Concepões e práticas pedagógicas de professoras da educação infantil na inclusão de alunos com deficiência

This research focuses on inclusive in childhood education. Its purpose was to investigate and analyze the conceptions and expectations of teachers of childhood education, childhood education center form Natal/RN, on the inclusion students with disabilities, school and pedagogical practices developed and implications for students learning. Theoric base of the cultural historic perspective, the search took by qualitative analysis of numbers form the case study method. It was used methodological procedures: documentary analysis, participant observation, field journal and semi structures interview.Three teachers participated in the survey of that school had student with disabilities in their classrooms. These teachers were called: Rapunzel, Snow white e Pretty. The teacher s nouns involved the refered kind of education. The data obtained from the observation indicated the regular school of childhood education provides educational practices that promote the participation and participation and development of students with disabilities, live situation that may create barriers to learning and to the development of these children. The analysing data of interview from Bardin content analysis (1994) was based in Cunha s studies (2001) Brun (2006, 2008), Mantoam (2006, 2008), Palacios, Paniagua (2007), among others. The dada showed that correlation and divergence of perceptions and expectations about the issues surrounding inclusion in childhood education. The results shaved that teaching strategies, affective ties, sensitivity and own routine of childhood education are factors that can promote inclusive proposal, but also needs a greater fulfillment individual differences of each child in order to their potentiality. The study also shaved that the negative of pedagogic support to teacher, the ignorance of them as guidelines and strategies that include the student s diversity, the importance having positive conceptions about the learning and development of student with severe learning disabilities and the need for a pedagogic training and of a collective work at school which everybody collaborates : parents, direction, coordination getting inclusive school. Believe that this study pointed relevant issues to be focus new research, since the theme is still lacking in study, therefore emphasize, the importance of conducting research that continuous this job

Envelhecer entre pássaros e anjos: um estudo etnográfico sobre o processo saúde doença do idoso no contexto familiar

Study, a descriptive-like one, is guided by ethnographic principles which have analyzed the elderly within the familiar context in his/her process of health and aging, in the neighborhood called Felipe Camarão, located in the western administrative region of Natal, RN, a Northeastern city of Brazil. The participants are elders aging 61 to 84 years old, living in this referring neighborhood, whose majority is constituted of migrants from the rural region of the state of the RN, retired, including widows, widowers and married couples, with low school-educational degree. For the information gathering it was utilized a semi-structured interview, the participant observation and the field diary, being put into effect, in majority, in the houses and in the Family Health Unit, in a period between March and October of 2006. For the results discussion it was utilized an analysis of thematic content and the program ALCESTE (In Portuguese, Análise Léxica por Contexto de um Conjunto de Segmentos de Texto or Lexical Analysis by Context of a Set of Text Segments), which through have emerged two corpus: the corpus I, Family and the elderly, and corpus II, The elderly and the aging within society. The analysis of the results has permitted to conclude that the family, also used by the public policies as a strategy of their practices in health, it is a necessary base support for the elderly citizen in his/her process of aging and of health. The elders familiar contexts have allowed this study to identify the existence of minimal social conditions of life, of new rearrangements of the current families by means of the plurigenerational acquaintanceship and the active presence of the elderly woman as a maintainer of this family; also by means of conflicted relationships among one another but in a bearable level of acquaintanceship. Different conceptions about the aging and the elderly generate disagreement and divergency however the family support and help for the solving of these problems and the attention to health are proceeding from the family components. However, it is noticed that loneliness is something present in these elder s everyday lives. About the attention to health, in a basic level of it, it was noticed that there are still a lot of gaps, mainly concerning promotional and preventing actions, deserving a higher sensitization and effort by the local health institutions

As representações sociais da morte e do processo de morrer para profissionais que trabalham em unidade de terapia intensiva uti

This study aimed to seize the general social representations of doctors and nurses who work in ICUs on the process of death and dying. We also aimed to know the social representations of these professionals in relation to death and the process of dying of people who are under their care, identify factors that influence the construction of these representations and identify similarities and differences between the two professions. The study was conducted from the perspective of the Theory of Social Representations of Serge Moscovici and the Central Nucleus of Jean-Claude Abric. The study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit of Natal Hospital Center, a private hospital of the city of Natal - Rio Grande do Norte. This is descriptive and exploratory research. Twenty-four (24) professionals were interviewed, twelve (12) nurses and twelve (12) doctors. Data were collected through two instruments: Test of Free Association of Words, semi-structured interview. Later, they were coded, categorized and analyzed according to Content Analysis of Bardin (1977). The words evoked after the use of inducing words - death and dying - and the interviews, led to three thematic categories: Death and dying as a biological event, death and dying as a psychosocial event, death and dying as a transcendental event. As final considerations, we believe that the social representations of the group are translated in death and dying as biological and psychosocial events and anchored in the transcendental aspects, we do not see obvious differences in the testimonies of doctors and nurses , and the factors that interfere the construction of these offices is the culture, including religion

Gestão ambiental na saúde pública: um estudo sobre a percepção ambiental de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos de serviços de saúde, dos servidores do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes do Rio Grande do Norte

This research has aimed at studying the perception of University Hospital Onofre Lopes (HUOL) s workers on the environmental management plan of RSSS. They have been interviewed 250 workers: doctors, nurses, nursing assistants, and cleaners. It was used an exploratory and descriptive research of the type Survey, which aims at obtaining of data or information on characteristics, actions or opinions of any group of people. The questions of the questionnaire were of the kind objective", formulated in a model "scale", analyzed in according to the positioning of the interviewee. The wastes of health service have high potential for environmental impact in the activities from HUOL. Actions or environmental protective policy can improve the image of HUOL. They have been detected divergences on the rigor in application of law of ANVISA. The HUOL s workers unaware of the law of ANVISA and they have little or no knowledge about the practices of environmental control, public health and, they do not know the Environmental Management System ISO 14001. They have divergent views on the degree of importance of ISO 14001. There is not a Waste Management Plan for Health Service and / or is not disclosed for most of HUOL workers. It has not carried out audits or defined the goals and objectives. Besides, it has not been identified legal requirements, and there has not been communication about the service is performed or has been made a critical analysis and no control of documents the environmental management plan. The HUOL have not had a committee of environmental management. The direction of HUOL has not been organized courses, training and recycling of waste on environmental control of the health service. On a scale from 01 to 05, the level of aware level concerning to the waste management from health services of the workers, so is at the threshold between 01 and 02. For the reversal of this situation, the first and urgent step is the creation and institutionalization the environmental management committee of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para produção de leite e persistência da lactação em vacas Gir, aplicando modelos de regressão aleatória

Com o objetivo de estimar parâmetros genéticos para a produção de leite no dia do controle (PLDC), foram usadas as 2.440 primeiras lactações de vacas da raça Gir leiteira, com partos registrados entre 1990 e 2005. As PLDC foram consideradas em dez classes mensais e analisadas por meio de modelo de regressão aleatória (MRA) utilizando-se como efeitos aleatórios o genético-aditivo, o de ambiente permanente e o residual e, como efeitos fixos, o grupo de contemporâneos (GC), a co-variável idade da vaca ao parto (efeito linear e quadrático) e a curva média de lactação da população. Os efeitos genético-aditivos e de ambiente permanente foram modelados utilizando-se as funções de Wilmink (WIL) e Ali e Schaeffer (AS). As variâncias residuais foram modeladas utilizando-se 1, 4, 6 ou 10 classes. Os grupos de contemporâneos foram definidos como rebanho-ano-estação do controle contendo no mínimo três animais. Os testes indicaram que o modelo com quatro classes de variâncias usando a função paramétrica AS foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados. As estimativas de herdabilidade variaram de 0,21 a 0,33 para a função AS e de 0,17 a 0,30 para WIL e foram maiores na primeira metade da lactação. As correlações genéticas entre as PLDC foram positivas e elevadas entre os controles adjacentes e diminuiram quando a distância entre os controles aumentou. Para o melhor modelo, foram estimados os valores genéticos para a produção de leite acumulada até os 305 dias e, para períodos parciais da lactação, foram obtidas como médias dos valores genéticos preditos naquele período. Os valores genéticos foram comparados, por meio da correlação de posto, ao valor genético predito para a produção acumulada até os 305 dias, pelo método tradicional. As correlações entre os valores genéticos indicaram que podem ocorrer divergências na classificação dos animais pelos critérios estudados.

Um estudo do perfil de formação dos técnicos de segurança do trabalho no Brasil na perspectiva de sistemas de gestão de segurança e saúde ocupacional

This work provides great contribution to the documental study of the Work Safety courses offered by CEFETs in Brazil, under the perspective of safety management and occupational health, using as a referential the specification OHSAS 18001 (BSI, 1999), as well as directions provided by OIT (ILO, 2001). The theoretical research compares technical and managing competences of the projects of Work Safety courses at CEFETs with the international legislation mentioned above. For field research, questionnaires containing open and close questions were answered by teachers and students aiming at identifying the importance of technical and managing competences for the formation of Work Safety technicians, besides trying to identify which level of minimal formal knowledge should be required to perform managing activities in the area of Work Safety Management Systems and Occupational Health (SGSSO, in Portuguese). The results of the theoretical research point out differences between the projects of the Work Safety technical courses at CEFETs under the perspective of SGSSO. The field research shows that students and teachers opinions converge about most technical and managing competences. In relation to academic formation, the research suggests divergences to the criterion stated by the norm ISO 19011(ABNT, 2002)

Uma aplicação de análise de decisão com o método AHP Processo de hierarquia analítica: um estudo sobre adoção de Sistema eletrônico de cobrança no Transporte público urbano

This thesis carries through an application of Analysis of Multicriterion Decision with use of the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the problematic one of taking of decision of the adoption of electronic collecting in the system of urban transport in the country, a subject that has been controversial. A modeling of criteria and alternatives is carried through and applied a questionnaire based on method AHP the excellent actors in the system of urban transport - Leading of the Managing Agency Public Municipal theatre of Urban Transports, Controller of Company of Bus, Controller of Labor union, Controller of Union of Companies, Communitarian Leader. The considered alternatives were: the maintenance of the current state with collectors, the implementation of electronic collection without collectors, and the implementation of electronic collection with collectors. The used criteria were: job, impact in the fare, control of the system, easiness of use, information. The study was carried through in the city of Natal, RN, where if the adoption of electronic collection argues and where this implementation in some bus lines between Natal and Parnamirim exists, city that integrates the region of the great Natal. The main results of the method evidence in a dimension, the viability of use of method AHP with questionnaire by means of validation of the judgments with analysis of variance beyond proper the normal mechanisms of analysis of consistency to the method, and in another one, the contribution of the analysis boarding multicriterion to become the judgments more clearly. The main results of the analysis help to show that although to models of criteria and distinct judgments of the actors, the method evidenced that it has inclination the adoption of the electronic collection on the current situation, even so with divergences between the maintenance or not of the collector. The research points to the possibility of accomplishment of the application of the AHP in successive rounds of judgments

Contribuições aos Processos de Clustering com Base em Métricas não-Euclidianas

In this work we present a new clustering method that groups up points of a data set in classes. The method is based in a algorithm to link auxiliary clusters that are obtained using traditional vector quantization techniques. It is described some approaches during the development of the work that are based in measures of distances or dissimilarities (divergence) between the auxiliary clusters. This new method uses only two a priori information, the number of auxiliary clusters Na and a threshold distance dt that will be used to decide about the linkage or not of the auxiliary clusters. The number os classes could be automatically found by the method, that do it based in the chosen threshold distance dt, or it is given as additional information to help in the choice of the correct threshold. Some analysis are made and the results are compared with traditional clustering methods. In this work different dissimilarities metrics are analyzed and a new one is proposed based on the concept of negentropy. Besides grouping points of a set in classes, it is proposed a method to statistical modeling the classes aiming to obtain a expression to the probability of a point to belong to one of the classes. Experiments with several values of Na e dt are made in tests sets and the results are analyzed aiming to study the robustness of the method and to consider heuristics to the choice of the correct threshold. During this work it is explored the aspects of information theory applied to the calculation of the divergences. It will be explored specifically the different measures of information and divergence using the Rényi entropy. The results using the different metrics are compared and commented. The work also has appendix where are exposed real applications using the proposed method

Síntese e caracterização de tungstatos de cério e estrôncio para fins catalíticos

The main goal of this work was to produce nanosized ceramic materials of the family of the tungstates (tungstates of cerium and strontium), and test them for their catalytic activity in processes involving the transformation of methane (CH4). The methodology used for the synthesis of the ceramic powders involved the complexation combining EDTA-citrate. The materials characterization was performed using simple and differential thermogravimetry, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The microstructure analysis was performed using the refinement by the Rietveld method, and the crystallite size and distribution of the materials was elucidate by the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods. The conditions of the synthesis process for the three envisaged materials (SrWO4, SrWO4 using tungsten oxide concentrate as raw material, and Ce2(WO4)3) were adjusted to obtain a single phase crystalline material. The catalytic tests were carried out in the presence of methane and synthetic air, which is composed of 21% O2 and 79% N2. The analysis of the conversion of the reaction was done with the aid of an fourier transform infrared device (FTIR). The analysis showed that, structurally, the SrWO4 produced using raw materials of high and poor purity (99% and 92%, respectively) are similar. The ideal parameters of calcination, in the tested range, are temperature of 1000 °C and time of calcination 5 hours. For the Ce2(WO4)3, the ideal calcination time and are temperature 15 hours and 1000°C, respectively. The Williamson-Hall method provided two different distributions for the crystallite size of each material, whose values ranged between the nanometer and micrometer scales. According to method of Scherrer, all materials produced were composed of nanometric crystallites. The analyses of transmission electron microscopy confirmed the results obtained from the Williamson- Hall method for the crystallite size. The EDS showed an atomic composition for the metals in the SrWO4 that was different of the theoretical composition. With respect to the catalytic tests, all materials were found to be catalytically active, but the reaction process should be further studied and optimized.

Análise comparativa de traduções do Cântico dos Cânticos

Observam-se especialmente as divergências entre as duas, no que diz respeito ao erotismo presente no poema, e analisando as suas prováveis razões discursivas. Não se visa aqui a produção de uma nova tradução, mas a comparação e o comentário das escolhas tradutórias em determinados excertos das obras selecionadas. A argumentação desenvolvese através dos seguintes encaminhamentos: após a apresentação do objeto de estudo com o debate que sempre o acompanha acerca das polêmicas de datação e autoria, passa-se à exposição do problema do qual se ocupa a hipótese, assim como os objetivos e os parâmetros metodológicos que regeram a elaboração desta dissertação. Consecutivamente, elencam-se os pressupostos teóricos que emolduram as análises propostas, aborda-se também a sexualidade segundo a religião contemporânea (por se tratar de um livro ao qual se agregou valor religioso) nas instituições que adotaram o Cântico dos Cânticos, a saber: o judaísmo e o cristianismo católico e protestante, assim como o processo possivelmente efetuado durante essa adoção quanto ao enviesamento interpretativo e à atribuição autoral: visa-se compreender as razões da incongruência causada pelo sexo que permeia o texto em questão relativamente à religiosidade contemporânea, e especula-se sobre a sua canonização, considerando como esse desencaixe pode ter mudado o curso da sua exegese tradicional para a alegoria que se tornou a sua leitura majoritária, inclusive engendrando a atribuição tradicional da sua suposta origem. Somente então se dá início à análise comparativa das duas traduções, a fim de se constatar a provável existência dum viés discursivo transparecente das formas como cada uma destas obras verteu as porções do texto-fonte, para o português, que continham marcas de erotismo, observando se respeitaram ou não as leituras tradicionais que insuflaram no texto o seu pendor alegórico de caráter religioso

Genotyping, serotyping and determination of mating-type of Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates from São Paulo State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Formação de professores de matemática: um estudo sobre a influência da formação pedagógica prévia em um curso de licenciatura

O presente texto tem como objetivo discutir a influência da formação pedagógica prévia em um curso específico de Licenciatura em Matemática. Como instância prévia de formação este artigo considera o CEFAM, e o curso de Licenciatura em foco é o da Faculdade de Ciências da UNESP de Bauru. O enfoque metodológico é nitidamente qualitativo, tendo sido os procedimentos analíticos pautados no estudo de convergências e divergências detectadas nos discursos dos estudantes-depoentes.

Pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho: considerações sobre políticas públicas nos Estados Unidos, União Europeia e Brasil

Atualmente, discussões a respeito da construção de uma sociedade inclusiva, ou seja, responsiva às diferenças, têm ocorrido em diversos países. de acordo com os princípios da inclusão social, a participação das pessoas com deficiência na sociedade depende de profundas transformações, cabendo à sociedade prover os suportes necessários para que esses indivíduos tenham acesso a todos os recursos disponíveis no meio social e, além disso, ao convívio de maneira não-segregada. Uma questão importante, nesse sentido, é a elaboração de políticas públicas no âmbito do trabalho voltadas para pessoas com deficiência. Embora o acesso ao trabalho seja considerado um dos principais direitos civis dos indivíduos, as pessoas com deficiência ainda encontram diversas barreiras para ingressar no mercado profissional. Partindo dessas afirmações, este artigo teve como objetivo discutir alguns dos principais aspectos das políticas de emprego adotadas nos Estados Unidos, na União Europeia e no Brasil para favorecer a inserção desses indivíduos no mercado de trabalho. Para tanto, três documentos legais, sendo um Nacional, um procedente dos Estados Unidos e outro, da União Europeia, foram analisados quanto aos itens: a) ano de publicação do documento; b) objetivos; c) definição de deficiência; e d) estratégias de inserção da pessoa com deficiência no mercado de trabalho. A partir das considerações realizadas, pode-se dizer que existem avanços e divergências nas políticas de emprego e que estas estão relacionadas às particularidades de cada um dos contextos; no entanto, existe uma preocupação comum em garantir à pessoa com deficiência o ingresso na atividade profissional.

Expressão imuno-histoquímica do cd8, foxp3, Tgf β, tnf α e nf-кb em displasias epiteliais e Carcinomas epidermóides orais

The Oral Epithelial Dysplasia (OED) is the lesion that precedes or co-exists with the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), presenting molecular and/or histological similar alterations. The divergences about the malignization potential of OEDs and the role of inflammation in this process make hard the early diagnosis and evaluation of OSCCs aggressiveness. Thus, it became the goal of this study to evaluate the role of inflammation in oral carcinogenesis and tumoral aggressiveness. For this purpose a morphological study was performed in 20 OED cases and 40 OSCC cases to detect the malignization potential of OEDs and the histologic malignancy grading (HMG) of OSCCs, analyzing superficial masses for dismorphism evaluation and the invasive front for evaluation of tumoral growing; and immunohistochemical, using anti-CD8, anti-FOXP3, anti-TGFβ, anti-TNFα and anti-NF-кB antibodies, comparing their with the types lesion, histological degree and intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate. The results were statistically significant for the parameters: cell maturity (p=0,0001), masses presence (p=0,038) and dismorphism (p=0,037), when associated to HMG. To compare the expression of the markers with the types lesion, a significantly higher expression of CD8 (p=0,001) and NF-кB (p=0,002) in the OED, and also a smaller expression of the epithelial TGFβ in the severe OEDs (p=0,011), without significant expression between OSCC degrees. By relating the expression of the studied markers with the inflammatory infiltrate intensity, a positive relation was observed with: inflammatory TNFα(p=0,003), epithelial TNFα and NF-кB (p=0,051 and p=0,004), in OEDs; and with CD8 (p=0,021) and TNFα (p=0,015) in conjunctive OSCCs; and a negative relation with epithelial TNFα (p=0,034) in OSCCs. No significant relation was found between FOXP3 with any of the studied variables. These findings lead to the conclusion that, the study of the invasive front is as important as the study of superficial masses for the evaluation of tumoral aggressiveness; the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate has no use as a parameter for prognostic evaluation of OSCC in routine exams, but, the molecular events detected in this study may be necessary to give basis for determining the malignant potential in OEDs and aggressiveness in OSCCs

A percepção de enfermeiros sobre o cuidar de pacientes com problemas físicos que interferem na autoimagem: uma abordagem fenomenológica

O presente estudo tem como objetivo compreender a percepção e o significado do cuidar de pacientes com problemas de auto-imagem, resultantes de alteração física, por enfermeiros de um hospital universitário. A trajetória metodológica foi a fenomenologia, os sujeitos da pesquisa foram oito enfermeiros. Para a análise dos depoimentos, realizou-se a transcrição e as leituras, buscando a essência das unidades, expressão dos significados, tematizando e interpretando as falas, buscando convergências, divergências e idiossincrasias e a síntese do fenômeno. Os temas desvelados foram: (não)aceitação da enfermidade; trabalho em equipe; limitações conseqüentes da doença; sentimentos e comportamento do enfermeiro e equipe; vínculo entre equipe, paciente e família; a família; auto-imagem do paciente; idade dos pacientes; o preconceito; (re) conhecimento da doença; nível e cuidados mais intensos; a religião e capacitação. Pela amplitude do fenômeno outros ângulos podem ser desvelados e outras perspectivas habitadas.