Rights of the Prisoner: An Evolving Jurisprudence

Imprisonment is the most common method of punishment resorted to by almost all legal systems.The new theories of crime causation propounded in the latter half of the nineteenth century gave rise to the feeling that the prisons could be used as appropriate institutions for reforming the offenders. It called for individualisation of punishment.As a result of international movements for humanisation of prisons the judiciary' in tine common law countries started taking active interest in prisoner's treatment.Various studies reveal that much has been done in America to improve the lot of prisoners and to treat them as human beings.The courts there have gone to the extent of saying that there is no iron curtain between a prisoner and the constitution. Most of the rights available to citizens except those which they cannot enjoy due to the conditions of incarceration have also been granted to prisoner.In India also the judiciary has come forward to protect the rights of the prisoners.Maneka Gandhi is a turning point in prisoner's rights.The repeated intervention of courts in prison administration project the view that prisoners have been denied the basic human rights.The High Courts and the Supreme Court of India have been gradually exercising jurisdiction ixl assuming prison justice, including improving the quality of food and amenities, payment of wages and appropriate standards of medical care. Access to courts must be made easier to the aggrieved prisoners.The government should come forward along with some public spirited citizens and voluntary organisations to form a "discharged prisoner“ aid society. The society should exploit opportunities for rehabilitation of prisoners after their release.Most of the prison buildings in the State of Kerala are ill-equipped, ill furnished and without proper ventilation or sanitation and with insufficient water supply arrangements.In India prisoners and prisons today are governed by the old central legislations like Prisons Act l894 Prisoners Act 1900 and the Transfer of Prisoners Act 1950.

Right to Food, Food Security and Food Aid Under International Law, or the Limits of a right-based approach

The right to food has become a pillar of international humanitarian and human rights law. The increasing number of food-related emergencies and the evolution of the international order brought the more precise notion of food security and made a potential right to receive food aid emerge. Despite this apparent centrality, recent statistics show that a life free from hunger is for many people all over the world still a utopian idea. The paper will explore nature and content of the right to food, food security and food aid under international law in order to understand the reasons behind the substantial failure of this right-centred approach, emphasising the lack of legal effects of many food-related provisions because of excessive moral connotations of the right to be free from hunger. Bearing in mind the three-dimensional nature of food security, the paper will also suggest that all attention has been focused on the availability of food, while real difficulties arise in terms of accessibility and adequacy. Emergency situations provide an excellent example of this unbalance, as the emerging right to receive food aid focus itself on the availability of food, without improving local production and adequacy. Looking at other evolving sectors of international law, such as the protection of the environment, and particularly the safeguard of biological diversity, alternative solutions will be envisaged in order to “feed” the right to food.

Actuación del alto comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados en la entrega de ayuda humanitaria a los refugiados somalíes en el campamento de Dadaab en Kenia. (2006-2012)

El presente Estudio de Caso tiene por objetivo analizar bajo las categorías de seguridad, política y economía, las relaciones entre ACNUR, el gobierno de Kenia, CARE, Médicos Sin Fronteras y el Programa Mundial de Alimentos en la entrega de ayuda humanitaria a los refugiados somalíes en el campamento de Dadaab en Kenia. Todos estos vínculos han hecho posible una distribución satisfactoria aunque insuficiente de ayuda humanitaria, lo cual permite definir la importancia de implementar otras soluciones diferentes a la creación de campos de refugiados que ACNUR propone como la repatriación voluntaria, la integración local o el reasentamiento.

First aid in mathematics.

Recurso que ofrece a los estudiantes de matemáticas toda la ayuda, el apoyo y la práctica necesaria para el aprendizaje y la revisión de esta asignatura. El contenido está planificado para dar cobertura a temas de matemáticas básicas. Los ejercicios y las pruebas de revisión ayudan al alumno a consolidar su conocimiento y lograr el mejor resultado.

Answers to first aid in mathematics.

Folleto con las soluciones a todos los ejercicios y pruebas de revisión del recurso con el título 'First aid in mathematics'.

Conversations about self-identity in Alzheimer disease : Argumentative and Alternative Communication memory books as an aid

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Improving hearing aid users' satisfaction through a market survey, instructional video, and booklet

This paper discusses an instructional video and booklet developed to improve hearing aid users’ satisfaction and to educate audiologists on the importance of proper post-fit counseling.

Preliminary work on development of a new hearing aid booklet for parents of young hearing impaired children

The purpose of this study was to evaluate current materials given to parents of new hearing aid users.

The effects of hearing aid gain on speech perception and the articulation index

This paper discusses a study to determine if changes in aided articulation indices predict changes in aided speech perception ability.