Project Summary Back

The project summary for Alphies Trough.

Back of Thistle

This view of Thistle from the northeast is taken from what is now the Jubilee Courtyard.

A phenomenological approach to understanding the psychological response to chronic low back pain

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a complex health problem of psychological manifestations not fully understood. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis, 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted to help understand the meaning of the lived experience of CLBP; focusing on the psychological response to pain and the role of depression, catastrophizing, fear-avoidance behavior, anxiety and somatization. Participants characterized CLBP as persistent tolerable low back pain (TLBP) interrupted by periods of intolerable low back pain (ILBP). ILBP contributed to recurring bouts of helplessness, depression, frustration with the medical system and increased fear based on the perceived consequences of anticipated recurrences, all of which were mediated by the uncertainty of such pain. During times of TLBP all participants pursued a permanent pain consciousness as they felt susceptible to experience a recurrence. As CLBP progressed, participants felt they were living with a weakness, became isolated from those without CLBP and integrated pain into their self-concept.

Second Welland Canal - Book 2, Survey Map 9 - Back Water Bodies in Thorold

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the Back Water bodies in Thorold Township. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. A number of trees along the shores presumably used in the measurements are labelled. Local area landmarks are also identified and include streets and roads(ex. Road to Beaverdams), Shriner's Dwelling Home, a barn, and the Back Water bodies. Properties and property owners of note are: Lots 27, 28, and 29, W. Bouck, D. Shriner, and Rev. T. B. Fuller.

Second Welland Canal - Book 3, Survey Map 3 - Vanalstines Creek and Back Water in Thorold

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the canal in Thorold Township near Port Robinson. Identified structures associated with the Canal include towing path. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks are also identified and include roads (ex. Road to Font Hill), bridges, Back Water, and Vanalstines Creek. Properties and property owners of note are: Lots 203, 204, and 205, John Coulter, and Samuel Hill.

Second Welland Canal - Book 3, Survey Map 4 - Back Water in Thorold

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the Back Water from the canal in Thorold Township near Port Robinson. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks are also identified and include the Back Water from the canal. Properties and property owners of note are: Lots 205 and 206, and McAlpine.

Back to Basics: Exploring gestural habits as cues for anticipating self-injurious episodes in a child with Autism and Deafness

This research project is a longitudinal qualitative case study. It contributes to an understanding of self-injurious behaviour (SIB) by inviting the reader through the narrative of the lived experience of a fifteen year old child-informant and the network of individuals in his life. The value and importance of a case-study is that it focuses on the authenticity of the experience of living with disability. Through the use of detailed field observations, interviews and photo documents, the study thoroughly explores three main areas: quality of movements, potential cues as pre-cursors to episodes of self-injury, and purposeful communication. The research begins with a review of literature on Autism, Deafness and Self-injury, formulates the research design and orientation of Physical Education, Phenomenology and Semiotics, and then systematically explores four distinct phases in the analytical process. The aim was to explore self-injurious episodes in the child informant in hopes to translate the meaning of the behaviour and potentially utilize this to provide more opportunities for adapted physical activity. The findings reveal distinct patterns of movement cues utilized for different purposes. The implications of the findings are self-injurious episodes in the child informant are preceded by distinct patterns of movement that are potentially communicative. Suggested future direction of the research is expanding the scope to other disabilities for which verbal communication is challenging, and standardizing the translating tools to assist in understanding the communication of movement.

Back to School, Back to Normal? Exploring the Lived Experiences of Childhood Cancer Survivors and their Families Throughout the School Re-Entry Process

This study investigated parent and child perspectives of childhood cancer survivors' return to school. Four specific areas were examined including cognitive and academic concerns, social issues, perceived support, and the impact on siblings. Participants consisted of parents and childhood cancer survivors who were recruited through a regional parent support group. Data was collected during a focus group and interviews. Using a descriptive content analysis, results indicated that participants generally received the necessary resources, however issues such as consistency and having to advocate in order to attain these resources served as barriers for the families.

Bringing Zombies Back to Life: An Autoethnographical Exploration of Alienation and Political Dis/Engagement in Emerging Adulthood Within Late-Stage Capitalism

In this thesis, by employing an autoethnographic methodology, I am exploring why certain understandings, or assemblages, of political engagement come to have greater meaning in my life and why other assemblages may be more hidden and thus fail to contribute substantially to the meaning of political in my life. Using immanent, Marxist and post-Marxist theories, as well as a zombie narrative, the study will contextualize the movement of assemblages in my life within late-stage capitalism which is juxtaposed with the zombie apocalypse. The placement and displacement of certain understandings of the political within my life will be theorized within the crisis of constituent power that is revealed in an immanent framework. Furthermore, the crisis of the constituent in late-stage capitalism creates new forms of radical alienation which will also be examined. By exploring my own struggles in becoming political I will theorize why political disengagement in emerging adulthood appears to be increasing, as well as possibilities for new forms of political engagement in a late-stage capitalist context.

Envelope with a laurel wreath containing the initials W.N. on the back side

Envelope with a laurel wreath containing the initials W.N. on the back side. The envelope has a 2 cent stamp on it, but it is not addressed, n.d.

Chart of station 2, crop sections of the old back ditch on the south side of the feeder, station 45, station 118 and the total length from the culvert to lot no. 5

Chart of station 2, crop sections of the old back ditch on the south side of the feeder, station 45, station 118 and the total length from the culvert to lot no. 5. This is signed by Fred Holmes, April 13, 1857.

The hoosier school master ; a story of back woods life to Indiana

UANL

‘Bringing the Middle Classes Back In’ An Egalitarian Case for (Truly) Universal Public Services

Some egalitarians argue against public services that are free for all, on the grounds that free access appears to primarily benefit the middle classes. I advocate, instead, the inclusion of the middle classes in public services, arguing that only truly universal intake of public services prevents the inegalitarian effects of economic segregation. Such universal participation in public services is achieved, partly, through subsidies for, and regulation of, privately produced services.

Modéliser le processus d’appropriation du feed-back en évaluation du potentiel pour en optimiser les retombées positives auprès des candidats

L’appropriation du feed-back a fait l’objet de plusieurs modèles théoriques en contexte d’évaluation de la performance, notamment par Ilgen, Fisher et Taylor (1979) qui suggèrent un modèle explicitant comment un feed-back en vient à susciter des changements comportementaux. Ce modèle a été repris dans divers domaines de recherche, sans pour autant être adapté en fonction du contexte spécifique dans lequel le feed-back était transmis. Cette thèse propose un modèle d’appropriation du feed-back inspiré des travaux d’Ilgen et al. (1979), mais reflétant les spécificités de l’évaluation du potentiel. Le modèle comporte trois étapes qui sont l’appropriation cognitive (composée de l’acceptation et de la conscientisation), l’intention d’agir dans le sens du feed-back et l’appropriation comportementale. La présente thèse se décompose en trois articles poursuivant les objectifs suivants : (1) Proposer un modèle théorique de l’appropriation du feed-back adapté au contexte de l’évaluation du potentiel. (2) Valider une mesure de l’appropriation cognitive combinant l’acceptation et la conscientisation. (3) Tester empiriquement le modèle d’appropriation du feed-back en contexte d’évaluation du potentiel. Le premier article vise d’abord à circonscrire les fondements de l’évaluation du potentiel et à définir l’appropriation du feed-back. Sur la base de ces informations, le modèle d’Ilgen et al. (1979) est ensuite revu et modifié. Les liens entre les différentes étapes du modèle sont subséquemment étayés par des théories et des études empiriques. L’article se conclue par une réflexion sur les retombées théoriques et pratiques du modèle revisité. L’objectif du second article consiste à développer et valider une mesure de l’appropriation cognitive incluant deux dimensions, à savoir l’acceptation et la conscientisation. Pour ce faire, deux études ont été menées auprès de candidats ayant reçu un feed-back suite à une évaluation du potentiel. Des analyses factorielles exploratoires (N = 111), puis des analyses factorielles confirmatoires (N = 178) ont été réalisées en ce sens. Chaque dimension de l’appropriation cognitive a également été mise en relation avec des variables critères afin de recueillir des éléments de preuve appuyant la validité de l’instrument. La majorité des indices obtenus confirment la présence des deux dimensions pressenties et des constats sont tirés sur la base de ces résultats. Le troisième article vise à vérifier empiriquement les liens anticipés entre les composantes du modèle d’appropriation du feed-back détaillé dans le premier article. Les deux premières étapes du modèle, soit l’appropriation cognitive et l’intention d’agir, ont été mesurées via un questionnaire complété immédiatement après le feed-back par 178 candidats. Ces derniers ont été sollicités trois mois plus tard afin de compléter un second questionnaire portant sur la dernière étape, l’appropriation comportementale, et 97 d’entre eux y ont répondu. Les résultats d’analyses par équations structurelles supportent le modèle et une discussion sur la portée de tels résultats s’en suit.

Back muscles activity and scoliosis in ataxic and dystrophic patients

To investigate the role of muscles in the development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), our group was initially interested in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) diseases where a muscular degeneration often leads to scoliosis. Few years ago the studies with those patients provided interesting results but were obtained only from few patients. To increase that number, the present project was initiated but recruitment of new DMD patients from Marie-Enfant hospital was found impossible. As an alternative, patients with Friedreich’s ataxia (FA) were recruited since they also suffer from a muscular deficiency which often induces a scoliosis. So, 4 FA patients and 4 healthy controls have been chosen to closely match the age, weight and body mass indexes (BMI) of the patients were enrolled in our experiments. As in the previous study, electromyography (EMG) activity of paraspinal muscles were recorded on each side of the spine during three types of contraction at 2 different maximum voluntary contractions (MVC). Moreover, the volume and skinfold thickness of these muscles were determined from ultrasound images (US) in order to facilitate the interpretation of EMG signals recorded on the skin surface. For the 3 FA right scoliotic patients, EMG activity was most of the time larger on the concave side of the deviation. The opposite was found for the 4th one (P4, left scoliosis, 32°) for whom EMG activity was larger on the convex side; it should however be noted that all his signals were of small amplitude. This was associated to a muscle weakness and a large skinfold thickness (12 mm) vs 7 mm for the 3 others. As for the paraspinal muscle volume, it was present on the convex side of P1, P3 and P4 and on the concave side for P2. As for skinfold thickness over this muscle, it was larger on the concave side for P1 and P2 and the opposite for P3 and P4. At the apex of each curve, the volume and skinfold thickness differences were the largest. Although the study covers only a small number of FA patients, the presence of larger EMG signals on the concave side of a spinal deformation is similar to pre-scoliotic DMD patients for whom the deformation is in its initial stage. It thus seems that our FA patients with more EMG activity on their concave side could see progression of their spinal deformation in the coming months in spite of their already important Cobb angle.