07014-005 Maple River Watershed Final Report

The proposed project will include the construction of a sanitary sewer collection system and a community gravel filter wastewater treatment system in the unsewered community of Maple River Junction in Carroll County. The system will be built to include approximately 1,150 feet of 4-inch sanitary sewer main, 3,540 feet of 4-inch service main an approximately 35 septic tanks. Some existing 4-inch PVC sewer piping as well as existing septic tanks in good condition will continue to be used in order to control capital costs.

Iowa's Mississippi River Trail Plan, 2003

The Mississippi River Trail (MRT) is a world-class bicycle trail that will follow the Mississippi River all the way from its headwaters in Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. The trail is partially completed; much of it is still in the planning and development stages. When complete, the MRT will Link over 2,000 miles of recreational trails through 10 states, including 280 miles in Iowa. Designated as a National Millennium Trail, the MRT will preserve natural environments along the river, stimulate economic growth in river communities, and provide bicyclists access to a variety of landscapes, history, and culture. The Iowa Department of Transportation commissioned the Center for Transportation Research and Education at Iowa State University to develop a plan for a safe, economically beneficial, and scenic MRT route through Iowa. This report presents the MRT plan for Iowa. It is organized in the following chapters: Executive Summary; (1) Introduction - vision statement and objectives; (2) Iowa MRT Minimum Design Standards; (3) Iowa MRT Route Analysis; (4) Recommended Improvement Plan; (5) MRT Implementation; and (6) Estimated Benefits and Impacts of the Iowa MRT. Additional information is provided in the following appendices: (A) GIS Analysis for the MRT; (B) Iowa MRT Maps; (C) Public Input; (D) Public Comments; and (E) References.

06004-003 Big Sioux River Watershed Final Report

Controlling and managing manure-contaminated runoff is a responsibility of every livestock producer. The minimum requirement of all confined feeding operations in Iowa, regardless of size, is to settle solids. Two separate watershed assessments conducted in 2003-2004 by the Lyon SWCD of 141 feedlot sites indicated only 29% have solid settling basins in place. Regulating agencies generally recommend a holding pond followed by irrigation land application which require large capital investments, specialized machinery and additional management skill sets. Producers are looking for more cost-effective alternatives for controlling feedlot runoff and regulating agencies need to know these alternatives will protect the environment.

07008-002 Yellow River Watershed Improvement Project Final Report

Two sections of the Yellow River have been named to the State of Iowa’s 303d list of impaired waters. The listing reflects streams with pollution problems linked to habitat alterations, in addition to those with potential disease causing bacteria, viruses and parasites. This fact, combined with local knowledge of water quality problems, shows the need for land treatment practices and habitat improvement measures. This project would target the Yellow River watershed, which totals approximately 49,800 acres. Areas that drain directly into the Yellow River mainstream will be targeted. Individually, these areas are too small to be considered sub-watersheds. This project will assess the drainage areas for active gullies and prioritize grade stabilization structures based upon severity and impact on the fishery. Funding would be utilized to target high priority grade stabilization structure sites and provide cost-share for those projects. A prerequisite for cost-share allocation is 75% of the land contributing to the drainage area must have some form of treatment in place. The Allamakee SWCD has received an EPA Region 7 Grant toward grade stabilization structures in the same area. Landowners have indicated that 75% cost-share is necessary to implement practices. To meet this request, the EPA funding would be used at a 15% cost-share rate if matched with 60% cost-share from WIRB funding. If matched with Federal EQIP funds, 25% of funds obtained from WIRB would be used. If other funds were depleted, WIRB funds would be utilized for the entire 75% cost-share.

05011-055 Yellow River Watershed Improvement Project Final Report

An overall effort has been initiated to improve the quality of the Yellow River in Northeast Iowa by reducing the amount of sediment and bacteria entering the stream. Funding for this project will be utilized to improve stream quality to the level of fully supporting game fish such as brown, rainbow and brook trout, walleye, northern pike and smallmouth bass. The Yellow River has the potential to be one of the top trout streams, not only in Iowa, but in the entire Upper Midwest. This project will greatly enhance recreational activities such as fishing, canoeing and inner tubing and will greatly increase tourism dollars to the state. The project will specifically address two sources of impairment: stream bank erosion and coliform bacteria from both livestock and inadequate human septic systems.

05037-014 Elk River Watershed Final Report

The Watershed Improvement Review Board (WIRB) Grant will be used to enhance an on-going water quality project in Elk River Watershed. A targeted, locally controlled project has been active in the watershed since 2001. Current funding is being received primarily from the EPA-319 program, administrated by IDNR and the Watershed Protection Fund (WSPF) administrated by IDALS-DSC. Substantial funding is also obtained from the yearly county allocation of the Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) administrated by the USDA-NRCS. The overall objective of the Elk River Water Quality Project is to improve and restore the water quality in this water body by keying in on the potential sources of the identified impairments, and forging a working partnership between the local residents and the conservation agencies and organizations involved in the project. The major potential sources of the known surface water quality problems were identified during the assessment process and pointed to feedlot runoff and sediment delivery from within priority sub-watersheds. WIRB Funds will be used to cost share the application of Best Management Practices, thus reducing the projects dependency on federal funds. Funds will also be used to overcome a project’s limiting factor associated with insufficient technical assistance.

09020-012 Fox River Watershed Final Report

With WIRB funding the Fox River Ecosystem Development board will continue to install prioritized practices identified by assessments within the impaired segment of Fox River. The FRED board is also asking to continue funding for a new 5 year position for assessment, planning and technical assistance. With new assessments and water quality monitoring already being done on the impaired segment of the Fox River a lot of valuable information is at hand. Ecosystem Development board is requesting funding from WIRB to install grade stabilization structures, water sediment basins, and terraces to reduce sediment delivery to Fox River. The FRED board in both Iowa and Missouri are committed not only to seek funding to continue water quality efforts for more practices but also to enhance and protect existing practices and investments that protect our water quality and economic viability in both states. We are off to a good start and want to continue our progress on the Fox River.

Project AWARE 2015 Wapsipinicon River

Summary of Project AWARE on the Wapsipinicon River in 2015.Project AWARE is a volunteer river cleanup event.

A latin defixio (Sisak, Croatia) to the river god Savus mentioning L. Licinius Sura, Hispanus*

This paper focuses on the analysis of a judicial defixio (AIJ557) found in 1912 in the River Kupa, a tributary of the Save, near Sisak (Siscia, Pannonia Superior), that invokes the river god Savus, as well as the ancient Latin goddess Tacita Muta. Among the targets, some of whom are specially stated to come from the western Mediterranean, we pay special attention to Lucius Licinius Sura, Hispanus. We also investigate the religious horizon implicit in the ritual offering, as well as the social and historical context of the information.

Floods in the Nishnabotna River Basin, Iowa, HR-140, 1991

Flood-elevation profiles and flood-peak discharges for floods during 1972, 1982, and 1987 in the Nishnabotna River basin are given in the report. The profiles are for the 1972 flood on the West and East Nishnabotna Rivers, the 1982 flood on Indian Creek, and the 1987 flood on the lower West Nishnabotna River. A flood history describes rainfall conditions and reported damages for floods occurring 1947, 1958, 1972, 1982, and 1987. Discharge for the 1982 flood on Indian Creek is 1.1 times larger than the 100-year recurrence interval discharge.

The Dutung-Thaktote extensional fault zone and nappe structures documented by illite crystallinity and clay-mineral paragenesis in the Tethys Himalaya between Spiti river and Tso Morari, NW India

Numerous measurements by XRD of the Scherrer width at half-peak height (001 reflection of illite), coupled with analyses of clay-size assemblages, provide evidence for strong variations in the conditions of low temperature metamorphism in the Tethyan Himalaya metasediments between the Spiti river and the Tso Morari. Three sectors can be distinguished along the Spiti river-Tso Morari transect. In the SW, the Takling and Parang La area is characterised by a metamorphism around anchizone-epizone boundary conditions. Further north, in the Dutung area, the metamorphic grade abruptly decreases to weak diagenesis, with the presence of mixed-layered clay phases. At the end of the profile towards the NE, a progressive metamorphic increase up to greenschist facies is recorded, marked by the appearance of biotite and chloritoid. The combination of these data with the structural. observations permits to propose that a nappe stack has been crosscut by the younger Dutung-Thaktote extensional fault zone (DTFZ). The change in metamorphism across this zone helps to assess the displacements which occurred during synorogenic extension. In the SW and NE parts of the studied transect, a burial of 12 km has been estimated, assuming a geothermal gradient of 25 degrees C/km. In the SW part, this burial is due to the juxtaposition of the Shikar Beh and Mata nappes and in the NE part, solely to burial beneath the Mata nappe. In the central part of the profile, the effect of the DTFZ is to bring down diagenetic sediments in-between the two aforesaid metamorphic zones. The offset along the Dutung-Thaktote normal faults is estimated at 16 km.

3D crosshole ERT for aquifer characterization and monitoring of infiltrating river water

The hydrogeological properties and responses of a productive aquifer in northeastern Switzerland are investigated. For this purpose, 3D crosshole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is used to define the main lithological structures within the aquifer (through static inversion) and to monitor the water infiltration from an adjacent river. During precipitation events and subsequent river flooding, the river water resistivity increases. As a consequence, the electrical characteristics of the infiltrating water can be used as a natural tracer to delineate preferential flow paths and flow velocities. The focus is primarily on the experiment installation, data collection strategy, and the structural characterization of the site and a brief overview of the ERT monitoring results. The monitoring system comprises 18 boreholes each equipped with 10 electrodes straddling the entire thickness of the gravel aquifer. A multi-channel resistivity system programmed to cycle through various four-point electrode configurations of the 180 electrodes in a rolling sequence allows for the measurement of approximately 15,500 apparent resistivity values every 7 h on a continuous basis. The 3D static ERT inversion of data acquired under stable hydrological conditions provides a base model for future time-lapse inversion studies and the means to investigate the resolving capability of our acquisition scheme. In particular, it enables definition of the main lithological structures within the aquifer. The final ERT static model delineates a relatively high-resistivity, low-porosity, intermediate-depth layer throughout the investigated aquifer volume that is consistent with results from well logging and seismic and radar tomography models. The next step will be to define and implement an appropriate time-lapse ERT inversion scheme using the river water as a natural tracer. The main challenge will be to separate the superposed time-varying effects of water table height, temperature, and salinity variations associated with the infiltrating water.

Statistical methods for river runoff prediction

Methods used to analyze one type of nonstationary stochastic processes?the periodically correlated process?are considered. Two methods of one-step-forward prediction of periodically correlated time series are examined. One-step-forward predictions made in accordance with an autoregression model and a model of an artificial neural network with one latent neuron layer and with an adaptation mechanism of network parameters in a moving time window were compared in terms of efficiency. The comparison showed that, in the case of prediction for one time step for time series of mean monthly water discharge, the simpler autoregression model is more efficient.

Tracing of the Rhône River, wastewater, and mixing within Lake Geneva : stable isotope compositions of water and dissolved inorganic carbon

This study presents an evaluation of the stable isotopic composition of water (hydrogen and oxygen) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of Lake Geneva, a deep, peri-alpine lake situated at the border between Switzerland and France. The research goal is to apply vertical and seasonal variations of the isotope compositions to evaluate mixing processes of pollutants, nutrients and oxygen. Depth profiles were sampled at different locations throughout Lake Geneva on a monthly and seasonal basis over the course of three years (2009-2011). The results of the oxygen isotopic composition indicate a Rhône River interflow, which can be traced for about 55 km throughout the lake during summer. The Rhône River interflow is 7 to 15 m thick and the molar fraction of Rhône water is estimated to amount up to 37 %. Calculated density of the water and measured isotopic compositions demonstrate that the interflow depth changes in conjunction with the density gradient in the water column during fall. Partial pressure of CO2 indicates that the epilimnion is taking up CO2 from the atmosphere between spring and fall. The epilimnion is most enriched in 13CDIC in September and a progressive depletion of 13CDIC can be observed in the metalimnion from spring to late fall. This stratification is dependent on the local density stratification and the results demonstrate that parameters, which are indicating photosynthesis, are not necessarily linked to δ13CDIC values. In addition, the amount of primary production shows a strong discrepancy between summer 2009 and 2010, but δ13CDIC values of the epilimnion and metalimnion do not indicate variations. In the hypolimnion of the deep lake δ13CDIC values are constant and the progressive depletion allows tracing remineralization processes. The combination of stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions allows furthermore tracing Rhône River water fractions, as well as wastewater, stormwater and anthropogenic induced carbon in the water column of the shallow Bay of Vidy. In combination with the results of measured micropollutants, the study underlines that concentrations of certain substances may be related to the Rhône River interflow and/or remineralization of particulate organic carbon. Water quality monitoring and research should therefore be extended to the metalimnion as well as sediment water interface.