Basistests Suisse Sport Test Konzept: Validierung einer sportmotorischen Basistestbatterie für den Schul- und Nachwuchssport

Physical fitness can be evaluated in competitive and school sports with different field tests under different conditions and goals. To produce valid results, a field test must be practical and reach high standards of test criteria (objectivity, reliability, validity). The purpose of this study was to investigate the test criteria and the practicability of a group of field tests called «SUISSE Sport Test Konzept Basis Feldtestbatterie». For 20-m sprint, ventral trunk muscle test, standing long jump, 2-kg medicine ball shot, obstacle course and cooper-test, test quality and practicability were evaluated. 221 children and adolescents from competitive sports and different school levels took part in the study. According to school level, they were divided into 3 groups (P: 7–11.5 y, S1: 11.6–15.5 y, S2: 15.6–21.8 y). Objectivity was tested for time or distance measurement in all tests as well as for error rating in obstacle test. For reliability measurement, 162 subjects performed the field tests twice within a few weeks. For validity results of standing long jump were compared with counter movement jump performance on a force plate. Correlation analysis was performed and level of significance was set for p < 0.05. For accuracy standard error was calculated. All tests achieved sufficient to excellent objectiv - ity with correlation-coefficient (r) lying between 0.85 and 0.99. Reliability was very good (r = 0.84–0.97). In cooper- and trunk test, reliability was higher for athletes than for pupils (trunk test: r = 0.95 vs. r = 0.62, cooper-test: r = 0.90 vs. r = 0.78). In those tests the reliability decreases with increasing age (cooper-test: P: r = 0.84, S1: r = 0.69, S2: r = 0.52; trunk-test: P: r = 0.69, S1: r = 0.71; S2: r = 0.39). Validity for standing long jump was good (r = 0.75–0.86). The standard error of the mean was between 4–8%, with the exception for cooper-test (athletes: 6%, pupils: 11%) and trunk test (athletes: 14%, pupils: 46%). The results show that the evaluated group of field tests is a practicable, objective and reliable tool to determine physical skills in young athletes as well as in a scholar setting over a broad age range. Most of the tests achieved the test criteria with the grades good to excellent. The lower coefficient of reliability for cooper- and trunk test by the pupils could be explained by motivational problems in this setting. For up to 20 subjects, a tester can accomplish the tests within 3 h. Finally, age-dependent grades were elaborated

Altern in Würde. Das Konzept der Würde im vierten Lebensalter

Die Verwandlung von der weitgehend souveränen, selbstbestimmten und selbständigen Person zum intensiv abhängigen und sterbenden Menschen wird in der gerontologischen Kategorie des 'vierten Lebensalters' als lebensweltlich und biographisch integrierter Prozess verdeutlicht, der eigene Herausforderungen der Bewältigung bereithält. Die Notwendigkeit der normativen Reflexion dieses Prozesses zeigt sich besonders deutlich an der Problematik eines Würdeverständnisses, das in der Regel unhinterfragt mit den Vorstellungen von Selbstbestimmung und Souveränität verbunden oder gleichgesetzt wird. Der im interdisziplinären Gespräch zwischen Pflege, Medizin und Ethik angelegte Band fragt aus der Perspektive des 'vierten Lebensalters' nach den Konnotationen und Deutungen der Würdekategorie und damit nach den Voraussetzungen, Zielen und Orientierungsmassstäben für den Umgang mit Menschen und notwendige Entscheidungen in dieser Lebensphase, nach dem Konzept einer 'Würde im vierten Lebensalter', das im Kontext von Medizin- und Pflegeethik anwendbar ist.

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mē'ēt Šālôm B. ... Kôhēn