996 resultados para RE-WETTING AGENT
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Widely used in cancer treatment, chemotherapy still faces hindering challenges, ranging from severe induced toxicity to drug resistance acquisition. As means to overcome these setbacks, newly synthetized compounds have recently come into play with the basis of improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. With this mind-set, this project aimed towards the antiproliferative potential characterization of a group of metallic compounds. Additionally the incorporation of the compounds within a nanoformulation and within new combination strategies with commercial chemotherapeutic drugs was also envisaged. Cell viability assays presented copper (II) compound (K4) as the most promising, presenting an IC50 of 6.10 μM and 19.09 μM for HCT116 and A549 cell line respectively. Exposure in fibroblasts revealed a 9.18 μM IC50. Hoechst staining assays further revealed the compound’s predisposition to induce chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation in HCT116 upon exposure to K4 which was later demonstrated by flow cytometry and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide double staining analysis (under 50 % cell death induction). The compound further revealed the ability to interact with major macromolecules such as DNA (Kb = 2.17x105 M-1), inducing structural brakes and retardation, and further affecting cell cycle progression revealing delay in S-phase. Moreover BSA interactions were also visible however not conclusive. Proteome profiling revealed overexpression of proteins involved in metabolic activity and underexpression of proteins involved in apoptosis thus corroborating Hoechst and apoptosis flow cytometry data. K4 nanoformulation suffered from several hindrances and was ill succeeded in part due to K4’s poor solubility in aqueous buffers. Other approaches were considered in this regard. Combined chemotherapy assays revealed high cytotoxicity for afatinib and lapatinib strategies. Lapatinib and K4 proteome profiling further revealed high apoptosis rates, high metabolic activity and activation of redundant proteins as part of compensatory mechanisms.
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Burn wound healing involves a complex set of overlapping processes in an environment conducive to ischemia, inflammation, and infection costing $7.5 billion/year in the US alone, in addition to the morbidity and mortality that occur when the burns are extensive. We previously showed that insulin, when topically applied to skin excision wounds, accelerates re-epithelialization, and stimulates angiogenesis. More recently, we developed an alginate sponge dressing (ASD) containing insulin encapsulated in PLGA microparticles that provides a sustained release of bioactive insulin for >20days in a moist and protective environment. We hypothesized that insulin-containing ASD accelerates burn healing and stimulates a more regenerative, less scarring, healing. Using a heat-induced burn injury in rats, we show that burns treated with dressings containing 0.04mg insulin/cm2, every three days for 9 days, have faster closure, faster rate of disintegration of dead tissue, and decreased oxidative stress.In addition, in insulin-treated wounds the pattern of neutrophil inflammatory response suggests faster clearing of the burn dead tissue. We also observe faster resolution of the pro-inflammatory macrophages. We also found that insulin stimulates collagen deposition and maturation with the fibers organized more like a basket weave (normal skin) than aligned and crosslinked (scar tissue). In summary , application of ASD-containing insulin-loaded PLGA particles on burns every three days stimulates faster and more regenerative healing. These results suggest insulin as a potential therapeutic agent in burn healing and, because of its long history of safe use in humans, insulin could become one of the treatments of choice when repair and regeneration are critical for proper tissue function.
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This article describes the main approaches adopted in a study focused on planning industrial estates on a sub-regional scale. The study was supported by an agent-based model, using firms as agents to assess the attractiveness of industrial estates. The simulation was made by the NetLogo toolkit and the environment represents a geographical space. Three scenarios and four hypotheses were used in the simulation to test the impact of different policies on the attractiveness of industrial estates. Policies were distinguished by the level of municipal coordination at which they were implemented and by the type of intervention. In the model, the attractiveness of industrial estates was based on the level of facilities, amenities, accessibility and on the price of land in each industrial estate. Firms are able to move and relocate whenever they find an attractive estate. The relocating firms were selected by their size, location and distance to an industrial estate. Results show that a coordinated policy among municipalities is the most efficient policy to promote advanced-qualified estates. In these scenarios, it was observed that more industrial estates became attractive, more firms were relocated and more vacant lots were occupied. Furthermore, the results also indicate that the promotion of widespread industrial estates with poor-quality infrastructures and amenities is an inefficient policy to attract firms.
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The bond behavior between Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) and masonry substrates has been the subject of many studies during the last years. Recent accelerated aging tests have shown that bond degradation and FRP delamination are likely to occur in FRP-strengthened masonry components under hygrothermal conditions. While an investigation on the possible methods to improve the durability of these systems is necessary, the applicability of different bond repair methods should also be studied. This paper aims at investigating the debonding mechanisms after repairing delaminated FRP-strengthened masonry components. FRP-strengthened brick specimens, after being delaminated, are repaired with two different adhesives: a conventional epoxy resin and a highly flexible polymer. The latter is used as an innovative adhesive in structural applications. The bond behavior in the repaired specimens is investigated by performing single-lap shear bond tests. Digital image correlation (DIC) is used for deeper investigation of the surface deformation and strains development. The effectiveness of the repair methods is discussed and compared with the strengthened specimens.
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A one-step melt-mixing method is proposed to study dispersion and re-agglomeration phenomena of the as-received and functionalized graphite nanoplates in polypropylene melts. Graphite nanoplates were chemically modified via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide and then grafted with polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride. The effect of surface functionalization on the dispersion kinetics, nanoparticle re-agglomeration and interface bonding with the polymer is investigated. Nanocomposites with 2 or 10 wt% of as-received and functionalized graphite nanoplates were prepared in a small-scale prototype mixer coupled to a capillary rheometer. Samples were collected along the flow axis and characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrical conductivity measurements. The as-received graphite nanoplates tend to re-agglomerate upon stress relaxation of the polymer melt. The covalent attachment of a polymer to the nanoparticle surface enhances the stability of dispersion, delaying the re-agglomeration. Surface modification also improves interfacial interactions and the resulting composites presented improved electrical conductivity.
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The kinetics of GnP dispersion in polypropylene melt was studied using a prototype small scale modular extensional mixer. Its modular nature enabled the sequential application of a mixing step, melt relaxation, and a second mixing step. The latter could reproduce the flow conditions on the first mixing step, or generate milder flow conditions. The effect of these sequences of flow constraints upon GnP dispersion along the mixer length was studied for composites with 2 and 10 wt.% GnP. The samples collected along the first mixing zone showed a gradual decrease of number and size of GnP agglomerates, at a rate that was independent of the flow conditions imposed to the melt, but dependent on composition. The relaxation zone induced GnP re-agglomeration, and the application of a second mixing step caused variable dispersion results that were largely dependent on the hydrodynamic stresses generated.
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O conceito de qualidade de vida surge pela primeira vez em 1920, através do economista inglês Arthur Cecil Pigou, que utiliza este termo para descrever o impacto governamental sobre a vida das pessoas mais desfavorecidas. Com a instalação de uma era industrializada e com o fim da 2º Guerra Mundial, a sociedade mudou de paradigma e iniciou uma procura incessante de formas para melhorar a sua qualidade de vida. Este conceito desenvolve-se juntamente com o desenvolvimento do conceito de educação, saúde, habitação, transporte, trabalho e lazer, bem como indicadores do aumento da esperança de vida, a diminuição da mortalidade infantil e dos níveis de poluição. O avanço da tecnologia teve um papel fundamental para a evolução desses conceitos, bem como o Design na procura de soluções para aplicação dessas mesmas tecnologias. No caso concreto da indústria tèxtil, a tendência é o desenvolvimento de têxteis inteligentes envolvendo a engenharia electrónica no seu processo de conceptualização e de fabrico. A chamada tecnologia wearable abre novos horizontes para a criação de soluções inovadoras, abrindo novos nichos de mercado com elevado valor acrescentado. Existem atualmente vários produtos no mercado cuja funcionalidade e utilidade lhes conferiu um estatuto imutável ao longo dos anos, onde a evolução não avançou na tendência atual. Esse é o caso dos tecidos estreitos, cuja funcionalidade poderá adquirir novas capacidades e ser utilizada em diferentes componentes têxteis nas mais variadas áreas. Essas capacidades poderão ser acrescentadas pela incorporação de materiais com luminosidade (Led’s e L-Wire) nas suas estruturas. Neste estudo realizado o design de produtos com novas funcionalidades, adaptando as tecnologias até agora desenvolvidas em novas soluções e/ou novas recriações de produto.
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Integrado num projeto de investigação em curso, este texto analisa o processo de (re)construção da cultura organizacional em mega-agrupamentos de escolas, em particular as tensões surgidas a propósito dos valores e significados partilhados sobre o funcionamento da organização. Ao nível do enquadramento teórico, entende-se o mega-agrupamento como modalidade especial de organização escolar, caraterizada pela existência de um campo organizacional e um campo interorganizacional, mobilizando-se metáforas e imagens de caráter interpretativo para esta dupla análise. Por outro lado, adota-se uma perspetiva multifocalizada e multiparadigmática na análise do processo de (re)construção da cultura organizacional, tendo em vista identificar os fatores intervenientes e o grau de partilha da cultura, geradores de configurações múltiplas. O projeto de investigação enquadra-se no paradigma interpretativo, adota uma abordagem mista e elege, como modalidade de investigação, o estudo de caso. Apesar da diversidade de técnicas de investigação previstas, nesta fase do projeto apenas se mobilizam dados recolhidos através de observação, de entrevista e de análise documental. Como principais conclusões, destacam-se: a existência de contradições na (re)construção dos valores e significados partilhados, geradoras de tensões internas; o controlo da organização pela liderança da escola-sede, em articulação com membros da organização e da comunidade, face ao hibridismo da regulação nacional; um processo de (re)construção da cultura organizacional marcado pela integração, diferenciação e fragmentação.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura
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O objetivo deste trabalho é problematizar o estado da questão assim como o conhecimento construído à volta dos membros do Grupo do Orpheu. Depois de explicitar estes dois conceitos e argumentar a sua relevância no âmbito dos estudos literários, lanço algumas ideias para o entendimento do (re)conhecimento do Orpheu, de Fernando Pessoa nomeadamente. Por último, anoto as linhas de força a respeito do entendimento da produção guisadiana, em Portugal e na Galiza.
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Texto da Lição de Síntese apresentada como requisito das Provas de Agregação no ramo de Ciências da Comunicação, área de conhecimento de Sociologia da Informação, na Universidade do Minho (Braga – Portugal), em 4 e 5 de Dezembro de 2008.
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No âmbito de um projeto mais vasto centrado nas biografias de literacia de adultos envolvidos em processos de Reconhecimento, Validação e Certificação de Competências, neste texto caracterizamos percursos de vida, no que diz respeito aos usos de textos, de 5 adultos desempregados do distrito de Braga que, em 2012, concluíram o 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. A partir da combinação de dados recolhidos por questionário e entrevista, que visaram aceder a práticas, conceções e valores da leitura e da escrita, procuramos compreender de que modo a participação no processo de RVCC atuou na transformação das linguagens vernáculas, por um lado, e, por outro lado, na aquisição de novas linguagens sociais, ou seja, de novos modos de falar e escrever em situação. Assumindo-se que as práticas de linguagem são indissociáveis dos contextos socioculturais em que as pessoas se movimentam, em foco estarão as características das práticas de leitura e escrita dos 5 adultos, especificamente quanto a o quê, para quê e em que circunstâncias leem e escrevem ao longo das suas vidas. Nestes percursos, reconstituem-se as mudanças geradas pela frequência do RVCC, e que moldam as suas identidades de literacia. Entre as principais conclusões, destaca-se nestes sujeitos, tidos como “iletrados”, a presença e variedade de atividades de interação com textos, por meio de textos e sobre textos. Neste sentido, a frequência e finalidade do RVCC contribuem para acrescentar aos kits de identidade destes cinco adultos os traços e os valores que as comunidades letradas atribuem, sobretudo, à leitura.
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Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino
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Teses de Doutoramento em Arquitectura.
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This work presents a molecular-scale agent-based model for the simulation of enzymatic reactions at experimentally measured concentrations. The model incorporates stochasticity and spatial dependence, using diffusing and reacting particles with physical dimensions. We developed strategies to adjust and validate the enzymatic rates and diffusion coefficients to the information required by the computational agents, i.e., collision efficiency, interaction logic between agents, the time scale associated with interactions (e.g., kinetics), and agent velocity. Also, we tested the impact of molecular location (a source of biological noise) in the speed at which the reactions take place. Simulations were conducted for experimental data on the 2-hydroxymuconate tautomerase (EC 5.3.2.6, UniProt ID Q01468) and the Steroid Delta-isomerase (EC 5.3.3.1, UniProt ID P07445). Obtained results demonstrate that our approach is in accordance to existing experimental data and long-term biophysical and biochemical assumptions.