1000 resultados para Centros de saúde


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A Gestão, como arte e experiência, tem sido infelizmente pouco solicitada para participar activamente no crucial e urgente processo de regeneração e reversão do Sistema Nacional de Saúde em Portugal. Perante a prevalência notória da perspectiva macroeconómica da economia da saúde, a gestão tem-se remetido quase ao serviço mínimo de repositório e subserviente cumpridor da norma emanada dos diversos e diversificados poderes da saúde, nomeadamente os político e burocrático. Sem querer com isto pretender ter encontrado a panaceia para a intervenção no processo, julga-se que sem um forte contributo da gestão jamais se atingirá o objectivo pretendido de flexão no andamento notoriamente negativo dos últimos anos. E isso passa por dois aspectos cruciais inerentes às organizações de saúde: acreditar verdadeiramente nas competências detidas pelas suas lideranças intermédias e apostar na respectiva delegação de poder e decisão. A contrapartida para isso será um sério, genuíno, forte, diferenciado e negociado processo de contratualização interna e avaliação de desempenho em excelência das unidades, serviços e centros nucleares da estrutura, em que de uma vez por todas se arrede a tradicional e já demonstradamente prejudicial posição negocial leonina dos diversos centralismos da saúde em Portugal.

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O estudo descreve, analisa e discute o manejo odontológico do paciente com insuficiência renal crônica, em hemodiálise, no método clínico de intervenção, em uma perspectiva de saúde pública. Trabalhou-se com o conceito ampliado de cura, resolutividade e integralidade enquanto construtores da excelência do método clínico de intervenção. A discussão se faz através dos seguintes eixos: o doente renal crônico, as dificuldades no seu manejo quanto ao tratamento curativo/reabilitador, a construção da consciência sanitária, bem como a aproximação da teoria da Reforma Sanitária brasileira à prática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Abordou-se a excelência do método clínico, para este grupo populacional específico, como uma das formas de contribuição para a implementação e implantação do S.U.S. democrático oriundo da Reforma Sanitária brasileira. Conclui-se que para o conceito ampliado de cura e formação da consciência sanitária é preciso trabalhar com o paciente sujeito, enquanto doente renal crônico, assumindo que esta é a identidade social do paciente, o que lhe confere o status de grupo populacional específico. O auto-cuidado e o tratamento odontológico adquirem sentido quando vinculados à doença renal crônica e, em especial, ao transplante renal. Trabalhar de forma resolutiva foi uma condição "sine qua non", sendo que a resolutividade, inclusive com reabilitação protética, foi uma mediação para o auto-cuidado. Sugere-se trabalhar com a otimização dos tempos clínicos objetivando a alta e a constituição de centros de referência clínica para este grupo específico da população, com trabalho multi e interdisciplinar.

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Actualmente, as quedas e as consequências destas na população idosa constituem um problema de saúde pública de grande impacto social e económico enfrentado por todos os países em que ocorre um expressivo envelhecimento populacional. O estudo teve como objectivo determinar o risco de quedas nos idosos que frequentam os centros comunitários e ginásios do Funchal. Foi realizado com uma amostra constituída por 151 pessoas idosas seleccionadas aleatoriamente dos centros comunitários e ginásios do Funchal. Para recolha de dados utilizou-se um questionário sóciodemográfico, o teste de Tinetti para avaliar o equilíbrio e a escala do Falls Eficacy Scale – FES para avaliar o medo de cair. A análise estatística dos dados foi feita por intermédio de estatística descritiva, inferencial e correlacional. Resultados: Os idosos apresentaram múltiplos factores de risco de quedas entre os quais, debilidades ao nível do equilíbrio e da mobilidade, antecedentes de queda, polimedicação e polipatologias. Cerca de 15,9% dos idosos apresentaram risco de quedas baixo, 47,7% risco moderado e 36,4% risco alto. Não se identificou medo de cair nos idosos da amostra. Encontrou-se uma correlação significativa entre o equilíbrio e o medo de cair. As variáveis idade, história anterior de queda e polimedicação demonstraram influenciar negativa e significativamente o equilíbrio e o medo de cair. A prática de exercício físico demonstrou influenciar de forma positiva e significativa o equilibro e o medo de cair. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram a necessidade de um programa de intervenção ao nível da prevenção de quedas na população dos centros comunitários e ginásios do Funchal que contribua para a redução dos índices de quedas e para um envelhecimento activo numa população com expectativa de viver cada vez mais. Consideramos o presente estudo como ponto de partida e de reflexão para futuras investigações neste âmbito na Região Autónoma da Madeira.

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O crescimento exponencial das áreas urbanas e o desenvolvimento económico trouxe rápidas mudanças no estilo de vida, especialmente na alimentação e na actividade física das pessoas, que influenciaram o estado nutricional e consequentemente a saúde. O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar o perfil nutricional das pessoas que frequentam os Centros Comunitários do Funchal. Foi um estudo quantitativo com uma amostra aleatória de 132 pessoas com 65 e mais anos. O protocolo incluiu um formulário com os dados sócio-demográficos e antropometria, o questionário Mini Nutritional Assessment e o Questionário de Baecke Modificado. No tratamento dos dados recorremos à análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. A Amostra foi predominantemente feminina (84,1%), com idade entre 65-88 anos ( =71,58 e s = ±5,31), casada/vivia maritalmente (43,9%) ou viúva (40,9%), com pouca escolaridade e rendimentos inferiores ao salário mínimo regional (74,23%). A maioria (81,1%) apresentou-se bem nutrida. Antropometricamente houve correlações, positiva da idade com o peso e negativa com o perímetro geminal e braquial. O maior perímetro geminal associou-se a maior rendimento. A maioria foi considerada “menos activa”. As mulheres realizaram mais actividades domésticas, o que se correlacionou com a idade. Nas actividades de tempos livres destacaram-se os solteiros, nas domésticas os que viviam com cônjuge / filho (s) e na actividade total os que tinham educação superior. Houve correlação positiva entre estado nutricional e actividades domésticas, desportivas e actividade total. Existiu correlação negativa entre perímetro da cintura e actividades domésticas, desportivas e actividade total. As mulheres apresentaram mais excesso de peso e risco elevado de doença do que os homens. Conclusão: A maioria dos idosos apresentava-se bem nutrida. Ao melhor estado nutricional equivaleram maiores actividades domésticas, actividades desportivas e actividade total e vice-versa; a maior perímetro da cintura menores actividades domésticas, actividades desportivas e actividade total e vice-versa. A maioria das mulheres revelou excesso de peso e risco elevado de doença. A homogeneidade da amostra permitiu identificação de apenas um perfil.

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O aumento da população idosa que tem acontecido nos últimos anos, conduziu ao surgimento de políticas sociais para proporcionar aos idosos bem-estar e qualidade de vida. Dessas medidas destacamos a criação de centros comunitários enquanto respostas sociais destinadas à população que no caso específico dos idosos, visam promover um envelhecimento activo e de qualidade. Objectivo: Determinar o nível de qualidade de vida dos idosos que frequentam os centros comunitários do Funchal. Método: Estudo realizado com uma amostra aleatória com 136 idosos. Seguiu-se uma linha de pesquisa quantitativa recorrendo-se à aplicação de um formulário cuja primeira parte destinou-se à recolha de dados sócio-demográficos e a segunda, à avaliação da qualidade de vida através do WHOQOL-Bref (escala de Qualidade de Vida da OMS, 1998, adaptada à população portuguesa por Canavarro et al., 2006). O WHOQOL-Bref foi pontuado de acordo com sua sintaxe, tendo-se passado posteriormente ao tratamento dos dados através da análise estatística descritiva, inferencial e correlacional. Considerou-se para as análises um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: A amostra foi preponderantemente feminina (86,0%), relativamente jovem e com pouca escolaridade. A maioria das pessoas idosas era viúva ou casada / vivia maritalmente, possuía rendimentos provenientes de pensões (94,1%), sendo uma percentagem elevada destes rendimentos inferior ao salário mínimo regional (66,3%). Os idosos apresentaram uma visão positiva da sua qualidade de vida, verificando-se melhor pontuação no domínio das relações sociais e pior no domínio físico. As variáveis sócio-demográficas, exceptuando a idade, demonstraram influência estatisticamente significativa nos quatro domínios. Estes, explicaram a qualidade de vida geral em 94,4%,sendo o maior contributo do domínio físico (31,6%). Conclusão: Os idosos dos centros comunitários do Funchal avaliaram positivamente a sua qualidade de vida, particularmente no domínio social. Todavia, concluiu-se que a qualidade de vida é inferior à da população portuguesa em geral, situação que carece em estudos futuros, de alguma atenção. Novas investigações são necessárias considerando a importância de continuar a promover a qualidade de vida na velhice.

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Objective: To evaluate the implementation of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Brazilian cities of the Northeast, expanding coverage, analyzing the progress, challenges and innovations. Methods: Multicentric Evaluation Research, Studies Baselines in urban centers, using as a case study method. Selected cases of Aracaju, being capital, advanced coverage with extended team, and Fortaleza, capital coverage incipient and minimal staff. In Fortaleza, purposive sample of 11 Units Primary (APS), 03 managers, 53 professionals and 109 users. In Aracaju, 09 units of APS, 02 managers, 36 professionals, and 90 users. Structured interviews for managers, and structured to professionals and users. Descriptive analysis focusing on the political and institutional dimensions, organization and comprehensive care. Results: There was consensus that the ESF is the preferred port users and acts as inducing changes in care. In the case of Fortaleza, the specificities were: care protocols and community activities aimed at chronic conditions (100%) , with greater participation of doctors and nurses (93%) ; conjunction with more complex services, but the teams reported difficulties with the examination center and experts, the long waits and poor access to local services were the main difficulties reported by users., As innovative practice, the therapeutic group of elderly caregivers mentioned by respondents; There was intersectoral initiatives and teams 87 % of users have participated in meetings about health problems. In the case of Aracaju, care protocols were directed to the lines of care and formulated locally, 85 % coverage of the population with FHS counterpart local financing; employees hired by public tender; 70 % of teams with expertise in public health center for continuing education acting; democratization in management; access technologies, welcoming and computerization in different integrated networks, and evaluation matrix. Conclusions: The ESF has promoted access to health care and inclusion of disadvantaged populations. Different perceptions and practices in the organization of care, with distinct trajectories of reorganization. In the case of Fortaleza, predominance of model programs valuing older, with evidence of advances in care practices and teamwork, but restricted to primary care practices and incipient in public policy perspective. In Aracaju, had network integration with technologies related to the family, in which the ESF is consolidated as public policy. It can be argued that the XII APS expanding coverage, exhibited efficacy, despite the challenges inherent to the different degrees of implementation

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Comprehending social representations of users relatives of Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) from Natal-RN, about their participation in the activities of these services, was the purpose of this study. The research instrument used was a semi-structured interview, led to 28 relatives of users of East and West CAPS II, East and North CAPS-ad, involved in the Relative Therapeutic Group, in Relative Meeting, in the Assembly of Users, Technicians and Relatives, according to the therapeutic schedule of each health services, between August to November 2007. Data obtained in family and users identification were characterized with the aid of charts and boards in absolute and/or percentage values. The discursive material from the guide from interviews was submitted to the informational resource ALCESTE (Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d'un Ensemble of Segments of Texte), and analyzed on the basis of the Theory of Social Representations and Central Nucleus Theory. Most of the relatives were women, married, aged over 50 years, who participated for more than two years in CAPS activities, and a coexistence of more than 11 years with the user. From the classification system of ALCESTE were selected categories, identified by: Category 1, Treatment Improvements and Expectations; Category 2, Living User Before and After; Category 3, Activities Relevance, Contradictions and Suggestions; Category 4, Guidelines -- Psychopharmacology and Medicalization; Category 5, Family Participation and Activities; and Category 6, Therapeutic Conditions Thanks, Tips and Vulnerability. The social representation of the family exists in the desire for change, identifying that we need to promote change by the continuity of therapeutic activities and overcome the detected inconsistencies, targeted by strengthening and by the stability of improvements in living and health conditions of users, experienced in CAPS treatment. The central nucleus had corresponded to positive changes in health and living conditions of users, and the peripheral elements were constituted by family conducts before and during treatment, and the expectations of changes in activities, especially in workshops. Despite this family participation be considered important, it still does not meet conditions to promote the inclusion of family, under an emancipating point of view, capable of causing in subject the hope for autonomy, initiative, individual and collective growths, a closer and active involvement in therapeutic activities, in workshops and discussions

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

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The public dental services in Brazil were limited, practically, to the basic care, so that the specialized services acted, up to 2002, no more than 3,5% of the total of clinical procedures. That lower offer reveals the difficulty of continuity of the attention, that is, the comprehensiveness in the assistance, particulary, the reference and counter-reference system. Brasil Sorridente search to supply those needs when proposing Speciality Dental's Centers(CEOs Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas, Brazil) to compose the services of average complexity. In 2005, Ministry of Health enabled the three CEOs of Natal, located in the North II, East and West Sanitary Districts. This investigation evaluated the implantation of these CEOs, as support of the family health care teams, in the perspective of organization of the services in assistencial nets in Natal/RN. It was a study of evaluation, with qualitative approach and some quantitative data as contribution. Dentists, users and managers were interviewed to identify and to understand their perceptions, relationships and experiences in the daily of the services. The conceptual base that orientated the investigation was the principle of comprehensiveness, in its operational sense of the hierarchization in health attention levels. The collection of data was done with documental research, direct observation and semi-structured interview. The analysis was accomplished by triangulation of the extracted content from the used techniques and sources of interviewed groups depositions, looking for theoretical-conceptual support in specific bibliography. The results pointed aspects that go away from the comprehensiveness like: low resolution of problems in the basic net; little valorization of the space in the health units; traditional models of access to health services, insufficient offer for some specialties, compromising the reference and counter-reference system; practices centered in procedures in the CEO; bureaucratic directions from basic care to the specialized service; disintegrated and disjointed system among levels of attention; disrespect to the municipal protocol. On the other hand, there is an approach of compreensiveness in situations like: increase of the access and covering in the Family Health Strategy (ESF Estratégia Saúde da Família, Brazil); larger approach between professional and user; tendency to the quantitative and qualitative growth of specialized actions; punctual initiatives of relationships among levels; existence of protocol to guide professionals

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The Specialized Dental Care Centers (CEO) were developed to provide specialized dental care to the population, given the accumulated needs of health since the past. They must operate as units of reference for the Oral Health Team of the Primary Care, complementing the dental procedures performed at this level of attention. This study aims to assess the performance of CEOs of the Grande Natal Health Region as a strategy of Secondary Care consolidation in oral health through users, dentists and managers. For this to try to identify factors about access, hosting and satisfaction with the service, the actions developed in these centers, integration between the CEOs and the Basic Health Units (UBS), considering the reference and counter reference. Data were collected through semi-structured interview, conducted in four CEOs, among 253 users, 31 dentists and 4 managers. It was submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and to content analysis by software ALCESTE 4.5. The results revealed that the specialties of prosthesis, endodontics and surgery were the most sought by 38.2%, 23.7% and 21.7% of respondents, respectively. It was noticed that among users aged 18 to 30 years-old the greatest demand is for the specialty of endodontics (44.4%) and over 50 years for prosthesis (76.4%). There is a weakness in the reference and counter reference between UBS and CEO, because part of users goes directly to the centers without going before to the Primary Care and the majority does not want to return to the dentist of Health Unit. Satisfaction with care was reported by 90.9% of users, because they resolved the problems needed and were welcomed by the team. But the delay in care was the main factor for not satisfaction. For most dentists, some users could solve their problems completely in Primary Care, which shows the existence of unnecessary referrals to the CEOs, however they consider the existence of limiting factors in UBS that compromise the service. Most dentists revealed that some users do not get to CEOs with the basic dental treatment done, and some of them do not counter reference users. It can be concluded that the studied CEOs are being resolutive for those who access them, offering necessary care for the population, and if they don t account with this service, will encounter obstacles to resolution of problems, ranging seek care service in particular, in another public sector, or even giving up treatment. However, it is perceived the need of professionals training to understand the importance of the reference and counter reference, to that they can better serve and guide users. It is also important that cities offer better conditions to UBS and CEOs, so they can work together, with complementary actions of oral health, seeking full care, aiming for better resolution to the users' health problems

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Aim: To evaluate user satisfaction and quality of prosthetic treatments performed in specialized dental clinics (CEOs) of Natal Metropolitan Region - RN. Methods: Cross-sectional study with subjects who underwent prosthetic CEOs in the cities of Natal, Macaíba, Parnamirim and Sao Goncalo do Amarante in the period 2007 to 2009. Data collection was performed by questionnaire, clinical examination of the oral cavity and examination of fabricated denture. This analysis involved the following aspects: retention, stability, aesthetics and prosthesis fixation. The variables are presented by means of absolute numbers and proportions. The determination of the association between the independent and dependent variables was conducted by the association of Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results: A total of 149 users, totaling 233 conventional dentures (148 upper and 85 lower). Most patients (56.4%) were rehabilitated with conventional complete dentures. The technical quality of the denture was regarded as satisfactory in the majority (52.7%), whereas the inferior dentures were rated as unsatisfactory in 90.5% of cases. Satisfaction with the prosthesis was 69.1% (N = 103). The average time to begin treatment was 3 months to receive while the prosthesis was 4 months old. The presence of injury from the upper prosthesis occurred in 21.5% of cases (N = 32), candidiasis being the most frequent (N = 18). The technical quality of the upper prosthesis (p=0,041), as well as retention (p=0,002) and stability (p<0,001) were significantly associated with user satisfaction. Conclusions: The specialized Dental clinics has been fulfilling its role of providing treatment of intermediate complexity for low-income population with the majority of satisfield patients, even when their dentures have problems of technical quality

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Objective: To evaluate the degree of users satisfaction and technical quality of endodontic treatment in specialized dental clinics (CEO) of Grande Natal / RN between 2006 and 2008. Methodology: evaluated 282 endodontically treated teeth in CEOs through clinical and radiographic examinations. A questionnaire about the clinical condition of the tooth, evaluation of care and satisfaction with treatment was applied. Data on pre-and trans-operative were noted by the patient's clinical record. Endodontically treated teeth were examined by a specialist in endodontics, which compared with previous radiographs and current ones. The collected datas were presented descriptively by absolute numbers, percentages, averages. To determine the association between the independent and dependent variables was carried out through the bivariate association test Chi-square and Fisher exact test. Results: 79.8% presented with radiographic normal and 84.4% without pain symptoms. 8.2% of the teeth were fractured and 3.2% extracted. The persistence of the periapical lesion was associated with initial periapical status (p <0.05). 91.5% of patients are satisfied with the outcome of treatment. Such satisfaction is associated with absence of pain and an adequate esthetic tooth position (p <0.05). Conclusion: endodontic treatment in specialized dental clinics have an adequate technical quality, resulting in the success of endodontic therapy performed in these centers and that users are satisfied with the treatment