926 resultados para Electric Car
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Singularities of elastic and electric fields are investigated at the tip of a crack on the interface of two anisotropic piezo-electric media under various boundary conditions on the crack surfaces. The Griffith formulae are obtained for increments of energy functionals due to growth of the crack and the notion of the energy release matrix is introduced. Normalization conditions for bases of singular solution are proposed to adapt them to the energy, stress, and deformation fracture criteria. Connections between these bases are determined and additional properties of the deformation basis related to the notion of electric surface enthalpy are established.
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It is found that the electric dipole polarizabilities of neutral atoms correlate very strongly with their first ionization potential within the groups of elements with the same angular momenta of the outermost electrons. As the latter values are known very accurately, this allows a very good (<30%) prediction of various atomic polarizabilities.
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The challenge of reducing carbon emission and achieving emission target until 2050, has become a key development strategy of energy distribution for each country. The automotive industries, as the important portion of implementing energy requirements, are making some related researches to meet energy requirements and customer requirements. For modern energy requirements, it should be clean, green and renewable. For customer requirements, it should be economic, reliable and long life time. Regarding increasing requirements on the market and enlarged customer quantity, EVs and PHEV are more and more important for automotive manufactures. Normally for EVs and PHEV there are two important key parts, which are battery package and power electronics composing of critical components. A rechargeable battery is a quite important element for achieving cost competitiveness, which is mainly used to story energy and provide continue energy to drive an electric motor. In order to recharge battery and drive the electric motor, power electronics group is an essential bridge to convert different energy types for both of them. In modern power electronics there are many different topologies such as non-isolated and isolated power converters which can be used to implement for charging battery. One of most used converter topology is multiphase interleaved power converter, pri- marily due to its prominent advantages, which is frequently employed to obtain optimal dynamic response, high effciency and compact converter size. Concerning its usage, many detailed investigations regarding topology, control strategy and devices have been done. In this thesis, the core research is to investigate some branched contents in term of issues analysis and optimization approaches of building magnetic component. This work starts with an introduction of reasons of developing EVs and PEHV and an overview of different possible topologies regarding specific application requirements. Because of less components, high reliability, high effciency and also no special safety requirement, non-isolated multiphase interleaved converter is selected as the basic research topology of founded W-charge project for investigating its advantages and potential branches on using optimized magnetic components. Following, all those proposed aspects and approaches are investigated and analyzed in details in order to verify constrains and advantages through using integrated coupled inductors. Furthermore, digital controller concept and a novel tapped-inductor topology is proposed for multiphase power converter and electric vehicle application.
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This paper describes a general, trainable architecture for object detection that has previously been applied to face and peoplesdetection with a new application to car detection in static images. Our technique is a learning based approach that uses a set of labeled training data from which an implicit model of an object class -- here, cars -- is learned. Instead of pixel representations that may be noisy and therefore not provide a compact representation for learning, our training images are transformed from pixel space to that of Haar wavelets that respond to local, oriented, multiscale intensity differences. These feature vectors are then used to train a support vector machine classifier. The detection of cars in images is an important step in applications such as traffic monitoring, driver assistance systems, and surveillance, among others. We show several examples of car detection on out-of-sample images and show an ROC curve that highlights the performance of our system.
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Resumen en ingl??s y castellano
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This paper focus on the problem of locating single-phase faults in mixed distribution electric systems, with overhead lines and underground cables, using voltage and current measurements at the sending-end and sequence model of the network. Since calculating series impedance for underground cables is not as simple as in the case of overhead lines, the paper proposes a methodology to obtain an estimation of zero-sequence impedance of underground cables starting from previous single-faults occurred in the system, in which an electric arc occurred at the fault location. For this reason, the signal is previously pretreated to eliminate its peaks voltage and the analysis can be done working with a signal as close as a sinus wave as possible
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Resumen tomado del autor
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El presente libro es producto de la tesis doctoral dirigida por don Antoni J. Colom Ca??ellas. Resumen tomado del propio recurso
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Crear un centro de apoyo y recursos que facilite la labor pedagógica y administrativa de los profesores integrantes del colectivo. Constituir un colectivo, dotar al mismo de recursos materiales, cubrir los objetivos de los programas renovados para los ciclos inicial y medio, proponer actividades de renovación pedagógica, conseguir hábitos de convivencia intercentro, y lograr el seguimiento periódico de los objetivos del colectivo. Muestra: 376 alumnos de nueve centros de la zona de Agüimes e Ingenio, componentes a su vez del Colectivo Las Rosas, de los niveles de Preescolar, ciclo inicial y ciclo medio. Las áreas se trabajan de forma globalizada alrededor de un centro de interés, fijado desde principio de curso. Para obtener información se empleó la evaluación continua, la observación directa y las fichas de seguimiento. El objetivo primordial, que era conseguir material y recursos, se ha conseguido.
Productivity growth in electric energy retail in Colombia. A bootstrapped malmquist indices approach
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This paper offers a productivity growth estimate for electric energy commercialization firms in Colombia, using a non-parametric Malmquist bootstrap methodology. The estimation and methodology serve two main purposes. First, in Colombia Commercialization firms are subject to a price-cap regulation scheme, a non-common arrangement in the international experience for this part of the industry. Therefore the paper’s result suggest an estimate of the productivity factor to be used by the regulator, not only in Colombia but in other countries where commercialization is a growing part of the industry (renewable energy, for instance). Second, because of poor data collection from regulators and firms themselves, regulation based on a single estimation of productivity seems inappropriate and error-prone. The nonparametric Malmquist bootstrap estimation allows an assessment of the result in contrast to a single one estimation. This would open an opportunity for the regulator to adopt a narrower and more accurate productivity estimation or override an implausible result and impose a productivity factor in the price-cap to foster the development of the industry.
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El presente art??culo aborda la g??nesis y evoluci??n de la funci??n social y del car??cter profesional de la inspecci??n educativa en Espa??a que afect?? tanto al ??mbito de la teor??a y del pensamiento pedag??gico, como a la innovaci??n institucional y renovaci??n metodol??gica. El contenido del trabajo reconstruye el escenario escolar primario de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y primer tercio del XX y permite concluir que las reformas y proceoss de modernizaci??n experimentados por la inspecci??n educativa en Espa??a constituyeron un factor de est??mulo y renovaci??n de primera magnitud, alcanzando incluso el reconocimiento internacional.
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Contribuir al estudio de la inteligencia y del car??cter en los cursos de Preescolar y Primero de EGB, desde una perspectiva pedag??gica para conseguir una orientaci??n escolar y profesional basada en el desarrollo integral de la persona. 131 sujetos pertenecientes a un colegio de clase media de Salamanca. Est??n distribuidos en los cursos de Primero de EGB y Preescolar. Todos son de sexo masculino. Se realiza un estudio te??rico de la inteligencia, una descripci??n y fundamentaci??n del WISC, y adem??s se analiza el car??cter mediante la gu??a de observaci??n GOC . Despu??s se procede a un estudio experimental con el objetivo de aplicar los tests y obtener los resultados de la muestra, los cuales se utilizan para finalizar con el an??lisis de los casos . Escala de inteligencia Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children (WISC) y Gu??a de Observaci??n del Car??cter de Giovenale Dho. Se aplica al alumnado seleccionado el test WISC y al profesorado la gu??a GOC y con los resultados obtenidos se estudian las diferencias entre los diversos grupos y la relaci??n anal??tica y sint??tica de la asociaci??n entre variables. Finalmente se realiza un estudio anal??tico de casos: uno de Preescolar y otro de Primero. Para la realizaci??n de estos an??lisis, se presentan en primer lugar los baremos, y a continuaci??n, el perfil psicol??gico de la inteligencia y del car??cter. Los baremos son propios de la investigaci??n, los cuales est??n realizados sobre una muestra nacional de mil sujetos que no se ajusta exactamente a la muestra de este estudio. Adem??s est??n hechos a partir de escalas de endecatipos.. 1) Respecto a la inteligencia, aparece, por una parte, una clara superioridad de los cursos de Primero respecto al curso de Preescolar en todas las pruebas del Wisc. 2) En lo referente al car??cter, se advierten dos tipos claramente diferenciados, que son: extroversi??n e introversi??n. Esta orientaci??n del car??cter es constante y aparece tanto en Preescolar como en Primero. En la muestra utilizada se nota una superioridad de las medias y desviaciones t??picas de los dos primeros respecto a Preescolar, pero esta superioridad es s??lo aparente ya que en pocas variables llega a ser significativa. Tambi??n entre Primero A y Primero b existen diferencias significativas en todos los casos, lo cual puede ser debido, con gran probabilidad, a que el curso de Primero A es m??s heterog??neo que el de Primero B y por lo tanto existe mayor dispersi??n. 3) En cuanto a las evaluaciones, ??stas solo se han tenido en cuenta en los dos cursos de Primero, ya que en Preescolar el proceso de evaluaci??n es distinto. Existe una ligera superioridad en Primero A respecto de Primero B puesta de manifiesto significativamente en determinadas ??reas: Lenguaje, Matem??ticas, Din??mica y Religi??n. Sin embargo, esta diferencia se debe al sistema de evaluaci??n del profesorado. Los resultados que ofrecen los tests nunca pueden ser tomados como algo definitivo ni aislados del contexto social, familiar y cultural en el que se desarrolla el ni??o. En este estudio, esta cuesti??n se acent??a por tratarse de una muestra de ni??os de Preescolar y Primero de EGB, porque son sujetos que no tienen configurada su personalidad de una forma definitiva y est??n sometidos a un proceso de desarrollo evolutivo.
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Se reflexiona sobre las posibilidades y limitaciones que existen para que un centro privado concertado pueda ser dirigido eficazmente. Se incluyen los siguientes aspectos: el ideario (car??cter propio) y los objetivos generales; los planes de estudio formales y complementarios; la selecci??n del personal (directivos, profesores, alumnos, estructuras); aspectos econ??micos. Se obtiene la siguiente conclusi??n: los directivos tienen la misi??n de tomar decisiones con el fin de conseguir resultados relacionados con los objetivos institucionales, contando con los colaboradores. Esto se traducir?? en acciones preferentes relacionadas con la promoci??n de proyectos de mejora y la orientaci??n y capacitaci??n de los colaboradores. Las personas responsables requieren un grado de autonom??a elevado para realizar este tipo de acci??n, sobre todo en relaci??n con los aspectos cr??ticos de centro educativo. Se manifiesta la duda de que los centros privados de vanguardia puedan ser concertados.