Ida County, June 30, 2002

County Audit Report

Isokinetic rotator muscles fatigue in glenohumeral joint instability before and after Latarjet surgery: a pilot prospective study.

We aimed to analyze the changes in isokinetic internal (IR) and external (ER) rotator muscles fatigue (a) in patients with non-operated recurrent anterior instability, and (b) before and after shoulder surgical stabilization with the Bristow-Latarjet procedure. Thirty-seven patients with non-operated unilateral recurrent anterior post-traumatic instability (NG) were compared with 12 healthy subjects [control group (CG)]. Twenty patients with operated recurrent anterior instability group (OG) underwent isokinetic evaluation before and 3, 6, and 21 months after Bristow-Latarjet surgery. IR and ER muscles strength was evaluated with Con-Trex® dynamometer, with subjects seated and at a 45° shoulder abduction angle in scapular plane. IR and ER muscle fatigue was determined after 10 concentric repetitions at 180° · s(-1) through the fatigue index, the percent decrease in performance (DP), and the slope of peak torque decrease. There were no differences in rotator muscles fatigue between NG and CG. In OG, 3 months post-surgery, IR DP of operated shoulder was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than presurgery and 6 and 21 months post-surgery. Rotator muscles fatigability was not associated with recurrent anterior instability. After surgical stabilization, there was a significantly higher IR fatigability in the operated shoulder 3 months post-surgery, followed by recovery evidenced 6 months post-surgery and long-term maintenance over 21 months.

Absenteísmo - doença na equipe de enfermagem: relação com a taxa de ocupação

Estudo de natureza quantitativa, descritiva, transversal, elaborado com o objetivo de analisar a quantidade e as causas de afastamentos por doença dos profissionais de enfermagem e sua relação com taxa de ocupação das unidades de internação de um hospital de ensino. A metodologia foi desenvolvida em duas etapas: caracterização demográfica dos profissionais e identificação e análise das ausências quanto à quantidade e tipos de afastamento por doença, aos diagnósticos médicos e à relação com a taxa de ocupação do Hospital. Os técnicos de enfermagem apresentaram a maior quantidade de licenças por doença. As doenças do sistema osteomuscular e do tecido conjuntivo representaram 4.957 dias (41,5%) de ausências e os transtornos mentais e comportamentais 3.393 dias (28,4%). O percentual mensal de licenças por doença foi inversamente proporcional à taxa de ocupação, sugerindo que os profissionais ausentaram-se por doença após terem sido submetidos a ritmos maiores de trabalho.

Shoulder strength imbalances as injury risk in handball.

This study was conducted to analyze whether internal (IR) and external (ER) rotator shoulder muscles weakness and/or imbalance collected through a preseason assessment could be predictors of subsequent shoulder injury during a season in handball players. In preseason, 16 female elite handball players (HPG) and 14 healthy female nonathletes (CG) underwent isokinetic IR and ER strength test with use of a Con-Trex® dynamometer in a seated position with 45° shoulder abduction in scapular plane, at 60, 120 and 240°/s in concentric and at 60°/s in eccentric, for both sides. An imbalanced muscular strength profile was determined using -statistically selected cut-offs from CG values. For HPG, all newly incurred shoulder injuries were reported during the season. There were significant differences between HPG and CG only for dominant eccentric IR strength, ER/IR ratio at 240°/s and for IRecc/ERcon ratio. In HPG, IR and ER strength was higher, and ER/IR ratios lower for dominant than for nondominant side. The relative risk was 2.57 (95%CI: 1.60-3.54; P<0.05) if handball players had an imbalanced muscular strength profile. In youth female handball players IR and ER muscle strength increases on the dominant side without ER/IR imbalances; and higher injury risk was associated with imbalanced muscular strength profile.

Adenosine A2B receptor-mediated leukemia inhibitory factor release from astrocytes protects cortical neurons against excitotoxicity.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) have been widely reported. In the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes are the major source for LIF, expression of which is enhanced following disturbances leading to neuronal damage. How astrocytic LIF expression is regulated, however, has remained an unanswered question. Since neuronal stress is associated with production of extracellular adenosine, we investigated whether LIF expression in astrocytes was mediated through adenosine receptor signaling. METHODS: Mouse cortical neuronal and astrocyte cultures from wild-type and adenosine A2B receptor knock-out animals, as well as adenosine receptor agonists/antagonists and various enzymatic inhibitors, were used to study LIF expression and release in astrocytes. When needed, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: We show here that glutamate-stressed cortical neurons induce LIF expression through activation of adenosine A2B receptor subtype in cultured astrocytes and require signaling of protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs: p38 and ERK1/2), and the nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB. Moreover, LIF concentration in the supernatant in response to 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide (NECA) stimulation was directly correlated to de novo protein synthesis, suggesting that LIF release did not occur through a regulated release pathway. Immunocytochemistry experiments show that LIF-containing vesicles co-localize with clathrin and Rab11, but not with pHogrin, Chromogranin (Cg)A and CgB, suggesting that LIF might be secreted through recycling endosomes. We further show that pre-treatment with supernatants from NECA-treated astrocytes increased survival of cultured cortical neurons against glutamate, which was absent when the supernatants were pre-treated with an anti-LIF neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine from glutamate-stressed neurons induces rapid LIF release in astrocytes. This rapid release of LIF promotes the survival of cortical neurons against excitotoxicity.

Radiopuhe 3.5.1951

Puhe

Estudo Químico e Biológico das Espécies Vegetais Caboverdianas Echium Hypertropicum Webb e Echium Stenosiphon Webb Subsp. Stenosiphon

Echium hypertropicum Webb e Echium stenosiphon Webb subsp. stenosiphon são arbustos endêmicos de Cabo Verde, usados na medicina popular para o tratamento de distúrbios gastrintestinais e tosse. As duas espécies tiveram suas frações alcalóidicas obtidas por extração ácido-base. A análise por CG-EM e ESI-EM/EM indicou a presença de alcaloides pirrolizidínicos (APs) e as substâncias purificadas foram analizadas por experimentos de RMN de 1D e 2D. Um total de 10 alcaloides foram isoladas e identificadas, sendo que 8 identificadas através da comparação de suas massas moleculares e padrões de fragmentação de massas, com a base de dados NIST e os dados da litratura para o género. Os diésteres hepatotóxicos equimidana e 7-(2-metilbutiril)-9-equimidinilretronecina foram identificadas em ambas as espécies. Os alcaloides 7-senecioilretronecina, 9-angeloilretronecina, licopsamina, 7-acetil-licopsamina e equihumilina foram identificados nas folhas de E. hypertropicum, enquanto que o N-óxido da 7-(2-metilbutiril)-9-equimidinilretronecina foi identificado nas folhas de E. stenosipnhon. A equimidina foi o componente majoritário na fração em éter dietílico das folhas de E. hypertropicum, enquanto a 7-(2-metilbutiril)-9-equimidinilretronecina foi o componente majoritário na fração em diclorometano das folhas de E. stenosiphon. O alcaloide 7-(2-metilbutiril)-9-equimidinilretronecina N-óxido foi identificado pela primeira vez no gênero Echium. Em adição, 22 componentes de óleo essencial foram identificadas nas flores de Echium hypertropicum, sendo trans-fitol (30,64 %), n-pentacosano (8,28 %) e n-tricosano (6,73) como componentes majoritários. O triterpeno friedelina foi também isolado das folhas de E. hypertropicum. Na avaliação da atividade antibacteriana, os extratos etanólicos das duas espécies vegetais e o alcaloide 7-(2-metilbutiril)-9-equimidinilretronecina foram capazes de inibir o crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 com CMI de 250,0 μg/mL e 25,0 μg/mL, respectivamente. A atividade anticolinesterásica foi avaliada e a equimidina foi capaz de inibir a enzima acetilcolinesterase nas concentrações testadas com o valor de P = 0,0011. O alcaloide 7-(2-metilbutiril)-9-equimidinilretronecina retardou o crescimento do fitófago Dysdercus peruvianus na concentração de 1mg/mL. Os extratos etanólicos de E. hypertropicum e E. stenosiphon (3,9 μg/mL) foram avaliados frente ao vírus HSV. O extrato etanólico de E. hypertropicum apresentou uma porcentagem de inibição (PI) de 27,5% contra HSV-1S e 43,8% contra HSV-2S. Apresentaram ainda elevada citotoxidade para as celulas Vero, utilizadas como sistema hospedeiro (CC50 de 140,10 μg/mL e 96,86 μg/mL). A composição química e as atividades biológicas de E. hypertropicum e E. stenosiphon subsp. stenosiphon foram relatadas pela primeira vez. As substâncias identificadas podem ser utilizadas no futuro como marcadores quimiotaxonômicos para o gênero Echium.

Genome-wide association study of major recurrent depression in the U.K. population.

OBJECTIVE: Studies of major depression in twins and families have shown moderate to high heritability, but extensive molecular studies have failed to identify susceptibility genes convincingly. To detect genetic variants contributing to major depression, the authors performed a genome-wide association study using 1,636 cases of depression ascertained in the U.K. and 1,594 comparison subjects screened negative for psychiatric disorders. METHOD: Cases were collected from 1) a case-control study of recurrent depression (the Depression Case Control [DeCC] study; N=1346), 2) an affected sibling pair linkage study of recurrent depression (probands from the Depression Network [DeNT] study; N=332), and 3) a pharmacogenetic study (the Genome-Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression [GENDEP] study; N=88). Depression cases and comparison subjects were genotyped at Centre National de Génotypage on the Illumina Human610-Quad BeadChip. After applying stringent quality control criteria for missing genotypes, departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and low minor allele frequency, the authors tested for association to depression using logistic regression, correcting for population ancestry. RESULTS: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BICC1 achieved suggestive evidence for association, which strengthened after imputation of ungenotyped markers, and in analysis of female depression cases. A meta-analysis of U.K. data with previously published results from studies in Munich and Lausanne showed some evidence for association near neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) on chromosome 3, but did not support findings at BICC1. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies several signals for association worthy of further investigation but, as in previous genome-wide studies, suggests that individual gene contributions to depression are likely to have only minor effects, and very large pooled analyses will be required to identify them.

Encuesta estructural de la pesquería artesanal del litoral peruano

Da a conocer los resultados de la encuesta aplicada en todo el litoral peruano (desde Puerto Pizarro - Tumbes hasta Morro Sama - Tacna) incluyendo 109 puertos, caletas y/o lugares de desembarque. Rescata como aspectos principales: la población total de pescadores, el total de embarcaciones artesanales, los tipos de artes y métodos de pesca, la infraestructura con que cuenta cada punto de desembarque y las principales áreas de pesca de la flota.

Social spending and demographics: The role of public policies in the intergenerational redistribution of income. Empirical evidence from Spain and Catalonia

The demographic shift underway in Southern Europe requires a revision of some of thefundamental principles of the traditional welfare state. We analyze the evolution of several aspects of welfare and social expenditure over the last two decades. We find that in the context of the present demographic changes and real estate boom current social and pension policy leads to a new distribution of benefits and burdens which is highly intergenerationally unequal. We argue for a revised definition of public policy based on Musgrave's proposition as a possible rule for an intergenerationally fair distribution.

Distribución, concentración y biomasa de anchoveta y otros recursos pelágicos en la primavera de 1997

Se trabajó entre Huacho y Chicama la distribución de los principales recursos pelágicos mostró que la anchoveta estaba replegada sobre la zona litoral con altos índices de agregación en diversas zonas. Similar comportamiento fue mostrado por la sardina y la caballa, aunque con índices de abundancia bastante menores. El jurel estuvo prácticamente ausente de la zona de estudio. Los estimados de biomasa de anchoveta fueron hechos acústicamente utilizando las nuevas relaciones de Fuerza de Blanco a 38 (2.000.789 t) y 120 (2.101.957 t). El estimado acústico de la biomasa sardina, jurel y caballa, para las cuales se utilizó la ecuación de Fuerza de Blanco del arenque del mar del norte, fueron de 146.645 t, 29.518 t y 198.639 t, respectivamente.

Neuropathies périphériques d'origine médicamenteuse [Drug-induced peripheral neuropathy].

Drug-induced peripheral neuropathies are common, secondary to multiple drug classes, in particular chemotherapeutic agents. They have an important impact on patients' quality of life. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the understanding of some pathophysiological mechanisms. The use of more objective assessment tools should allow the development of individualized and more effective therapeutic strategies.

Anomalías de los índices reproductivos de anchoveta Engraulis ringens en relación al ambiente

Con la finalidad de calcular el impacto de una condición cálida o fría sobre la reproducción de la anchoveta, se analiza el comportamiento de las anomalías de los índices reproductivos (Índice gonadosomático (IGS), Fracción desovante (FD), Índice del contenido graso (CG) y Factor de condición (FC) como una manera de visualizar el efecto del ambiente sobre la reproducción de los recursos, lo que se verá reflejado directamente en los índices reproductivos.