Sistematização de normas informacionais

Dissertação de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Design de Comunicação, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura

Tafonomia e paleoicnologia do neogénico superior do sector Cacela-Huelva (SE da Ibéria)

Tese de doutoramento em Paleontologia. Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2005

Alteração na diversidade das paisagens em Portugal Continental e do seu valor para a conservação entre 1970 e 2007

Doutoramento em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Plantar a cidade

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.

Processamento e caracterização da blenda poli (metacrilato de metila) (PMMA) elastomerico e poli (tereftalato de etileno) (PET) pós-consumo

This work studied the immiscible blend of elastomeric poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottle grade with and without the use of compatibilizer agent, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate - co-ethyl acrylate) (MGE). The characterizations of torque rheometry, melt flow index measurement (MFI), measuring the density and the degree of cristallinity by pycnometry, tensile testing, method of work essential fracture (EWF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed in pure polymer and blends PMMA/PET. The rheological results showed evidence of signs of chemical reaction between the epoxy group MGE with the end groups of the PET chains and also to the elastomeric phase of PMMA. The increase in the concentration of PET reduced torque and adding MGE increased the torque of the blend of PMMA/PET. The results of the MFI also show that elastomeric PMMA showed lower flow and thus higher viscosity than PET. In the results of picnometry observed that increasing the percentage of PET resulted in an increase in density and degree crystallinity of the blends PMMA/PET. The tensile test showed that increasing the percentage of PET resulted in an increase in ultimate strength and elastic modulus and decrease in elongation at break. However, in the phase inversion, where the blend showed evidence of a co-continuous morphology and also, with 30% PET dispersed phase and compatibilized with 5% MGE, there were significant results elongation at break compared to elastomeric PMMA. The applicability of the method of essential work of fracture was shown to be possible for most formulations. And it was observed that with increasing elastomeric PMMA in the formulations of the blends there was an improvement in specific amounts of essential work of fracture (We) and a decrease in the values of specific non-essential work of fracture (βWp)

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de um compósito matriz metálica (CMM): aço EUROFER97 reforçado com Carbeto de Tântalo - TaC

Steel is an alloy EUROFER promising for use in nuclear reactors, or in applications where the material is subjected to temperatures up to 550 ° C due to their lower creep resistance under. One way to increase this property, so that the steel work at higher temperatures it is necessary to prevent sliding of its grain boundaries. Factors that influence this slip contours are the morphology of the grains, the angle and speed of the grain boundaries. This speed can be decreased in the presence of a dispersed phase in the material, provided it is fine and homogeneously distributed. In this context, this paper presents the development of a new material metal matrix composite (MMC) which has as starting materials as stainless steel EUROFER 97, and two different kinds of tantalum carbide - TaC, one with average crystallite sizes 13.78 nm synthesized in UFRN and another with 40.66 nm supplied by Aldrich. In order to improve the mechanical properties of metal matrix was added by powder metallurgy, nano-sized particles of the two types of TaC. This paper discusses the effect of dispersion of carbides in the microstructure of sintered parts. Pure steel powders with the addition of 3% TaC UFRN and 3% TaC commercial respectively, were ground in grinding times following: a) 5 hours in the planetary mill for all post b) 8 hours of grinding in the mill Planetary only for steel TaC powders of commercial and c) 24 hours in the conventional ball mill mixing the pure steel milled for 5 hours in the planetary mill with 3% TaC commercial. Each of the resulting particulate samples were cold compacted under a uniaxial pressure of 600MPa, on a cylindrical matrix of 5 mm diameter. Subsequently, the compressed were sintered in a vacuum furnace at temperatures of 1150 to 1250 ° C with an increment of 20 ° C and 10 ° C per minute and maintained at these isotherms for 30, 60 and 120 minutes and cooled to room temperature. The distribution, size and dispersion of steel and composite particles were determined by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy followed by chemical analysis (EDS). The structures of the sintered bodies were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron accompanied by EDS beyond the x-ray diffraction. Initial studies sintering the obtained steel EUROFER 97 a positive reply in relation to improvement of the mechanical properties independent of the processing, because it is obtained with sintered microhardness values close to and even greater than 100% of the value obtained for the HV 333.2 pure steel as received in the form of a bar

Efeito da adição do poli(etileno acrilato de metila) (ema) e da fibra de linter de algodão nas propriedades do poli(tereftalato de etileno) reciclado (petrec)

The development of new materials to fill the demand of technological advances is a challenge for many researchers around the world. Strategies such as making blends and composites are promising alternatives to produce materials with different properties from those found in conventional polymers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of adding the copolymer poly(ethylene methyl acrylate) (EMA) and cotton linter fibers (LB) on the properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETrec) by the development of PETrec/EMA blend and PETrec/EMA/LB blend composite. In order to improve the properties of these materials were added as compatibilizers: Ethylene - methyl acrylate - glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EMA-GMA) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MA). The samples were produced using a single screw extruder and then injection molded. The obtained materials were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), melt flow index (MFI) mensurements, torque rheometry, pycnometry to determinate the density, tensile testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rheological results showed that the addition of the EMA copolymer increased the viscosity of the blend and LB reduces the viscosity of the blend composite. SEM analysis of the binary blend showed poor interfacial adhesion between the PETrec matrix and the EMA dispersed phase, as well as the blend composite of PETrec/EMA/LB also observed low adhesion with the LB fiber. The tensile tests showed that the increase of EMA percentage decreased the tensile strength and the Young s modulus, also lower EMA percentage samples had increased the elongation at break. The blend composite showed an increase in the tensile strength and in the Young`s modulus, and a decrease in the elongation at break. The blend formulations with lower EMA percentages showed better mechanical properties that agree with the particle size analysis which showed that these formulations presented a smaller diameter of the dispersed phase. The blend composite mechanical tests showed that this material is stronger and stiffer than the blend PETrec/EMA, whose properties have been reduced due to the presence of EMA rubbery phase. The use of EMA-GMA was effective in reducing the particle size of the EMA dispersed phase in the PETrec/EMA blend and PE-g-MA showed evidences of reaction with LB and physical mixture with the EMA

Desenvolvimento de bioblendas poliméricas a partir de gelatina bovina e de tilápia com amido de milho

The natural raw materials acquired special importance beside the mineral raw materials with the need for using alternative sources to oil, because they can be used to produce biopolymers. Gelatin, produced from the denaturation of collagen, and starch, an abundant polysaccharide in various plants, are examples of biopolymers which have several technological applications, especially in films. The objective of this work is to produce polymeric bioblends with gelatin and corn starch using two types of gelatin: commercial bovine gelatin and gelatin produced from mechanically separated flesh of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). For the extraction of tilapia gelatin 3 distinct pretreatments, followed by extraction in distilled water under heating were performed. The properties of gelatin extracted were similar to bovine gelatin, and the differences can be explained by the difference in extraction processes and sources. Blends of commercial gelatin and starch were produced in an internal mixer from a Haake torque rheometer, to study the behavior of the gelatin mixture with starch, thus, the same compositions were processed by twin screw extrusion, to define the mixing parameters. Subsequently, the extrusion of blends of tilapia gelatin and corn starch was carried out in the same twin screw extruder. The physico-chemical, rheological and morphological properties of the blends with thermoplastic starch and gelatin were studied. It was found that various properties vary linearly with increasing concentration of the components. The blends produced are immiscible, and among the two gelatins, tilapia gelatin showed a better interfacial adhesion with the corn starch. Regarding the morphology, gelatins formed the dispersed phase in all compositions studied, even in compositions rich in starch. Can be concluded that the procedure for tilapia gelatin extraction is feasible and advantageous, and the increasing in its scale to a reactor of 30 liters is possible, with a satisfactory yield. The bioblends of bovine gelatin/corn starch and tilapia gelatin/corn starch were successfully produced, and the processing conditions were appropriate

Procedimientos legales y técnicos para licitaciones públicas en la mediana empresa.

En la actualidad las PYMES enfrentan problemas sobre aspectos legales y técnicos en procesos de licitación ante la administración pública, y la baja participación en las licitaciones se debe a la falta de conocimiento legal y técnico en este tipo de procesos, lo que permite que se tenga como objetivo el diseño de un manual, esto para fortalecer la aplicación adecuada de las medianas empresas con el fin de que puedan someterse a los procesos licitatorios. Para la recolección de la información relacionada al problema de investigación, se diseñó un cuestionario con interrogantes de forma sencilla, clara y precisa, procesando y tabulando la información de forma mecanizada, obteniendo como resultado, una serie de valoraciones respecto a la participación de las medianas empresas en las licitaciones públicas, y el esfuerzo que éstas hacen en dichos procesos, a la vez de no tener el suficiente conocimiento y la no capacitación continua, se propone un “Manual que contenga una serie de procedimientos legales, técnicos, y generales con aspectos mínimos que deben conocer las empresas, basados en la Ley de Adquisiciones y Contrataciones de La Administración Pública (LACAP) y su reglamento; y otra normativa vigente, que les servirá como herramienta de consulta y guía para orientarse en las diferentes etapas que comprenden los procesos de licitación, ya que al momento existe información dispersa y sin clasificar, la cual debe ser integrada y de fácil obtención para aquellas empresas que desean someterse en procesos de licitación. Concluyendo que existe un alto porcentaje de empresas que no participan en Licitaciones ante la Administración Pública, esto debido a la inexperiencia, y tomando en cuenta que el personal encargado de preparar la licitación no posee integralmente los conocimientos legales y técnicos adecuados, recomendando que las medianas empresas dentro de la selección de personal debe contratar elementos idóneos, o capacitar a sus empleados de forma continua para poder competir ante el ente gubernamental.

Orientación para la superación de obstáculos legales aduaneros aplicado en las PYMES exportadoras.

Ante la problemática observada sobre la superación de obstáculos legales que afrontan las PYMES exportadoras para el cumplimiento de la normativa aduanera, y como respuesta a la necesidad de determinar cuáles son las principales causas que la originan. Se efectuó esta investigación que tiene por objetivo contribuir a la necesidad que tienen las PYMES exportadoras, para el cumplimiento de las obligaciones aduaneras, proporcionándoles los principales lineamientos con base a las leyes vigentes que regulan las exportaciones. En tal sentido el objetivo final es contribuir a orientar sobre los procedimientos de exportación de acuerdo a la legislación aduanera y normativa técnica que ayude a garantizar el fiel cumplimiento de los requerimientos legales para exportar; la investigación se desarrolló bajo el enfoque metodológico hipotético deductivo, empleando un estudio de tipo analítico explicativo. Que mediante técnicas e instrumentos como el cuestionario, el muestreo, la encuesta, entrevista y resume bibliográfico permitió determinar las conclusiones siguientes: Aun cuando los propietarios de las empresas PYMES tomen la iniciativa para desarrollar actividades de exportación, se demostró que poseen poco conocimiento sobre los proceso de exportación, así como deficiencia del cumplimiento de la normativa técnica y legal aduanera. En ese sentido, se concluyó que, al no contar con orientaciones sobre la normativa aduanera para exportar se impide el apropiado desarrollo de esta actividad del sector PYMES. Se determinó, además, que las tres principales causas de la deficiencia en los procesos de exportación son: primeramente Normativa amplia, compleja y dispersa, en segundo lugar limitado acceso al financiamiento y por último escasos recursos tecnológicos. Partiendo de esto se recomienda a las PYMES que busquen mecanismos de acceso a la información sobre oportunidades de exportación y en el acceso a servicios especializados de apoyo para aprovechar estas oportunidades comerciales que permitan el éxito de las exportaciones. Por lo tanto se sugiere tomar en consideración la propuesta planteada a fin que pueda contribuir a la solución de la problemática.

Comb-like acrylic-based polymer latexes containing nano-sized crystalline or liquid crystalline domains

306 p.

Fouling in emulsion polymerization reactors

160 p.

A influência dos patrocinadores nas estruturas organizacionais de comunidades de software livre

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, 2016.

O Impacto dos Grandes Sismos em Portugal

Furacões, Tornados, Sismos, Cheias, Secas, Erupções Vulcânicas, Tsunamis, entre outros, são fenómenos naturais que fazem parte do quotidiano do nosso planeta. Todos eles tem capacidade para devastarem repentinamente qualquer zona do planeta, deixando clara a nossa vulnerabilidade e fragilidade perante estes eventos extremos. É uma vulnerabilidade que em cada ano responde por milhares de mortos, feridos, desaparecidos e desalojados que em cada ano afetam a humanidade e destroem as economias e meios de subsistência. Há que sublinhar que, nas últimas décadas, milhões de pessoas perderam a vida em consequência destes desastres e o quadro tende a agravar-se como indicam as estimativas das Nações Unidas que apontam para que, nos próximos anos, estas catástrofes provoquem, perdas médias anuais, de 100.000 vidas e custos de 250.000 milhões de euros. Os sismos exercem claramente um impacto de grande gravidade, a curto e longo prazo, na vida económica e social das regiões. Os seus efeitos adversos afectam as infra-estruturas, a economia, o património material, natural e cultural, o ambiente e o turismo. Por outras palavras, os sismos têm um impacto negativo global na coesão económica e social das regiões. Em Portugal continental, a sismicidade histórica e instrumental revela-nos a existência de eventos geradores de destruição no território nacional. É uma sismicidade dispersa, reveladora da atividade de algumas das falhas cartografadas. É na região a sudoeste do Cabo de S. Vicente, entre o Banco de Gorringe e a costa oeste Portuguesa que se encontra uma das zonas sismogénicas mais ativas.

Do exercício da medicina: «dos médicos escravos para escravos e (dos) médicos livres para os homens livres»

Análise da relação entre o médico e o paciente seja por via dos princípios gerais disciplinares, seja pela análise concreta da viabilidade da autodeterminação para afirmar as linhas de uma legislação dispersa, seja para ultrapassar as vulnerabilidades do paciente. Análise de dois mecanismos regulamentares concretos: o SIGIC e «Cirurgia segura salva vidas».