Litogeoquímica, geocronologia (U-Pb) e geoquímica isotópica (Sr-Nd) dos granitoides do Domínio Cambuci (Faixa Ribeira) na região limítrofe dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo

Os granitoides do Domínio Cambuci, na região limítrofe entre os estados do Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo, foram separados em quatro principais grupos: (1) Complexo Serra da Bolívia (CSB) - Ortogranulitos e Ortognaisses Heterogêneos; Ortognaisse Cinza Foliado; e charnockitos da Região de Monte Verde (2) Leucogranitos/leucocharnockitos gnaissificados da Suíte São João do Paraíso (SSJP) (3) Granito Cinza Foliado (4) Leucogranito isotrópico. O CSB é caracterizado pelo magmatismo de caráter calcioalcalino do tipo I, oriundo em ambiente de arco vulcânico (Suíte Monte Verde) e retrabalhamento crustal (ortogranulitos leucocráticos). O Ortogranulito esverdeado fino, é considerado no presente estudo como rocha do embasamento para o Terreno Oriental, cristalizada durante o paleoproterozoico - Riaciano (2184,3 21 Ma) e recristalizada durante o evento metamórfico Brasiliano no neoproterozoico - Edicariano (607,2 1,5 Ma), cuja idade TDM é de 2936 Ma. O Ortogranulito leucocrático médio cristalizou-se no neoproterozoico Edicariano (entre 592 e 609 Ma) e idade TDM ca. 2100 Ma, ao qual apresenta registro de herança no paleoproterozoico. A Suíte Monte Verde caracteriza-se por um magmatismo calcioalcalino e a Suíte Córrego Fortaleza, por um magmatismo calcioalcalino de alto K, ambas com assinatura de arco magmático. Registram dois pulsos magmáticos, em no Neoproterozoico - Edicarano: um em 592 2 Ma, idade do charnoenderbito, com idade TDM 1797 Ma, e outro em 571,2 1,8 Ma (injeção de um charnockitoide). Para todas as rochas do CSB são registradas feições protomiloníticas, miloníticas e localmente ultramiloníticas. Os dados geoquímicos indicam que os granitoides da SSJP são da série calcioalcalina de alto K, gerados no Neoproterozoico (idades que variam desde 610,3 4,7 Ma até, 592,2 1,3 Ma. As idades TDM revelam valores discrepantes para duas amostras: 1918 Ma e 2415 Ma, sugerindo que tenham sido geradas de diferentes fontes. O Granito Cinza Foliado é da Série Shoshonítica, metaluminoso do tipo I e, de ambiência tectônica de granitos intraplaca. Entretanto, poderiam ter sido fomados em ambiente de arco cordilheirano, havendo contaminação de outras fontes crustais. Fato este pode ser confirmado pelas as idades TDM calculadas ≈ 1429 1446 Ma. O Leucogranito isotrópico ocorre em forma de diques de direção NW, possui textura maciça e é inequigranular. Dados geoquímicos revelam que são granitoides metaluminosos do tipo I da série shoshonítica, e, de acordo com a ambiência tectônica, são granitos intraplaca. O Leucogranito Isotrópico representa o magmatismo pós-colisional ao qual ocorreu entre 80 a 90 Ma de anos após o término do evento colisional na região central da Faixa Ribeira. O Leucogranito Issotrópico cristalizou-se no cambriano (512,3 3,3 Ma e 508,6 2,2 Ma) e com idades TDM ca. 1900

Robust airfoil design with respect to boundary layer transition

In order to disign an airfoil of which maximum lift coefficient (CL max) is not sensitive to location of forced top boundary layer transition. Taking maximizing mean value of CL max and minimizing standard deviation as biobjective, leading edge radius, manximum thickness and its location, maximum camber and its location as deterministic design variables, location of forced top boundary layer transition as stochastic variable, XFOIL as deterministic CFD solver, non-intrusive polynomial chaos as substitute of Monte Carlo method, we completed a robust airfoil design problem. Results demonstrate performance of initial airfoil is enhanced through reducing standard deviation of CL max. Besides, we also know maximum thickness has the most dominating effect on mean value of CL max, location of maximum thickness has the most dominating effect on standard deviation of CL max, maximum camber has a little effect on both mean value and standard deviation, and maximum camber is the only element of which increase can lead increase of mean value and standard deviation at the same time. Copyright © 2009 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

土石混合体细观结构力学及其边坡稳定性研究

Soil-rock mixture (S-RM) refers to one extremely uneven loose rock and soil materials system with certain stone content. Its formation has started since Quaternary and it is composed of block stone, fine grained soil and pore with certain project scale and high strength. S-RM has extensive distribution in nature, especially in southwest China where the geotectonic background is complicated, the fracture activity is developed and the geomorphological characteristics of high mountain and steep gorge area are protuberant. This kind of complicated geologic body has developed wider in these areas. S-RM has obvious difference with the general soil or rock (rock mass) in physical and mechanical properties because its two components-“soil” and “rock-block” has extreme differences in physical and mechanical properties. The proposition of S-RM and its deep research are needed in the modern engineering construction. It is also the necessity in the modern development of rock and soil mechanics. The dissertation starts from the meso-structural characteristics of soil-rock and takes a systematic research on its meso-structural mechanics, deformation and failure mechanism and the stability of S-RM slope. In summary, it achieves the following innovative results and conclusions. There are various views on the conception of S-RM and its classification system. Based on the large number of field tests, the dissertation makes the conception and classification of S-RM more systematic. It systematically proposed the conception of meso-structural mechanics of S-RM. Thus the dissertation has laid a foundation for its deep study. With the fast development of the computer technology and digital image processing theory, digital image processing technology has been successfully applied in many fields and provided reliable technology support for the quantitative description of the structural characteristics of S-RM. Based on the digital image processing technology, the dissertation systematically proposes and developed the quantitative analysis method and quantitative index for the meso-structure of S-RM. The results indicate that the meso-structure such as its internal soil-rock granularity composition, the soil-rock shape and the orientability has obvious self-organization in the macro statistical level. The dissertation makes a systematic research on the physical mechanical properties, deformation and failure mechanism of S-RM based on large field test. It proposes the field test for the underwater S-RM and deduces the 3D data analysis method of in-situ horizontal push-shear test. The result indicates that S-RM has significant phenomenon of shear dilatancy in the shearing process, and its dilatancy will be more obvious with the increased proportion of rock or the decreased confining pressure. The proportion of rock has great effect on the strength of S-RM and rock-block, especially the spatial position of particles with comparatively big size has great effect on the shape and spatial position of the sample shear zone. The dissertation makes some improvements in the single ring infiltration test equipment and its application on the permeability of S-RM. The results indicate that the increasing of rock-block would make it more difficult for the soil to fill in the vacuity between the rock-block and the proportion would increase which would result in the increased permeability coefficient. The dissertation builds the real meso-structural model of S-RM based on the digital image processing technology. By using geometric reconstruction technology, it transfers the structural mode represented by Binary image into CAD format, which makes it possible to introduce the present finite element analysis software to take research on numerical experimental investigation. It systematically realizes leaping research from the image，geometric mode, to meso-structural mechanics numerical experiment. By using this method, the dissertation takes large scale numerical direct-shear test on the section of S-RM. From the mesoscopic perspective, it reveals three extended modes about the shear failure plane of S-RM. Based on the real meso-structural model and by using the numerical simulation test, the character and mechanics of seepage failure of S-RM are studied. At the same time, it builds the real structural mode of the slope based on the analysis about the slope crosssection of S-RM. By using the strength reduction method, it takes the research on the stability of S-RM and gets great achievements. The three dimensional geometric reconstruction technology of rock block is proposed, which provides technical support for the reconstruction of the 3D meso-structural model of S-RM. For the first time, the dissertation builds the stochastic structure model of two-dimensional and three-dimensional polygons or polyhedron based on the stochastic simulation technique of monte carlo method. It breaks the traditional research which restricted to the random generation method of regular polygon and develops the relevant software system (R-SRM2D/3D) which has great effect on meso-structural mechanics of S-RM. Based on the R-SRM software system which randomly generates the meso-structural mode of S-RM according to the different meso-structural characteristics, the dissertation takes a series of research on numerical test of dual axis and real three-axis, systematically analyses the meso destroy system, the effects of meso-structural characteristics such as on the stone content, size composition and block directionality on the macro mechanical behavior and macro-permeability. Then it proposes the expression of the upper and lower limit for the macro-permeability coefficient of the inhomogeneous geomaterials, such as S-RM. By using the strength reduction FEM, the dissertation takes the research on the stability of the slope structural mode of the randomly formed S-RM. The results indicate that generally, the stability coefficient of S-RM slope increases with the increasing of stone content; on the condition of the same stone content, the stability coefficient of slope will be different with different size composition and the space position of large block at the internal slop has great effect on the stability. It suggests that meso-structural characteristics, especially the space position of large block should be considered when analyzing the stability of this kind of slope and strengthening design. Taking Xiazanri S-RM slope as an example, the dissertation proposes the fine modeling of complicated geologic body based on reverse engineering and the generation method of FLAC3D mode. It resolves the bottleneck problem about building the fine structural mode of three-dimensional geological body. By using FLAC3D, the dissertation takes research on the seepage field and the displacement field of Xiazanri S-RM slope in the process of reservoir water level rising and decreasing. By using strength reduction method, it analyses the three-dimension stability in the process of reservoir water level rising and decreasing. The results indicate that the slope stability firstly show downward trend in the process of reservoir water level rising and then rebound to increase; the sudden drawdown of reservoir water level has great effect on the slope stability and this effect will increase with the sudden drawdown amplitude rising. Based on the result of the rock block size analysis of S-RM, and using R-SRM2D the stochastic structure model of Xiazanri S-RM slope is built. By using strength reduction method, the stability of the stochastic structure model is analysis, the results shows that the stability factor increases significantly after considering the block.

Fermion bag approach to lattice field theories

We propose a new approach to the fermion sign problem in systems where there is a coupling U such that when it is infinite the fermions are paired into bosons, and there is no fermion permutation sign to worry about. We argue that as U becomes finite, fermions are liberated but are naturally confined to regions which we refer to as fermion bags. The fermion sign problem is then confined to these bags and may be solved using the determinantal trick. In the parameter regime where the fermion bags are small and their typical size does not grow with the system size, construction of Monte Carlo methods that are far more efficient than conventional algorithms should be possible. In the region where the fermion bags grow with system size, the fermion bag approach continues to provide an alternative approach to the problem but may lose its main advantage in terms of efficiency. The fermion bag approach also provides new insights and solutions to sign problems. A natural solution to the "silver blaze problem" also emerges. Using the three-dimensional massless lattice Thirring model as an example, we introduce the fermion bag approach and demonstrate some of these features. We compute the critical exponents at the quantum phase transition and find ν=0.87(2) and η=0.62(2). © 2010 The American Physical Society.

A SuperWASP search for additional transiting planets in 24 known systems

We present results from a search for additional transiting planets in 24 systems already known to contain a transiting planet. We model the transits due to the known planet in each system and subtract these models from light curves obtained with the SuperWASP (Wide Angle Search for Planets) survey instruments. These residual light curves are then searched for evidence of additional periodic transit events. Although we do not find any evidence for additional planets in any of the planetary systems studied, we are able to characterize our ability to find such planets by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Artificially generated transit signals corresponding to planets with a range of sizes and orbital periods were injected into the SuperWASP photometry and the resulting light curves searched for planets. As a result, the detection efficiency as a function of both the radius and orbital period of any second planet is calculated. We determine that there is a good (>50 per cent) chance of detecting additional, Saturn-sized planets in P ~ 10 d orbits around planet-hosting stars that have several seasons of SuperWASP photometry. Additionally, we confirm previous evidence of the rotational stellar variability of WASP-10, and refine the period of rotation. We find that the period of the rotation is 11.91 +/- 0.05 d, and the false alarm probability for this period is extremely low (~10-13).

Sliding window two-thermocouple sensor characterization for variable flow environments

A two-thermocouple sensor characterization method for use in variable flow applications is proposed. Previous offline methods for constant velocity flow are extended using sliding data windows and polynomials to accommodate variable velocity. Analysis of Monte-Carlo simulation studies confirms that the unbiased and consistent parameter estimator outperforms alternatives in the literature and has the added advantage of not requiring a priori knowledge of the time constant ratio of thermocouples. Experimental results from a test rig are also presented. © 2008 The Institute of Measurement and Control.

Enhancing design space exploration by extending CPU/GPU specifications onto FPGAs

The design cycle for complex special-purpose computing systems is extremely costly and time-consuming. It involves a multiparametric design space exploration for optimization, followed by design verification. Designers of special purpose VLSI implementations often need to explore parameters, such as optimal bitwidth and data representation, through time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations. A prominent example of this simulation-based exploration process is the design of decoders for error correcting systems, such as the Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes adopted by modern communication standards, which involves thousands of Monte Carlo runs for each design point. Currently, high-performance computing offers a wide set of acceleration options that range from multicore CPUs to Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The exploitation of diverse target architectures is typically associated with developing multiple code versions, often using distinct programming paradigms. In this context, we evaluate the concept of retargeting a single OpenCL program to multiple platforms, thereby significantly reducing design time. A single OpenCL-based parallel kernel is used without modifications or code tuning on multicore CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs. We use SOpenCL (Silicon to OpenCL), a tool that automatically converts OpenCL kernels to RTL in order to introduce FPGAs as a potential platform to efficiently execute simulations coded in OpenCL. We use LDPC decoding simulations as a case study. Experimental results were obtained by testing a variety of regular and irregular LDPC codes that range from short/medium (e.g., 8,000 bit) to long length (e.g., 64,800 bit) DVB-S2 codes. We observe that, depending on the design parameters to be simulated, on the dimension and phase of the design, the GPU or FPGA may suit different purposes more conveniently, thus providing different acceleration factors over conventional multicore CPUs.

Desmonte de Maciços Rochosos: optimização da perfuração

Este trabalho pretende avaliar e melhorar o modo de execução da aplicação da técnica de perfuração, não comprometendo a jusante, no ciclo de operações, a qualidade do desmonte, visando assim, uma optimização técnico-económica. Este manuscrito irá centrar-se na optimização da etapa da perfuração, visando assim a optimização do ciclo total da perfuração. As tarefas realizadas numa pedreira constituem um ciclo de operações. Uma das operações envolvidas no desmonte de maciços rochosos é a perfuração. A forma como esta é executada é determinante para o sucesso do desmonte. O correcto dimensionamento dos acessórios de perfuração, afiação de bits, manutenção preventiva dos equipamentos de perfuração e a constante formação dos operadores fazem parte de um conjunto de acções que irão determinar o sucesso da operação de perfuração, tendo sempre em vista, uma optimização técnico-económica, ou seja, produzir mais a um custo mais baixo. O estudo dos parâmetros do maciço rochoso aliado a uma perfuração cuidadosa e alinhada é evidenciado com o intuito de uma abordagem de geoengenharia integrada dos maciços rochosos. O estudo foi realizado na pedreira da APS, S.A. (Pedreira de Monte Chãos), tendo como análise os dados desde o início do projecto até à data. Para fundamentar este estudo, aborda-se os parâmetros geológico-geotécnicos e geomecânicos do maciço remanescente, verificando assim as ferramentas de corte mais adequadas ao caso e averiguar a influência da afiação de bits, quer seja manual ou semiautomática, e de que forma a mesma irá influenciar nos rendimentos e vidas úteis obtidas, tendo como objectivo, melhorar o custo por metro de furação realizado.

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales, et de copies de pièces indiquées comme telles dans le dépouillement qui suit.

Contient : 1 Lettre de « RENEE DE FRANCE [duchesse de Ferrare]... à monseigneur Fumée, conseillier et maistre des requestes du roy... De Ferrare, le VIIe de may 1540 » ; 2 Lettre de GEORGES « DE SELVE, evesque de Lavaur... à madame... la duchesse de Chartres... De Venise, ce XVIIme de febvrier 1533 » ; 3 Lettre de « MARGUERITE [DE VALOIS]... royne de Navarre... à... monseigneur le comte de Vilars » ; 4 Ordonnance d'«HONORAT DE SAVOYE,... pour pourveoir aux abuz qui se commettent journellement sur le port des pacquestz et lettres de particuliers que aulcuns des chevaulcheurs et ceulx qui tiennent postes... reçoipvent et font courir en grand nombre pour leur plaisir... ne concernans aulcunement les affaires et service du roy... Donné à Montpellier, le troysme jour de novembre l'an mil V.C. cinquante » ; 5 Lettre de GEORGES « DE SELVE, evesque de Lavaur... à madame... la duchesse de Ferrare,... De Venise, ce IXme de septembre 1534 » ; 6 Lettre d'« ADRIANE D'ETOUTEVILLE,... à madame... la duchesse de Guise,... De Try, ce VIIe juing 1553 » ; 7 Lettre de « JAQUES [DE SAVOIE]..... à monseigneur Dugué,... Au camp devant Vulpian, ce XVIIIe septembre 1555 » ; 8 Lettre de GEORGES « DE SELVE, evesque de Lavaur... à madame... la duchesse de Ferrare,... De Venise, ce XXVIIme de septembre 1534 » ; 9 Lettre, en italien, d'«OCTAVIANUS DE CAMPOFRANCO » et du Conseil des Anciens de Gênes, en faveur des marchands génois. « Data Janue, die XXVIa maii M.D.XVI » ; 10 Lettre, en italien, de « GALEATIO VESCONTE,... al signore... Robertet,... In Luciera, a XXVIIII novembre 1521 » ; 11 Lettre, en italien, d'« ANTONIUS DE JOFFIS,... ad monsignore il thesorier Robertet,... Rome, die X decembris 1521 » ; 12 Lettres closes « de par le roy... [FRANÇOIS Ier]... à... Pierre Chaboulle, marchant demourant à Meaulx... Fevrier mil V.C. vingt sept ». Copie ; 13 « Lettre du duc de Brunsvich » [HENRI IV, dit le Jeune], signée : « Raince,... al' ill. Sor Filiberto, principe d'Orange,... Presso de Castellione di Cremonese, alli 16 de junio 1528 ». En italien ; 14 Lettre, en italien, de « ALFONSO DE ESTE » au roi François Ier. « Ferrariae, XX maii 1530 » ; 15 Lettre, en italien, de « RANCO » au roi François Ier. « Da Cremona, a li XIX di VIIbre nel M.D.XXX » ; 16 Lettre de « BENEDICTO DE NOBILI,... à madame... de Ferrare,... De Paris, ce dernier de novembre 1512 » ; 17 Lettre de « DODIEU [DE VELY]... à madame [Renée de France, duchesse de Ferrare]... Escript à Boullongne, ce XVIIe jour de janv[i]er 1533 » ; 18 Lettre des « consulz de la vile du Puy... à monseigneur le duc de Nemours,... Du Puy, ce XXVIIIe aoust 1545 » ; 19 Lettre de « M. FUMEE, RENE CHARION, GUEFFIER,... à madame [Renée de France, duchesse de Ferrare]... De Paris, le XIIIe jour d'octobre » ; 20 Lettre, en italien, de « HIERONYMO ROVERO,... Da Pral°, alli XXIIII di febraro M.D.LIII » ; 21 Lettre, en italien, de « ALFONSO DA ESTE,... all' illustrissimo... signor duca di Nemourse,... Di Ferrara, il primo di novembre 1554 » ; 22 Lettre de « NICOLAS DE LORRAINE [comte DE VAUDEMONT]... à... monseigneur le duc de Nemours,... De Nancy, ce IIIme may 1555 » ; 23 Lettre de « M. FUMEE, LE CLERC, GUEFFIER,... à madame [Renée de France], à Ferrare... De Paris, ce XXIIIIe jour de may 1555 » ; 24 « Coppie de l'arrest du compte general de Me Claude Haligre, de l'an V.C.LIII, duquel arrest et closture il est appellant... Faict le vingt ungiesme jour de juillet, l'an mil cinq cens cinquante cinq. Ainsi signez : M. Fumée, Le Clerc, Adam de Houdon, Jehan Baptiste Gondy, Gueffier, Debigny » ; 25 « Lettres du conseil », signées : « GUEFFIER,... à monseigneur... de Varennes, bailly et cappitaine de Gisors... De Paris, ce VIme jour d'aoust 1555 » ; 26 Lettre de « M. FUMEE, LE CLERC, JEHAN BATISTE GONDY, GUEFFIER,... à madame [Renée de France], à Ferrare... De Paris, le VIIe jour d'aoust 1555 » ; 27 « Minute de procuration » de « RENEE DE FRANCE ». 1555 ; 28 Lettre de « JAQUES DE SAVOYE,... De Talloueres, ce XVIme de mars 1561 » ; 29 Lettre de « NICOLAS DE LORRAINE,... à... monsieur... le duc de Nemours,... De Nomeny, ce XXIIme d'apvril 1556 » ; 30 « Dupplicata d'une lettre escripte à madame [Renée de France, duchesse de Ferrare]... De Paris, ce Ve may V.C.LVI, ainsy signé : M. FUMEE, A. FUMEE, N. LE CLERC et GUEFFIER » ; 31 Lettre de « JEHANNE DE SAVOYE,... à... monsieur de Nemours,... 1556 » ; 32 Lettre de « LUIGI DA ESTE,... all' ill... duca d'Anemors,... A XIX di ottobre del LVII. Di Ferrara » ; 33 « Lettres du conseil », signées : « M. FUMEE, PH. MARON, PECQUILLAULT,... à madame [Renée de France]... A Paris, ce XIIIIe fevrier, l'an mil cinq cens trente sept » ; 34 Lettre, en italien, de « ALFONSO DE ESTE,... all' ill... duca di Nemours,... Di Ferrara, il XXIIII de febrajo M.D.LVII » ; 35 Lettre, en italien, de « GIOVAN BATISTE GONDE,... all' ill... signora duchessa di Ferrara,... Di Parigi, li XXX di marzo M.D.LVII » ; 36 Lettre de « GIVRY,... à monsigneur... le duc de Nemours,... De Viterbe, ce 18 d'apvril 1557 » ; 37 Lettre du conseil duroi, signée : « M. FUMEE, A. FUMEE, N. LE CLERC, GUEFFIER,... à madame [Renée de France]... De Paris, ce cinqme jour de may V.C.LVI » ; 38 Lettre, en italien, de « GIOVAN BATISTE GONDE,... all' ill... signora duchessa di Ferrara,... Di Parigi, a 5 di maggio M.D.LVII » ; 39 « Lettre du conseil », signée : « M. FUMEE, N. LE CLERC, JEHAN BATISTE GONDE, GUEFFIER,... à madame [Renée de France]... De Paris, le XVme jour de may 1557 » ; 40 Lettre, en italien, d'« ALFONSO DE ESTE,... all' ill... duca de Nemours,... Di Ferrara, il XV di maggio del LVII » ; 41 Lettre, en italien, de « LUIGI DA ESTE,... all' ill...duca di Anemors... A XVI di maggio del LVII, di Ferrara » ; 42 Lettre, en italien, de « ALFONSO DE ESTE,... all' ill... duca di Nemours,... Di Modena, il III di giugno del LVII » ; 43 Lettre, en italien, de « GIOVAN BATISTA GONDE,... all' ill... signora duchessa di Ferrara,... Di Parigi, alli XIIII di giugno M.D.LVII » ; 44 Lettre du conseil du roi, signée : « M. FUMEE, N. LE CLERC, JEHAN BATISTE GONDE, GUEFFIER,... à madame [Renée de France]... De Paris, le XVIIIme jour de juing 1557 » ; 45 Lettre, en italien, de « JEHAN BATISTE GONDE » à Renée de France, duchesse de Ferrare. « Di Parigi, alli XX di giugnio M.D.LVII » ; 46 Lettre de « MARC HAULTREUE,... à madame [Renée de France]... De Lucerre, ce XXIIIIe jour de may 1544 » ; 47 Lettre de « JAQUES DE SAVOYE,... De Talloueres, ce XXVme de juing 1556 » ; 48 Lettre de « ADAM DE HOUDON, C. HALIGRE, BARTHELEMY, PECQUILLAULT », à Renée de France. « A Paris, le vingt sixiesme jour de may, l'an mil cinq cens quarente ung » ; 49 « Récépissé de MARC DE HAULTEREUE, maistre d'hostel de monseigneur le cardinal d'Armaignac,... A Breseil, le XXVIe jour de may, l'an mil V.C. quarente quatre » ; 50 Lettre de « GENLY,... à monseigneur... le duc de Nemors,... D'Ascoly, ce XVIe juillet 1557 » ; 51 Lettre de « JAQUES DE SAVOYE,... De Talloueres, ce XVIIme d'aoust 1556 » ; 52 Lettre, en italien, de « li priori del Monte Cassino... all' ill... duca di Nemors,... Dal Monte Cassino, il di XX di luglio del 57 » ; 53 Lettre de « NICOLAS DE LORRAINE,... [comte] DE VAUDEMONT,... à... monseigneur le duc de Nemours,... De Compiegne, le XXIIIIe jullet 1557 » ; 54 « Lettres du conseil », signées : « M. FUMEE, BARTHELEMY, PECQUILLAULT,... à madame [Renée de France]... A Paris, ce vingtcinqme jour de juillet, l'an mil cinq cens quarante et ung » ; 55 Lettre, en italien, de « GIOVAN BATISTE GONDE,... all' ill... duchessa di Ferrara,... Di Parigi, alli XXVIII d'agosto 1557 » ; 56 Lettre, en italien, de « GIOVAN BATISTE GONDE,... all' ill... duchessa di Ferrara,... Di Parigi, alli XXVIII d'agosto, M.D.LVII » ; 57 Lettre, en italien, du « principe Dyrrachiense, ANDREA ANGELO,... all' ill... duca di Nemur, il Sor Jacobo de Sabaudia,... Da Casa, a gli 3 settembre 1557 » ; 58 Lettre de « JAQUES DE SAVOYE,... De Paris, ce XXIIe septembre 1556 » ; 59 Lettre, en italien, de « GIOVAN BATISTE GONDE,... all' ill... duchessa di Ferrara,... Di Parigi, alli XXIIII d'ottobre M.D.LVII » ; 60 Lettre, en italien, de « GIOVAN BATISTE GONDE,... all' ill... duchessa di Ferrara,... Di Parigi, alli IIII di novembre M.D.LVII » ; 61 Lettre de « N. LE CLERC, ADAM DE HOUDON, JEHAN BATISTE GONDE, GUEFFIER,... à madame [Renée de France]... De Paris, le XXVe jour d'octobre V.C.LVI » ; 62 Lettre de « NICOLAS DE LORRAINE,... à... monsieur le duc de Nemours,... De Nommeni, ce XXVe octobre 1556 » ; 63 Lettre du conseil, signée : « M. FUMEE, JEHAN BATISTE GONDE,... à madame [Renée de France]... De Paris, ce XXIIme jour de decembre 1557 » ; 64 Lettre, en italien, de « GIOVAN BATISTE GONDE,... all' ill...[du] chessa di Ferrara,... Di Parigi, a 10 di dicembre M.D.LVII »

Thomas Millard - Captain's Appointment 1814

Document appointing Thomas Millard, Esquire to as "Captain of a Troop in the North Somerset Regiment Cavalry". The appointment is signed and declared "By the Right Honourable John Earl Poulett, Viscount, and Baron of Hinton Saint George of the most Ancient Order of the Thistle and Lord Lieutenant of the County of Somerset". Dated 1814

Receipt for York Buggy Wagon Paid for by S.D. Woodruff

Receipt for a York Buggy Wagon, fancy style bought from J.S. and E.A. Abbot of Concord, New York and paid for by S.D. Woodruff, Oct. 22, 1858.

Simulation-Based Finite and Large Sample Tests in Multivariate Regressions.

In the context of multivariate linear regression (MLR) models, it is well known that commonly employed asymptotic test criteria are seriously biased towards overrejection. In this paper, we propose a general method for constructing exact tests of possibly nonlinear hypotheses on the coefficients of MLR systems. For the case of uniform linear hypotheses, we present exact distributional invariance results concerning several standard test criteria. These include Wilks' likelihood ratio (LR) criterion as well as trace and maximum root criteria. The normality assumption is not necessary for most of the results to hold. Implications for inference are two-fold. First, invariance to nuisance parameters entails that the technique of Monte Carlo tests can be applied on all these statistics to obtain exact tests of uniform linear hypotheses. Second, the invariance property of the latter statistic is exploited to derive general nuisance-parameter-free bounds on the distribution of the LR statistic for arbitrary hypotheses. Even though it may be difficult to compute these bounds analytically, they can easily be simulated, hence yielding exact bounds Monte Carlo tests. Illustrative simulation experiments show that the bounds are sufficiently tight to provide conclusive results with a high probability. Our findings illustrate the value of the bounds as a tool to be used in conjunction with more traditional simulation-based test methods (e.g., the parametric bootstrap) which may be applied when the bounds are not conclusive.

Simulation-Based Finite-Sample Tests for Heteroskedasticity and ARCH Effects.

A wide range of tests for heteroskedasticity have been proposed in the econometric and statistics literature. Although a few exact homoskedasticity tests are available, the commonly employed procedures are quite generally based on asymptotic approximations which may not provide good size control in finite samples. There has been a number of recent studies that seek to improve the reliability of common heteroskedasticity tests using Edgeworth, Bartlett, jackknife and bootstrap methods. Yet the latter remain approximate. In this paper, we describe a solution to the problem of controlling the size of homoskedasticity tests in linear regression contexts. We study procedures based on the standard test statistics [e.g., the Goldfeld-Quandt, Glejser, Bartlett, Cochran, Hartley, Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey, White and Szroeter criteria] as well as tests for autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH-type models). We also suggest several extensions of the existing procedures (sup-type of combined test statistics) to allow for unknown breakpoints in the error variance. We exploit the technique of Monte Carlo tests to obtain provably exact p-values, for both the standard and the new tests suggested. We show that the MC test procedure conveniently solves the intractable null distribution problem, in particular those raised by the sup-type and combined test statistics as well as (when relevant) unidentified nuisance parameter problems under the null hypothesis. The method proposed works in exactly the same way with both Gaussian and non-Gaussian disturbance distributions [such as heavy-tailed or stable distributions]. The performance of the procedures is examined by simulation. The Monte Carlo experiments conducted focus on : (1) ARCH, GARCH, and ARCH-in-mean alternatives; (2) the case where the variance increases monotonically with : (i) one exogenous variable, and (ii) the mean of the dependent variable; (3) grouped heteroskedasticity; (4) breaks in variance at unknown points. We find that the proposed tests achieve perfect size control and have good power.

Exact Nonparametric Two-Sample Homogeneity Tests for Possibly Discrete Distributions.

In this paper, we study several tests for the equality of two unknown distributions. Two are based on empirical distribution functions, three others on nonparametric probability density estimates, and the last ones on differences between sample moments. We suggest controlling the size of such tests (under nonparametric assumptions) by using permutational versions of the tests jointly with the method of Monte Carlo tests properly adjusted to deal with discrete distributions. We also propose a combined test procedure, whose level is again perfectly controlled through the Monte Carlo test technique and has better power properties than the individual tests that are combined. Finally, in a simulation experiment, we show that the technique suggested provides perfect control of test size and that the new tests proposed can yield sizeable power improvements.

Simulation-Based Finite-Sample Normality Tests in Linear Regressions

In the literature on tests of normality, much concern has been expressed over the problems associated with residual-based procedures. Indeed, the specialized tables of critical points which are needed to perform the tests have been derived for the location-scale model; hence reliance on available significance points in the context of regression models may cause size distortions. We propose a general solution to the problem of controlling the size normality tests for the disturbances of standard linear regression, which is based on using the technique of Monte Carlo tests.