990 resultados para Brassica rapa L. var. oleifera subvar. annua
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Malaria is still one of the major diseases in the world, causing physical and economic problems in tropical regions. Artemisinin (Qinghaosu), a natural compound identified in Artemisia annua L. , is an effective drug mainly against cerebral malaria. The action of this drug is immediate and parasitaemia in the treatment of drug-resistant malaria is rapidily reduced, justifying the industrial production of artemisinin. This article focuses on the industrial production of this potent antimalarial drug, including strategies for enhancing yield using inexpensive and easy steps.
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The last decade has seen spirited debates about how resource availability affect the intensity of competition. This paper examines the effect that a dominant introduced species, Carrichtera annua, has upon the winter annual community in the arid chenopod shrublands of South Australia. Manipulative field experiments were conducted to assess plant community response to changing below-ground resource levels and to the manipulation of the density of C. annua. Changes in the density of C. annua had little effect on the abundance of all other species in the guild. Nutrient addition produced an increase in the biomass of the most abundant native species, Crassula colorata. An analysis of the root distribution of the main species suggested that the areas of soil resource capture of C. annua and C. colorata are largely segregated. Our results suggest that intraspecific competition may be stronger than interspecific competition, controlling the species responses to increased resource availability. The results are consistent with a two-phase resource dynamics systems, with pulses of high resource availability triggering growth, followed by pulses of stress. Smaller plants were nutrient limited under natural field conditions, suggesting that stress experienced during long interpulse phases may override competitive effects after short pulse phases. The observed differences in root system structure will determine when plants of a different species are experiencing a pulse or an interpulse phase. We suggest that the limitations to plant recruitment and growth are the product of a complex interplay between the length and intensity of the pulse of resource availability, the duration and severity of the interpulse periods, and biological characters of the species.
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INTRODUCTION: A treatment to the Alzheimer's disease consists inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for the acetylcholine control in the synapses. METHODS: We have investigated the potential of inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase produced by hexane extracts of leaves, branches, and flowers from three Bauhinia specimens, which is based on the technique of thin layer chromatography and on identifying the organ of the plant that possesses larger concentration of inhibitors. RESULTS: Retention factor analysis shows values of 0.31aA, 0.31aA, and 0.46aB for flowers B. variegata, B. var. candida, and B. ungulata, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The flower extract of B. ungulata is the most suitable for further studies on this inhibition.
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Amostras de repolho (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) de densidade de 20.833, 25.641, 37.037, 55.555 e 111.111 plantas/ha foram analisadas quanto aos teores de ácido ascórbico e carboidratos solveis. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre estes teores nas densidades de população utilizadas. O teor médio de ácido ascórbico foi 25,8 mg/100 g peso fresco. Os principais constituintes da fração carboidratos solveis foram sacarose, glucose e frutose, perfazendo acima de 80% do total. Os teores médios de carboidratos solveis, expressos em g/100 g de peso fresco foram os seguintes carboidratos solveis totais (4,60), sacarose (0,45), glucose (1,94) e frutose (1,83).
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Os teores de carboidratos solveis, glucose, frutose, sacarose e ácido ascórbico foram determinados em amostras de couve-flor (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), obtidas de tratamentos apresentando diversas densidades de plantais. O efeito do espaçamento não foi significativo para os dviersos constituintes analisados, embora o tratamento com 20.833 plantas/ha apresentasse maior teor de ácido ascórbico. O peso seco das amostras variou de 8,24 a 10,13% e ácido ascórbico de 93,1 a 113,5 mg/100 g de peso fresco. Os teores de carboidratos solveis, expressos em g/100 g de peso fresco foram: totais (3,17-4,54) sacarose (0,26-0,66), glucose (0,92-1,50) e frutose (0,91-145).
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Foi conduzido na Área Experimental do Setor de Horticultura, DAH-ESALQ, Piracicaba, um experimento sobre o uso de alguns herbicidas na cultura do repolho (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Os herbicidas testados foram Dacthal (DCPA), tenoran (cloroxuron), Afalon (linuron) e Ramrod (propacloro). O Dacthal e o Ramrod não foram fitotóxicos ao repolho; o Tenoran foi levemente fitotóxico e o Afalon, muito tóxico. Uma única aplicação de herbicida não foi suficiente para o controle das plantas daninhas até o final da cultura.
Resumo:
Foi conduzido na Área Experimental do Setor de Horticultura, DAH-ESALQ, Piracicaba, um experimento sobre o uso de alguns herbicidas na cultura da couve-flor (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). Os herbicidas foram Dacthal (DCPA), Tenoran (cloroxuron), Afalon (linuron) e Ramrod (propacloro). O Dacthal, Ramrod, e o Tenoran não foram fitotóxicos à couve-flor, enquanto que o Afalon foi muito fitotóxico. O herbicida que melhor resultado apresentou para a couve-flor foi o Ramrod.
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Sintomas de deficiência de macronutrientes foram induzidos na soja, var. IAC-2. Foi verificado o efeito da omissão de N, R, K, Ca, Mg e S no crescimento, produção e composição mineral das folhas.
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A absorção do cálcio e do fósforo por raízes destacadas da soja var. IAC-2 foi estudada com ajuda de traçadores. Foram verificados os efeitos da concentração iônica externa do tempo, do pH, da temperatura, da aeração e de venenos respiratórios. Os dados sugerem que a absorção do cálcio tenha se dado passivamente, sendo ativa a do fósforo. A absorção cresceu com o pH e a temperatura. Os valores das constantes de Michaelis encontrados concordam com os da literatura.
Resumo:
Amostras de couve-flor (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) foram armazenadas à temperatura ambiente, a 5°C (geladeira) e a - 20°C (congelador) e foram feitas as análises para ácido ascórbico. O teor de ácido ascórbico não variou durante o período de resfriamento e as amostras de couve-flor congelada mostrou uma redução de 50% durante 12 dias de armazenamento. Amostras colocadas à temperatura ambiente apresentaram um pequeno aumento até os 3 dias. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tipos de embalagens usadas (garrafa de vidro, sacos plsticos e folhas de alumínio) quanto ao teor de ácido ascórbico.
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Foram determinados produção de matéria seca de raízes, colmos e folhas e teores de P, Ca, Mg, K, Al, Mn e Fe de três cultivares de sorgo sacarino (Br500, Br602 e Ample-H-OK) crescendo em solo Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo Var. Laras, em presença e ausência de corretivos da acidez do solo (calcário e silicato). Ocorreram diferenças genotípicas na resposta aos corretivos. O melhor tratamento para a produção de matéria seca das folhas não foi necessariamente o melhor para a produção de matéria seca dos colmos. O calcário propiciou efeitos relativos melhores que o silicato na promoção do crescimento dos cultivares. O cultivar Br500 apresentou a melhor resposta ao calcário e Br602 ao silicato. A melhor produção de matéria seca de colmos do sorgo sacarino, proporcionado pela aplicação de corretivos, deveu-se principalmente à redução da saturação em alumínio e ao aumento da CTC efetiva, do Ca trocável e do pH do solo. O calcário promoveu a redução nos teores foliares de todos os elementos analisados, inclusive Al e Mn. O silicato acarretou aumentos nos teores de Ca, Mg, K, P e Al. Não foram constatados sintomas visuais de toxicidade de Mn nos níveis presentes, embora a produção de matéria seca total tenha sido afetada. Os cultivares foram afetados pelo Al trocável do solo na seguinte ordem decrescente: Ample-H-OK >Br602 > Br500.
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Artemisinin is the active antimalarial compound obtained from the leaves of Artemisia annua L. Artemisinin, and its semi-synthetic derivatives, are the main drugs used to treat multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (one of the human malaria parasite species). The in vitro susceptibility of P. falciparum K1 and 3d7 strains and field isolates from the state of Amazonas, Brazil, to A. annua infusions (5 g dry leaves in 1 L of boiling water) and the drug standards chloroquine, quinine and artemisinin were evaluated. The A. annua used was cultivated in three Amazon ecosystems (várzea, terra preta de índio and terra firme) and in the city of Paulnia, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Artemisinin levels in the A. annua leaves used were 0.90-1.13% (m/m). The concentration of artemisinin in the infusions was 40-46 mg/L. Field P. falciparum isolates were resistant to chloroquine and sensitive to quinine and artemisinin. The average 50% inhibition concentration values for A. annua infusions against field isolates were 0.11-0.14 μL/mL (these infusions exhibited artemisinin concentrations of 4.7-5.6 ng/mL) and were active in vitro against P. falciparum due to their artemisinin concentration. No synergistic effect was observed for artemisinin in the infusions.
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Host part selection by ovipositing females of Ascia monuste (Godart, 1919) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) on kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) was determined in greenhouse and field. Performance of offspring (larval period, efficiency of food utilization, number of eggs/female and others) was investigated under laboratory conditions. In the field, the number of A. monuste egg clutches on the apical and medium parts of kale leaves was greater than on the basal part. In greenhouse, A. monuste exhibited a strong preference for the apical part of kale leaves for ovipositing. The best results on food utilization indices, pupal mass and female wing size were obtained with the leaf apical part. This part of kale leaves exhibited the highest nitrogen and protein concentration and the smallest water content, when compared to the other leaf parts. However, the apical part of the leaves seems not to provide ovipositing females with enough protection against birds, making them easy preys in the field. We suggest that good relationship between oviposition preference and performance of offspring was hindered by predation in field conditions.
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We report a new set of nine primer pairs specifically developed for amplification of Brassica plastid SSR markers. The wide utility of these markers is demonstrated for haplotype identification and detection of polymorphism in B. napus, B. nigra, B. oleracea, B. rapa and in related genera Arabidopsis, Camelina, Raphanus and Sinapis. Eleven gene regions (ndhB-rps7 spacer, rbcL-accD spacer, rpl16 intron, rps16 intron, atpB-rbcL spacer, trnE-trnT spacer, trnL intron, trnL-trnF spacer, trnM-atpE spacer, trnR-rpoC2 spacer, ycf3-psaA spacer) were sequenced from a range of Brassica and related genera for SSR detection and primer design. Other sequences were obtained from GenBank/EMBL. Eight out of nine selected SSR loci showed polymorphism when amplified using the new primers and a combined analysis detected variation within and between Brassica species, with the number of alleles detected per locus ranging from 5 (loci MF-6, MF-1) to 11 (locus MF-7). The combined SSR data were used in a neighbour-joining analysis (SMM, D (DM) distances) to group the samples based on the presence and absence of alleles. The analysis was generally able to separate plastid types into taxon-specific groups. Multi-allelic haplotypes were plotted onto the neighbour joining tree. A total number of 28 haplotypes were detected and these differentiated 22 of the 41 accessions screened from all other accessions. None of these haplotypes was shared by more than one species and some were not characteristic of their predicted type. We interpret our results with respect to taxon differentiation, hybridisation and introgression patterns relating to the 'Triangle of U'.