Construção de um classificador automático de severidade de bugs para sistemas open source

Software bug analysis is one of the most important activities in Software Quality. The rapid and correct implementation of the necessary repair influence both developers, who must leave the fully functioning software, and users, who need to perform their daily tasks. In this context, if there is an incorrect classification of bugs, there may be unwanted situations. One of the main factors to be assigned bugs in the act of its initial report is severity, which lives up to the urgency of correcting that problem. In this scenario, we identified in datasets with data extracted from five open source systems (Apache, Eclipse, Kernel, Mozilla and Open Office), that there is an irregular distribution of bugs with respect to existing severities, which is an early sign of misclassification. In the dataset analyzed, exists a rate of about 85% bugs being ranked with normal severity. Therefore, this classification rate can have a negative influence on software development context, where the misclassified bug can be allocated to a developer with little experience to solve it and thus the correction of the same may take longer, or even generate a incorrect implementation. Several studies in the literature have disregarded the normal bugs, working only with the portion of bugs considered severe or not severe initially. This work aimed to investigate this portion of the data, with the purpose of identifying whether the normal severity reflects the real impact and urgency, to investigate if there are bugs (initially classified as normal) that could be classified with other severity, and to assess if there are impacts for developers in this context. For this, an automatic classifier was developed, which was based on three algorithms (Näive Bayes, Max Ent and Winnow) to assess if normal severity is correct for the bugs categorized initially with this severity. The algorithms presented accuracy of about 80%, and showed that between 21% and 36% of the bugs should have been classified differently (depending on the algorithm), which represents somewhere between 70,000 and 130,000 bugs of the dataset.

La respuesta liberal de Edmund Burke a la crisis de legitimidad política del siglo XVIII

Edmund Burke is both the greatest and the most underrated political thinker of the last three hundred years. We could not agree more with this assertion of Jesse Norman. Very few political-statesmen have attainted the enormous repercussion both in politics and in history that Burke had deployed over the last centuries. Nevertheless, Burke remains unfairly unknown for a wider public. And what it is more, the vast majority tend to think of him as a conservative, if not a liberal-conservative. A prior precision has to be made before continuing regarding the term liberal for the sake of accuracy. Burke was a prominent Whig, what in Spanish language we describe as a liberal, in the sense that both Hayek and Milton Friedman uttered, far from the meaning “kidnapped” of the word liberal by the Anglo-Saxon left. The object of this thesis is to investigate the non-solved controversy on Burke`s figure and the liberal answer he provided with to the political crisis of legitimacy of the 18th century. There is an existing shared opinion by the academia that prior to the Reflections on the Revolution of France, his masterpiece, he was an outstanding and prominent Whig. Champion of liberty, justice and good governance, guardian of liberal virtues and the authentic developer of the efficient policy put in place by the Marquis of Rockingham in order to curb the corruption and influence emanating from the court of George the Third and his double cabinet.

Ontology and gnoseology of capitalism in Isaak Illich Rubin: 'Essays on marxist theory of value'

This concise essay attempts to show why Isaak Illich Rubin is, until today, the best interpreter, commentator and developer of The Capital of Karl Marx, understanding Marx’s work as an ontology and a gnoseology of the capitalist economic system. To do this, we analyze the relations existing between Marx, Rubin and the theory of science of the Spanish Marxist philosopher Gustavo Bueno. In this way, we can interpret the work “Essays on Marxist theory of value” also as an ontology and a gnoseology of capitalism.

An Exploration of the challenges associated with software logging in large systems

Over the past few years, logging has evolved from from simple printf statements to more complex and widely used logging libraries. Today logging information is used to support various development activities such as fixing bugs, analyzing the results of load tests, monitoring performance and transferring knowledge. Recent research has examined how to improve logging practices by informing developers what to log and where to log. Furthermore, the strong dependence on logging has led to the development of logging libraries that have reduced the intricacies of logging, which has resulted in an abundance of log information. Two recent challenges have emerged as modern software systems start to treat logging as a core aspect of their software. In particular, 1) infrastructural challenges have emerged due to the plethora of logging libraries available today and 2) processing challenges have emerged due to the large number of log processing tools that ingest logs and produce useful information from them. In this thesis, we explore these two challenges. We first explore the infrastructural challenges that arise due to the plethora of logging libraries available today. As systems evolve, their logging infrastructure has to evolve (commonly this is done by migrating to new logging libraries). We explore logging library migrations within Apache Software Foundation (ASF) projects. We i find that close to 14% of the pro jects within the ASF migrate their logging libraries at least once. For processing challenges, we explore the different factors which can affect the likelihood of a logging statement changing in the future in four open source systems namely ActiveMQ, Camel, Cloudstack and Liferay. Such changes are likely to negatively impact the log processing tools that must be updated to accommodate such changes. We find that 20%-45% of the logging statements within the four systems are changed at least once. We construct random forest classifiers and Cox models to determine the likelihood of both just-introduced and long-lived logging statements changing in the future. We find that file ownership, developer experience, log density and SLOC are important factors in determining the stability of logging statements.

Adding Run-Time Monitoring to UML-RT by Modifying the Papyrus-RT Code Generator

In Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), the developer creates a model using a language such as Unified Modeling Language (UML) or UML for Real-Time (UML-RT) and uses tools such as Papyrus or Papyrus-RT that generate code for them based on the model they create. Tracing allows developers to get insights such as which events occur and timing information into their own application as it runs. We try to add monitoring capabilities using Linux Trace Toolkit: next generation (LTTng) to models created in UML-RT using Papyrus-RT. The implementation requires changing the code generator to add tracing statements for the events that the user wants to monitor to the generated code. We also change the makefile to automate the build process and we create an Extensible Markup Language (XML) file that allows developers to view their traces visually using Trace Compass, an Eclipse-based trace viewing tool. Finally, we validate our results using three models we create and trace.

Temporary Intervention and Long Term Legacy: Lessons from London Case Studies

The paper explores the issue of temporary projects on vacant land focusing on London in the 2007-2012 downturn. Using a case study approach, a link has been identified between the success of temporary projects and a longer-term vision, as well as a move toward better integration between temporary occupants and developer/land-owner. Within this paradox the whole idea of temporariness is put under question, as is the traditional mainstream depiction of bottom-up in opposition to top-down action. These trends are contextualised within the dynamics of recession that has triggered new types of creative conversations between parties traditionally considered in opposition and may contribute to reframing urban development as an incremental, organic and collaborative process.

D3.3 – First Social Gamification Assets

This deliverable is software, as such this document is abridged to be as succinct as possible, the extended descriptions and detailed documentation for the software are online. The document consists of two parts, part one describes the first bundle of social gamification assets developed in WP3, part two presents mock-ups of the RAGE ecosystem gamification. In addition to the software outline, included in part one is a short market analysis of existing gamification solutions, outline rationale for combining the three social gamification assets into one unified asset, and the branding exercise to make the assets more developer friendly.Online links to the source code, binaries, demo and documentation for the assets are provided. The combined assets offer game developers as well as a wide range of software developers the opportunity to readily enhance existing games or digital platforms with multiplayer gamification functionalities, catering for both competitive and cooperative game dynamics. The solution consist of a flexible client-server solution which can run either as a cloud-based service, serving many games or have specific instances for individual games as necessary.

The Changing Face of Neolithic and Bronze Age Ireland: A Big Data Approach to the Settlement and Burial Records

This paper synthesizes and discusses the spatial and temporal patterns of archaeological sites in Ireland, spanning the Neolithic period and the Bronze Age transition (4300–1900 cal BC), in order to explore the timing and implications of the main changes that occurred in the archaeological record of that period. Large amounts of new data are sourced from unpublished developer-led excavations and combined with national archives, published excavations and online databases. Bayesian radiocarbon models and context- and sample-sensitive summed radiocarbon probabilities are used to examine the dataset. The study captures the scale and timing of the initial expansion of Early Neolithic settlement and the ensuing attenuation of all such activity—an apparent boom-and-bust cycle. The Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods are characterised by a resurgence and diversification of activity. Contextualisation and spatial analysis of radiocarbon data reveals finer-scale patterning than is usually possible with summed-probability approaches: the boom-and-bust models of prehistoric populations may, in fact, be a misinterpretation of more subtle demographic changes occurring at the same time as cultural change and attendant differences in the archaeological record.

Jogo Oril para a Plataforma Facebook

O Presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de um jogo de origem africana para a plataforma web voltado a este novo segmento, apresentando todas as etapas importantes da composição de um jogo social. Utilizando linguagem de programação como HTML5, Javascript e CSS, foi desenvolvido um jogo de Oril. O caráter social do jogo se deu na integração da aplicação com a rede social Facebook. Utilizando as ferramentas disponibilizadas pela plataforma Facebook Developers, foi possível fazer com que o jogo fosse carregado dentro da própria página do Facebook, para que os arquivos fossem carregados foi necessário um servidor hospedeiro com suporte ao protocolo HTTPS, devido as rígidas exigências da política de segurança do Facebook.

Licenshantering inom webbprojekt : Hur medvetna är företag om tredjepartslicenser?

Teknikutvecklingen går snabbt framåt, och idag finns det ett stort behov av att använda andra utvecklares kod för att hänga med i det höga tempot. De kallas samlat för ramverk eller bibliotek, och hjälper utvecklaren att på ett effektivare sätt ta sig från start till mål utan att behöva skriva all programmeringskod själv. Dessa tredjepartslösningar är nästintill alltid bundna till ett licensavtal, vars restriktioner och tillåtelser utvecklaren måste följa vid nyttjandet. I denna studie har vi undersökt hur medvetenheten ser ut kring de licenser som är bundna till dessa tredjepartslösningar. Då det framkom i vår förstudie att vårt fall hade en relativt låg medvetenhet har vi även valt att titta på hur medvetenheten kan ökas. För att genomföra detta har vi valt att intervjua utvecklare och projektledare på ett konsultföretag. Vi undersökte även vilka faktorer som är viktiga för att höja medvetenheten samt vilka konsekvenser som kunde uppkomma vid bristfällande licenshantering. Vi upptäckte att det var en bristfällig kunskap om tredjepartslicenser på det studerade företaget, och hur de följde de licensrestriktioner som fanns för respektive licens. För att höja medvetenheten föreslår vi hjälpmedel i form av en automatiserad centraliserad lösning, lathundar för en enklare överblick av licensavtalen och hur användning av redan färdiga programvaror kan hjälpa till att öka medvetenheten och hanteringen av licenser.

Affordable Housing Policies: An Overview

As urban housing markets throughout the United States increasingly exhibit challenges of affordability, federal, state, and local governments have placed renewed emphasis on housing, specifically mixed-income housing, which integrates affordable housing incentives into multifamily development projects. With such incentives, one must wonder what comprises a successful affordable housing policy and how affordable housing can be successfully implemented into a community. This article attempts to answer these questions by detailing the history of affordable housing policies, exploring some of the current affordable housing policies and programs, comparing affordable housing programs from different regions, and discussing some successful affordable housing programs and lessons that can be learned from them.

Type-Aware Programming Models for Distributed Applications

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Extending the capabilities of smartphone sensors for applications in interaction and health

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Iluminação em ambientes fabris: otimização e análise técnica-e-económica

Esta Dissertação aborda a temática da eficiência energética em sistemas de iluminação fabris. Desde os primórdios da história da humanidade que a iluminação tem representado um papel importante. Não só garante condições de segurança, como começou por ser o intuito primordial das fogueiras pré-históricas, traduzindo-se num elemento de conforto. Atualmente seria impensável conceber as mais diversas atividades económicas e produtivas de um país sem iluminação. Nesse sentido a iluminação representa também um elemento fomentador de produtividade. Não é bem conhecido o impacto que a iluminação tem nos custos operacionais de uma unidade fabril. Principalmente por ser difícil de quantificar separadamente na fatura de eletricidade qual a percentagem correspondente à iluminação. Tipicamente estes custos podem ascender a 20% do orçamento global da autarquia em países desenvolvidos. Por esse motivo, o sector da iluminação tem investido esforço no sentido de promover melhores soluções de iluminação capazes de por um lado de satisfazer os requisitos do espaço a iluminar, e por outro propiciar soluções eficientes do ponto de vista energético. Estas soluções assentam essencialmente no uso de dispositivos mais eficientes (como por exemplo os LED´s ou as lâmpadas compactas fluorescentes) bem como em estratégias de controlo eficientes baseadas em dados sensoriais (como por exemplo deteção de movimento/presença). A combinação destas estratégias permite reduzir os consumos em cerca de 80% quando comparadas com soluções passivas. A empresa Amorim Cork Research Lda. é uma empresa prestadora de serviços ao universo das empresas da Corticeira Amorim, uma das maiores multinacionais de origem portuguesa. Teve origem no negócio da cortiça, em 1870, sendo hoje líder destacada no sector a nível mundial. Dada a dimensão da empresa e a sua subdivisão em várias Unidades Industriais com requisitos individuais, será expectável que a iluminação represente uma parte significativa da fatura de eletricidade. Atualmente, os vários setores encontram-se equipados com soluções de iluminação diferentes, na sua maioria empregando tecnologias passivas, noutros casos com dispositivos eficientes. Há algum interesse em migrar para soluções mais eficientes, em parte suportadas em DALI (com interface de comunicação PLC ou Zigbee).

Relação universidade-escola: o PIBID como instrumento de intervenção sobre o real da formação de professores

The theme of teacher education has always been rich in discussion and presents an abundant literature on the subject. Historically this topic has generated concerns in both development bodies and universities / schools where these people learn or are engaged in professional work. Training teachers is complex and these elements of complexity make necessary a review of paradigms of initial and continuing education. Despite the efforts of the past decades, the lack of teachers in some areas of knowledge is still a big concern, and it can become even worse in the future, what reinforces the importance of new decisions and new directions in order to change this situation. Therefore, the university-school relationship is of fundamental importance, linking and articulating theory and school practice, contextualizing knowledge, renewing and adapting curricula to current times and spaces in order to be able to improve and recover the social and professional value of teachers. From this perspective the education public policies should turn to the encouragement and the rescue of values and principles in quality teacher training. In the course comes the Institutional Teaching Initiation Scholarships Program - PIBID as an innovative program of teacher education working and adding essential factors to the university-school to reinforce good teaching practices taking up the role of co-developer schools. This research is aimed at analyzing the factors that PIBID inserts in the university-school relationship within IFPR Campus Palmas. The theoretical route was marked by authors as Edgar Morin (2003, 2010a, 2010b, 2012), Enrique Leff (2002a, 2002b, 2003, 2010), Boaventura Sousa Santos (1988, 2010a, 2010b, 2013) Menga Lüdke (2005, 2013), Demerval Saviani (2000, 2013), Paulo Freire (2011), among others, among them official documents of PIBID were used in this research too. The methodological approach with exploratory approach, descriptive explanatory was of fundamental importance through data collected by the documentary analysis (BRAZIL, 2007, 2009, 2013) and in the focus groups activities (GATTI, 2012). The focus groups interlocutors constituted of three groups: Area Coordinators, supervisors and teaching initiation scholarships. The categories were defined a priori from the Programme's objectives and emerging categories identified from the analysis process. After both documentary and interlocutors analysis, it was possible to identify that PIBID inserts the following factors in the university-school relationship: the Recognition of the Profession; Innovative Program and Dialogues of Knowledge. For the recognition of the profession mainly because it is an initial and continuing education program; it approximates theory and practice; upgrades the role of the teacher at school and motivates methodological innovations. This Innovative Program promotes the role of co-educational school and it also approximates knowledge of the school reality and promotes the continuous training. The third emerging category university-school relationship promotes dialogs of knowledge; bringing together theory and practice; it allows information exchange and opens new perspectives for teacher training. Finally, it is possible to realize that besides being a new program, PIBID has promoted visible changes through the actions carried out by all subprojects in partnerships between universities and schools, restoring and giving new meanings to the pedagogical practices.