Sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes em escolas da rede pública de ensino na área de abrangência da equipe de saúde da família São Miguel

A obesidade tem sido pensada como um problema prioritário de saúde pública da atualidade e vem ganhando destaque no cenário da vida de milhares de adolescentes. Considerando a questão da obesidade na adolescência como um problema de saúde grave, o presente trabalho aborda essa questão com o objetivo de evidenciar seus fatores determinantes, as consequências na vida do adolescente e as possíveis formas de prevenção. São apresentados conceitos sobre a questão da obesidade e sobrepeso na adolescência. Uma proposta de intervenção é apresentada, com ações para quatro nós críticos (1) a falta de informações dos adolescentes sobre sobrepeso e obesidade e a necessidade de autocontrole e controle periódico em unidade básica de saúde; (2) atenção à saúde do adolescente, relativa ao diagnóstico e controle problemas de saúde causados pela obesidade; (3) atuação sobre estilos de vida, para uma saúde de qualidade; (4) atuação sobre a autoestima, relacionamento social, relações afetivas, preconceito e bulling e depressão que a obesidade pode ocasionar entre os adolescentes. Para cada ação são relatados resultados esperados, produtos, ações estratégicas, responsável, prazo, acompanhamento e avaliação e viabilidade.

Melhoria da atenção à saúde bucal dos escolares de 6 a 12 nas escolas municipais José Joaquim de Santana e Antônio Carlos Magalhães, Área de Abrangência da UBS/ESF de Caraíbas, Campo Formoso/BA

Este trabalho teve como objetivo melhorar a atenção à saúde bucal de escolares residentes da área de cobertura de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, município de Campo Formoso/BA. A Intervenção foi desenvolvida no período de três meses na Unidade de Saúde da Família de Caraíbas. Participaram escolares entre seis e 12 anos, matriculados nas unidades escolares da área de cobertura da UBS. Foram cadastrados, na ficha espelho e planilha de coleta de dados, 151 escolares dos 214 matriculados nas unidades escolares. As ações foram realizadas na Escola José Joaquim de Santana e Escola Antônio Carlos Magalhães. Os eixos pedagógicos que nortearam as ações da intervenção foram: Monitoramento e avaliação; Organização e gestão do serviço; Engajamento publico e Qualificação da pratica clinica. Dentre as ações planejadas vale ressaltar as que atingiram percentual importante, como exame bucal com finalidade epidemiológica, escovação dental supervisionada, aplicação tópica de flúor e orientações nutricionais, sobre higiene bucal e cárie dentaria, que alcançaram 100% dos escolares cadastrados. Mais da metade destes escolares realizaram a primeira consulta odontológica e tiveram o tratamento dentário concluído.Verificou-se que a intervenção teve um impacto positivo sobre a comunidade, melhorando as condições de saúde bucal deste grupo populacional e conscientizando pais e escolares sobre a importância da saúde bucal.

Melhoria da atenção à saúde bucal de escolares de 6 a 12 anos nas escolas situadas na área de abrangência da UBS Arthur Neubert no município de Morro Redondo - RS

Este trabalho, desenvolvido em 16 semanas (set./2013 a jan./2014) na forma de um projeto de intervenção, teve por objetivo melhorar a atenção à saúde bucal dos escolares de 6 a 12 anos, estudantes das escolas pertencentes à área de abrangência da UBS Arthur Neubert, no município de Morro Redondo - RS. Foram identificados 209 alunos dentro dessa faixa etária, dos quais 147 puderam ser avaliados. Destes, 120 residiam na área de abrangência da UBS. Onze parâmetros de avaliação foram estabelecidos, enumerados a seguir, com suas respectivas porcentagens de cobertura, ao final da intervenção: proporção de escolares examinados na escola (P1) – 70,3%; Proporção de escolares moradores da área de abrangência da unidade de saúde com primeira consulta odontológica (P2) – 53,3%; Proporção de escolares de alto risco com primeira consulta odontológica (P3) – 55,9%; Proporção de buscas realizadas aos escolares moradores da área de abrangência da unidade de saúde (P4) – 0%; Proporção de escolares com escovação dental supervisionada com creme dental (P5) – 11,5%; Proporção de escolares de alto risco com aplicação de gel fluoretado com escova dental (P6) – 54,2%; Proporção de escolares com tratamento dentário concluído (P7) – 45,3%; Proporção de escolares com registro atualizado (P8) – 100%; Proporção de escolares com orientações sobre higiene bucal (P9) – 70,3%; Proporção de escolares com orientações sobre cárie dentária (P10) – 70,3%; Proporção de escolares com orientações nutricionais (P11) 70,3%. Em P4 (0%), felizmente não houve necessidade em realizar a ação. Com exceção de P5, cujo desenvolvimento da ação foi dificultado pela inexistência nas escolas do espaço adequado a esta atividade, todas as demais ações atingiram as metas traçadas para este período, determinadas segundo a governabilidade da equipe. As atividades coletivas foram reorganizadas, onde P1 serviu como base para o desenvolvimento das demais ações. Houve um maior suporte do atendimento clínico-curativo na UBS aos alunos necessitados, através da ampliação e facilitação do acesso ao mesmo. Os resultados sugerem a viabilidade da incorporação destas ações na rotina de serviços da UBS em questão.

Transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade: proposta de avaliação neuropsicológica para diagnóstico

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. The aim of this research was to contribute more precisely to the diagnosis of ADHD, to propose a battery of neuropsychological assessment and to analyze the contribution of each test. We studied 10 matched pairs of children with ADHD and normal controls (7 to 11 years). Inclusion criteria were: presence of ADHD typical behavior, positive diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM-IV, normal IQ, normal neurological examination and parental consent. We used extensive neuropsychological battery. The results showed differential sensitivity for detection of attentional problems in children with ADHD, although most tests did not reach statistical significance. The item, errors, of WCST revealed statistically significant difference between the two groups: ADHD performance was inferior to controls . In conclusion the neuropsychological assessment battery used in this research contributed to the diagnosis of ADHD.

Método para avaliação da conduta visual de lactentes

The purpose of this study is to introduce a method to evaluate visual functions in infants in the first three months of life. An adaptation of the Guide for the Assessment of Visual Ability in Infants (Gagliardo, 1997) was used. The instrument was a ring with string. It was implemented a pilot study with 33 infants, selected according to the following criteria: neonates well enough to go home within two days of birth; 1 to 3 months of chronological age; monthly evaluation with no absence; subjects living in Campinas/SP metropolitan area. In the first month we observed: visual fixation (93,9%); eye contact (90,9%); horizontal tracking (72,7%); inspects surroundings (97,0%). In the third month, we observed: inspects own hands (42,4%) and increased movements of arms (36,4%). This method allowed the evaluation of visual functions in infants, according to the chronological age. Alterations in this function will facilitate immediate referral to medical services for diagnoses.

Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para o ensino médio: avaliação de documento

This text offers some contributions to the debate on the changes proposed to the National Curricular Directives to reform secondary education in Brazil. In the first part, the political and economic scene is evaluated as the context which generated the last stage of reforms in the educational field in the 90s. It questions the option for a model of structural reform (in the Brazilian case more restricted to the Program for Reform of Professional Education - PROEP) and of the curriculum, whose themes find their justification in the contemporary economic, social cultural and political context. It discusses the use of a model that bases itself on experiences developed in other countries and takes the international orientation of the multilateral organizations as its theoretical methodological reference, leaving out the peculiarities and injunctions of the Brazilian political administrative system. Such a policy measure can increase the tension and distance normally existing between government programs and the possibility of their real implementation in the school network. In the second part, it discusses the Resolution of the National Education Council, the Congress on Basic Education, no.3, of 16.698 that instituted the National Curricular Directives for secondary education, as well as the Legal Bases - Part I - of the National Curricular Parameters for secondary education. The analysis of official discourse takes Bardin's (1977, p. 209) proposals as its methodological reference for the models of structural analysis, seeking to make the implicit values and the connotations of the legal texts explicit

Avaliação do teor e da estabilidade de vitaminas do complexo B e vitamina C em bebidas isotônicas e energéticas

Vitamin C stability and concentration was evaluated in isotonic beverages and B group vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6) in power beverages. The amount of vitamins was found to be above of that declared on the labels, even after the shelf life had been exceeded. A small decrease in the amount of B group vitamins was observed during the shelf life of the products. In the case of vitamin C this decrease was slightly higher. The present research shows the need of increased quality control and inspection.

Determinação do perfil de compostos voláteis e avaliação do sabor e aroma de bebidas produzidas a partir da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

Volatile compounds from green and roasted yerba mate were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the flavor profile from yerba mate beverages was determined by descriptive quantitative analyses. The main compounds tentatively identified in green mate were linalool, alpha-terpineol and trans-linalool oxide and in roasted mate were (E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal isomers and 5-methylfurfural. Green mate infusion was qualified as having bitter taste and aroma as well as green grass aroma while roasted mate was defined as having a smooth, slightly burnt aroma. The relationship between the tentatively identified compounds and flavor must be determined by olfatometric analysis.

Contaminação de águas subterrâneas por pesticidas: avaliação preliminar

A discussion about groundwater contamination is presented in this work. Contamination by agricultural activity, more specifically by pesticides is emphasized. Indirect and direct estimates could be used to predict pesticide behavior in soil, and consequently, to evaluate the potential of groundwater contamination. These results could be applied to advise about the possibility of groundwater contamination by pesticides, and to provide subsidies for making decisions more quickly and efficiently.

Quantificação de antimônio em garrafas de politereftalato de etileno (PET) brasileiras por fluorescência de raios-X e avaliação quimiométrica para verificar a presença de pet reciclado através do teor de ferro

Antimony is a common catalyst in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate used for food-grade bottles manufacturing. However, antimony residues in final products are transferred to juices, soft drinks or water. The literature reports mentions of toxicity associated to antimony. In this work, a green, fast and direct method to quantify antimony, sulfur, iron and copper, in PET bottles by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is presented. 2.4 to 11 mg Sb kg-1 were found in 20 samples analyzed. The coupling of the multielemental technique to chemometric treatment provided also the possibility to classify PET samples between bottle-grade PET/recycled PET blends by Fe content.

Sulfetos volatilizáveis por acidificação e metais extraídos simultaneamente na avaliação de sedimentos de água doce

This paper discusses the historical and methodological fundaments of the dynamics and quantification of acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in aquatic sediments. It also discusses the SEM/AVS relationship, which involves several controversial aspects such as sulfide stability, sulfide-organic matter interaction, and the inability to predict the toxicity of organic compounds in the environment. This relationship is an important tool for the inference of metal bioavailability. The use of ecotoxicological tests with target organisms regulated by international standards is also a relevant aspect.

Avaliação por SAXS e DSC das interações entre H2O e Renex-100

The aggregation behavior of the non-ionic surfactant Renex-100 in aqueous solutions and mesophases was evaluated by SAXS in a wide range of concentrations, between 20 and 30 °C. Complementary, water interactions were defined by DSC curves around 0°C. SAXS showed that the system undergoes the following phase transitions, from diluted to concentrated aqueous solutions: 1) isotropic solution of Renex aggregates; 2) hexagonal mesophase; 3) lamellar mesophase; and 4) isotropic solution. DSC analysis indicated the presence of interfacial water above 70wt%, which agreed with the segregation of free water to form the structural mesophases observed by SAXS bellow this concentration.

Avaliação de técnicas de classificação digital de imagens landsat em diferentes padrões de cobertura da terra em Rondônia

Remotely sensed imagery has been widely used for land use/cover classification thanks to the periodic data acquisition and the widespread use of digital image processing systems offering a wide range of classification algorithms. The aim of this work was to evaluate some of the most commonly used supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms under different landscape patterns found in Rondônia, including (1) areas of mid-size farms, (2) fish-bone settlements and (3) a gradient of forest and Cerrado (Brazilian savannah). Comparison with a reference map based on the kappa statistics resulted in good to superior indicators (best results - K-means: k=0.68; k=0.77; k=0.64 and MaxVer: k=0.71; k=0.89; k=0.70 respectively for three areas mentioned). Results show that choosing a specific algorithm requires to take into account both its capacity to discriminate among various spectral signatures under different landscape patterns as well as a cost/benefit analysis considering the different steps performed by the operator performing a land cover/use map. it is suggested that a more systematic assessment of several options of implementation of a specific project is needed prior to beginning a land use/cover mapping job.

Avaliação de danos mecânicos causados em banana Nanicão durante as etapas de beneficiamento, transporte e embalagem

This study had as objective the evaluation of mechanical damages occurred in banana Nanicão during the improvement process, packing and distribution, identifying the probable critical points. The mechanical damages caused by transport, first cleaning; cleanness and sorting; preservation in the packing, transport, and mature were evaluated. The studied packing had been: torito wooden packing (18 kg), wood type ½ box, (13 kg) and cardboard (18 kg). The stage of preservation and transport of the fruits to the distribution center duplicated the light defects and quintupled the serious defects, causing rottenness after the acclimatization. The cardboard packing did not support the piling up and presented deformations, that resulted in the kneading the fruits of the inferior packing, causing a significant increase of the serious defects. The fruits conditioned in the involved packing of plastic bubble had presented an inferior number of serious damages when compared with the others packing, without the plastic.

Avaliação da biodegradabilidade anaeróbia de resíduos da bovinocultura e da suinocultura

The biodegradability of animal wastes production was evaluated through a simplified methodology that allowed the verification of the applicability of anaerobic processes. The experiments were performed in bath reactors, with granular sludge of three origins: UASB reactor treating dairy effluent, UASB reactor treating swine effluent and UASB reactor treating effluent of slaughterhouse of poultry. The experiments (1) - dairy effluent and poultry slaughterhouse non-adapted sludge; (2) -swine effluent and poultry slaughterhouse non-adapted sludge; (3) - dairy effluent and poultry slaughterhouse adapted sludge; (4) - swine effluent and poultry slaughterhouse adapted sludge; (5) - dairy effluent and dairy sludge, and (6) - swine effluent and swine sludge were performed in Incubator Shaker, at a temperature of 35 °C, under agitation at a 150 rpm, for 5 minutes, every 1 hour. A substrat:biomass relationship of 0.5 was used. Kinetic models of Monod, Zero Order, First and Second Order were tested and it was verified that the First Order model provided the best adjustment. The apparent First Order kinetic parameter (k1) was estimated for the experiments 1; 2; 3; 4; 5, and 6, as 2.51 x 10-2; 2.49 x 10-2; 1.90 x 10-2; 3.09 x 10-2; 2.54 x 10-2; 4.09 x 10-2 h-1, respectively.