (control) and II: cp Ti] and evaluated for passive fitting in an optical microscope with both screws tightened and with only one screw tightened. All frameworks were then sectioned in the diagonal axis at the pontic region (III: Ni-Cr and IV: cp Ti). Sectioned frameworks were positioned in the matrix (10-Ncm torque) and laser-welded. Passive fitting was evaluated for the second time. Data were submitted to anova and Tukey-Kramer honestly significant difference tests (P < 0 center dot 05). With both screws tightened, one-piece cp Ti group II showed significantly higher misfit values (27 center dot 57 +/- 5 center dot 06 mu m) than other groups (I: 11 center dot 19 +/- 2 center dot 54 mu m, III: 12 center dot 88 +/- 2 center dot 93 mu m, IV: 13 center dot 77 +/- 1 center dot 51 mu m) (P < 0 center dot 05). In the single-screw-tightened test, with readings on the opposite side to the tightened side, Ni-Cr cast as one-piece (I: 58 center dot 66 +/- 14 center dot 30 mu m) was significantly different from cp Ti group after diagonal section (IV: 27 center dot 51 +/- 8 center dot 28 mu m) (P < 0 center dot 05). On the tightened side, no significant differences were found between groups (P > 0 center dot 05). Results showed that diagonally sectioning ill-fitting cp Ti frameworks lowers misfit levels of prosthetic implant-supported frameworks and also improves passivity levels of the same frameworks when compared to one-piece cast structures.

Classical strings in AdS(4) x CP(3) with three angular momenta

In this paper, rotating strings in three directions of AdS(4) x CP(3) geometry are studied; its divergent energy limit, and conserved charges are also determined. An interpretation of these configurations as either giant magnons or spiky strings is discussed.

Exact vortex solutions in a CP(N) Skyrme-Faddeev type model

We consider a four dimensional field theory with target space being CP(N) which constitutes a generalization of the usual Skyrme-Faddeev model defined on CP(1). We show that it possesses an integrable sector presenting an infinite number of local conservation laws, which are associated to the hidden symmetries of the zero curvature representation of the theory in loop space. We construct an infinite class of exact solutions for that integrable submodel where the fields are meromorphic functions of the combinations (x(1) + i x(2)) and (x(3) + x(0)) of the Cartesian coordinates of four dimensional Minkowski space-time. Among those solutions we have static vortices and also vortices with waves traveling along them with the speed of light. The energy per unity of length of the vortices show an interesting and intricate interaction among the vortices and waves.

Heterobimetallic compounds [Ru(eta(5)-Cp)(dppf)X] (X = Cl, Br, I and N(3)): synthesis, electrochemical analysis, and the crystal structure of [Ru(eta(5)-Cp)(dppf)I] [dppf=1,1`-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]

A series of new ruthenium-iron based derivatives [Ru(eta(5)-Cp)(dppf)Cl] (1), [Ru(eta(5)-Cp)(dppf)Br] (2), [Ru(eta(5)-Cp)(dppf)I] (3) and [Ru(eta(5)-Cp)(dppf)N(3)] (4) were obtained by reactions of [Ru(eta(5)-Cp)(PPh(3))(2)Cl] with 1,1`-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene (dppf) and characterized by IR, NMR ((1)H, (13)C and (31)P), (57)Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Additionally, the compound (3) was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography, and the results were as follows: orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 18.2458(10), b = 20.9192(11), c = 34.4138(19) a""<<, alpha = beta = gamma = 90A degrees, V = 13135.3(12) a""<<(3) and Z = 16.

Enhanced classification of Chagas serologic results and epidemiologic characteristics of seropositive donors at three large blood centers in Brazil

BACKGROUND: A major problem in Chagas disease donor screening is the high frequency of samples with inconclusive results. The objective of this study was to describe patterns of serologic results among donors to the three Brazilian REDS-II blood centers and correlate with epidemiologic characteristics. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The centers screened donor samples with one Trypanosoma cruzi lysate enzyme immunoassay (EIA). EIA-reactive samples were tested with a second lysate EIA, a recombinant-antigen based EIA, and an immunfluorescence assay. Based on the serologic results, samples were classified as confirmed positive (CP), probable positive (PP), possible other parasitic infection (POPI), and false positive (FP). RESULTS: In 2007 to 2008, a total of 877 of 615,433 donations were discarded due to Chagas assay reactivity. The prevalences (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) among first-time donors for CP, PP, POPI, and FP patterns were 114 (99-129), 26 (19-34), 10 (5-14), and 96 (82-110) per 100,000 donations, respectively. CP and PP had similar patterns of prevalence when analyzed by age, sex, education, and location, suggesting that PP cases represent true T. cruzi infections; in contrast the demographics of donors with POPI were distinct and likely unrelated to Chagas disease. No CP cases were detected among 218,514 repeat donors followed for a total of 718,187 person-years. CONCLUSION: We have proposed a classification algorithm that may have practical importance for donor counseling and epidemiologic analyses of T. cruzi-seroreactive donors. The absence of incident T. cruzi infections is reassuring with respect to risk of window phase infections within Brazil and travel-related infections in nonendemic countries such as the United States.

The Road from Marja: Wounded in Afghanistan, Capt. Erik Quist '99, USMC, sees another side of combat

Marine Corps Capt. Erik Quist ’99 had fought in two wars. Now he fights again as he recovers from severe wounds suffered in Afghanistan.

Comentários e sugestões sobre o Projeto de Lei de Crimes Eletrônicos (PL n. 84/99)

O presente documento volta-se ao PLC 89/03, em substitutivo apresentado durante o seu trâmite no Senado Federal, com o objetivo de analisar problemas relacionados à abrangência e imprecisão do texto legal, e aos efeitos colaterais de extrema gravidade por elas provocados. Tais problemas ocorrem sobremaneira com relação aos artigos 285-A, 285-B, 163-A em seu parágrafo primeiro, inciso VII do artigo 6° e inciso III do artigo 22. Ainda que a intenção do projeto seja a de criminalizar somente condutas graves como a subtração de senhas e a disseminação de vírus, conclui a análise, a redação dos artigos referidos permite que condutas triviais e cotidianas entre usuários da rede mundial de computadores encontrem-se abrangidas pelos tipos penais estabelecidos pelo projeto, com potencial criminalização de um grande número de pessoas pela prática de atos que em sua maioria são legais ou regulados como ilícitos civis em função do seu menor potencial ofensivo.

Proposta de alteração ao PLC 84/99 / PLC 89/03 (Crimes Digitais)

Durante o processo de privatizações na década de 90, o Brasil adotou um abrangente marco regulatório para o setor de telecomunicações. Apesar desse esforço, uma questão fundamental acabou sendo deixada de lado: a regulação da Internet. Ao contrário de outros países, que ao final dos anos 1990 e começo dos anos 2000 adotaram legislações específicas para o tema, o Brasil, passados mais de 15 anos do acesso público à rede, ainda não possui dispositivos legislativos específicos sobre a questão. Ao final da década de 90, vários projetos de lei preocuparam-se com a regulação destes temas de forma ampla, mas nenhum logrou êxito. Temas fundamentais relacionados à estrutura da rede foram sendo progressivamente abandonados e substituídos por uma agenda exclusivamente criminal. No início dos dos anos 2000, praticamente desapareceu do Congresso Nacional qualquer proposta de regulação específica que pudesse abordar elementos fundamentais de um marco regulatório da internet. Em vez disso, passou a prevalecer uma agenda exclusiva no âmbito do direito criminal, com a tipificação de condutas e criação de penas. Exemplo significativo da onda subsequente de projetos de lei que procuraram regular a Internet por via do direito penal, o PLC 84/99 (numeração da Câmara)/ PLC 89/03 (numeração do Senado), provocou intensas reações negativas em um número significativo de atores da sociedade civil devido aos seus problemas de redação e inadequações técnicas, provocadores de danos colaterais consideráveis a direitos cruciais para o funcionamento de uma sociedade democrática: privacidade, liberdade de expressão, direito à comunicação e acesso ao conhecimento. Ao mesmo tempo, os vícios de redação do projeto representam riscos consideráveis para o potencial de inovação que emerge da Internet, com sérias consequências para o desenvolvimento da tecnologia, educação e economia do Brasil. O presente estudo traça um panorama histórico da regulação da Internet no Brasil, recorrendo ao direito comparado e história legislativa, propondo uma redação alternativa para o projeto em questão.

A liberdade de concorrência como a quinta liberdade fundamental : contribuição para um Mercado Comum do Sul

A presente tese examina a contribuição da liberdade de concorrência para o estabelecimento da fase de mercado comum na Comunidade Européia, tendo como objetivo propor alternativas para o Mercosul regulamentá-la e assim possibilitar o alcance do seu verdadeiro mercado comum. O primeiro capítulo retrata as etapas que a Comunidade superou desde o seu surgimento até o estabelecimento do mercado comum e confirma que a evolução do processo, que envolveu um novo objetivo, o mercado interno, e a importância que para tanto assumiu o direito comunitário da concorrência, presente já nos Tratados constitutivos e tutelador da liberdade de concorrência, determinaram a essa uma nova classificação, qual seja a de quinta liberdade fundamental, o que foi comprovado com entendimentos doutrinários e esforços jurisprudenciais. O segundo capítulo centra-se nas reformas no direito comunitário da concorrência e nas suas contribuições para a aproximação do sistema da concorrência com o sistema das liberdades fundamentais, para a manutenção do mercado interno na Comunidade Européia e para o desenvolvimento do direito da concorrência em outros processos de integração, bem como no estudo de propostas de regulamentações de ordem internacional do direito da concorrência. No âmbito comunitário, foram consideradas a refoma ocorrida nas regras de aplicação dos artigos 81 e 82 TCE, com o Regulamento n. 1/2003, a acontecida nas regras do controle das concentrações de empresas, com o Regulamento n. 139/2004, e as mudanças nas regras aplicáveis aos Estados-membros, como, por exemplo, as trazidas pelos Regulamentos ns. 994/98 e 659/99. No âmbito internacional, recebeu atenção o Draft of International Antitrust Code, sugerido à OMC. O terceiro capítulo apresenta os objetivos alcançados e os não-alcançados desde o surgimento do processo de integração do Mercosul e o estágio em que ele atualmente se encontra. O estudo caracterizou o presente momento como o apropriado para o processo confirmar o seu desejo de alcançar a etapa de mercado comum, o que deverá ocorrer com a implantação de um eficaz direito da concorrência e com a conformação das demais liberdades fundamentais. As conclusões são que a liberdade de concorrência é a quinta liberdade econômica fundamental dos processos de integração que tenham por objetivo alcançar um mercado comum, que as reformas sofridas pelo direito comunitário da concorrência estão em sintonia com essa visão e que oferecem um aval ao sistema previsto para o Mercosul. Além disso, que a garantia da liberdade de concorrência integrou os mercados nacionais e contribuiu para que a Comunidade atingisse o mercado comum e que a visão da liberdade de concorrência como a quinta liberdade fundamental e como permitidora do seu alcance na Comunidade contribui para o estabelecimento de um direito da concorrência e este para o alcance de um verdadeiro mercado comum pelo Mercosul.

Comentários e Sugestões sobre o substitutivo do Projeto de Lei de Crimes Eletrônicos (PL n. 84/99) apresentado pela Comissão de Constituição e Justiça e de Cidadania

Comentários e Sugestões sobre o substitutivo do Projeto de Lei de Crimes Eletrônicos (PL n. 84/99) apresentado pela Comissão de Constituição e Justiça e de Cidadania.

Estudo comparativo da utilização do nitrogênio como fluido alternativo após a injeção de vapor

Currently, due to part of world is focalized to petroleum, many researches with this theme have been advanced to make possible the production into reservoirs which were classified as unviable. Because of geological and operational challenges presented to oil recovery, more and more efficient methods which are economically successful have been searched. In this background, steam flood is in evidence mainly when it is combined with other procedures to purpose low costs and high recovery factors. This work utilized nitrogen as an alternative fluid after steam flood to adjust the best combination of alternation between these fluids in terms of time and rate injection. To describe the simplified economic profile, many analysis based on liquid cumulative production were performed. The completion interval and injection fluid rates were fixed and the oil viscosity was ranged at 300 cP, 1.000 cP and 3.000 cP. The results defined, for each viscosity, one specific model indicating the best period to stop the introduction of steam and insertion of nitrogen, when the first injected fluid reached its economic limit. Simulations in physics model defined from one-eighth nine-spot inverted were realized using the commercial simulator Steam, Thermal and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator STARS of Computer Modelling Group CMG

Digestibility and metabolizable energy of maize gluten feed for dogs as measured by two different techniques

Maize gluten feed (MGF) is a co-product of wet milling of maize, and is composed of structures that remain after most starch, gluten and germ has been extracted from the grain. Although currently used in dog foods, its digestibility and energy values have not been documented. Two techniques were used to determine nutrient digestibility of MGF for dog foods. Both techniques used extruded diets fed to Beagle dogs, with six replicates per diet. The first study used a difference method in which 300 g/kg of a reference diet was replaced by MGF. Based on the difference method, the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of MGF was 0.53 for dry matter (DM), 0.69 for crude protein (CP), 0.74 for fat, 0.99 for starch, and 0.55 for gross energy (GE). The calculated metabolizable energy (ME) of MGF was 7.99 MJ/kg (as-fed). The second study used a regression method and included a basal diet and a basal diet with 70, 140 and 210 g MGF/kg of diet (as a substitute for maize starch). Maize gluten feed inclusion resulted in a linear reduction of CTTAD of DM (R(2)=0.99; P<0.001), CP (R(2)=0.95; P=0.002), fat (R(2)=0.87; P=0.009). starch (R(2)=0.81; P<0.001), and GE (R(2)=0.99; P<0.001). Faecal production increased linearly from 56 g to 107 g/dog/d (R(2)=0.99; P<0.001), with a linear reduction of faecal DM (R(2)=0.99: P<0.001) and a linear increase in faecal lactic acid concentration (P<0.02). Both urine (R(2)=0.77; P=0.029) and faeces (R(2)=0.92: P=0.019) showed a linear reduction in pH. Results of ingredient MAD obtained by the regression and difference methods were close (6% or less of variation) for CP, fat, and starch, and also for ME content (1.4% higher for the difference method), but the two methods disagreed on calculated CTTAD of DM and organic matter. The high dietary fiber content of MGF (382 g/kg) may explain the low digestibility of this ingredient. Maize gluten feed could be a useful ingredient for formulations designed to have low energy or reduce the urine pH of dogs. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.