Surveys on time use and unpaid work in Latin America and the Caribbean: Experience to date and challenges for the future

Incluye bibliografía.

The Greek elections and the third bailout programme: Why it could work this time round. CEPS Commentary, 21 September 2015

Following the decisive victory won by the Syriza party in Greece’s general election on September 20th, this commentary explores the key question of whether the third bailout programme can work, where the previous two programmes failed. Whereas most observers argue that the third one cannot work because it merely represents a continuation of an approach that has manifestly failed, the authors argue that a closer inspection of the conditions today give grounds for cautious optimism.

Housework, paid work and psychiatric symptoms

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypothesis that work burden, the simultaneous engagement in paid work and unpaid family housework, is a potential risk factor for psychiatric symptoms among women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 460 women randomly selected from a poor area of the city of Salvador, Brazil. Women between 18 to 70 years old, who reported having a paid occupation or were involved in unpaid domestic activities for their families, were eligible. Work burden-related variables were defined as: a) double work shift, i.e., simultaneous engagement in a paid job plus unpaid housework; and b) daily working time. Psychiatric symptoms were collected through a validated questionnaire, the QMPA. RESULTS: Positive, statistically significant associations between high (>7 symptoms) QMPA scores and either double work shift (prevalence ratio -- PR=2.04, 95% confidence interval -- CI: 1.16, 2.29) or more than 10 hours of daily work time (PR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.96, 3.43) were found after adjustment for age, marital status and number of pre-school children. CONCLUSIONS: Major correlates of high QMPA scores are work burden variables. Being married or having pre-school children are also associated with high QMPA scores only when associated with work burden.

Gender asymmetries in family and work spheres: strategies and conflicts of qualified women working in portuguese state administration

In Portugal, feminine activity rate of working mother is high but remains structural asymmetries of responsibilities between women and men in familiar spheres. Based on quantitative and qualitative data results are presented that show that, in spite of a global feminization rate of 58,6%, women workers in State Administration remains with major responsibilities in familiar/private lives than men. Women in technical and leadership functions have the same patterns of familiar and domestic responsibilities but different patterns of work-time. Women in technical functions tend to have a strategy of work-family time balance, despite less career opportunities, while women in leadership functions adopt a supremacy of wok-time, just as men. Nevertheless, both women, in technical and leadership functions, feel a permanent conflict between career and family responsibilities, which is not felt by men. Gender roles define dominant models of work and family organisation which conduct to different professional strategies and career opportunities.

Plataforma de suporte à decisão médica para transplante de órgãos baseada em Business Intelligence

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica (área de especialização em Informática Médica)

Implementation of a unified userspace time handling library under the Linux OS

An appropriate assessment of end-to-end network performance presumes highly efficient time tracking and measurement with precise time control of the stopping and resuming of program operation. In this paper, a novel approach to solving the problems of highly efficient and precise time measurements on PC-platforms and on ARM-architectures is proposed. A new unified High Performance Timer and a corresponding software library offer a unified interface to the known time counters and automatically identify the fastest and most reliable time source, available in the user space of a computing system. The research is focused on developing an approach of unified time acquisition from the PC hardware and accordingly substituting the common way of getting the time value through Linux system calls. The presented approach provides a much faster means of obtaining the time values with a nanosecond precision than by using conventional means. Moreover, it is capable of handling the sequential time value, precise sleep functions and process resuming. This ability means the reduction of wasting computer resources during the execution of a sleeping process from 100% (busy-wait) to 1-1.5%, whereas the benefits of very accurate process resuming times on long waits are maintained.

Work capacity evaluation among nursing aides

Work force aging generates the need to develop studied with the purpose to evaluate work capacity. The objective of this study was to analyze the work capacity of the nursing aides of a public health institute. A cross-sectional study was developed on the work capacity of these professionals regarding their demographic, work and lifestyle characteristics (n=241). A univariate logistic regression analysis was performed with inadequate work capacity (score below 37) as the dependent variable. There was an association with age (the eldest), work time at the institution (the oldest), body mass index (obesity) and item 1 of the work capacities index: present work capacity. This information can be used to create preventive measures and restore work capacity.

Utilizing Near Field Communication in Health Care

In this master’s thesis, possibilities to utilize Near Field Communication (NFC) technology in health care applications are examined. NFC is a short-range wireless communication technology that enables the exchange of data between devices. Main components in NFC are tag, which contains data, a NFC reader device, which can be for instance embedded to mobile phone and also act as a tag, and an antennae in both tag and reader. In this work NFC technology is discussed and its utilization in health care information systems that are in use or in trial. Utilization of information technology in health care field is examined superficially. In this thesis, a system utilizing NFC is designed and its requirements and architecture presented. NFC is used in identification of care worker. When care worker arrives at the house of a patient, she brings the NFC-enabled mobile phone near NFC tag. This sends information to the application server. This information contains the time of arrival and patient and location identifier. When care worker leaves the place, she repeats the procedure. Information gathered can be used in reporting and real time tracking.

Mobiilin työajanhallinnan ohjelmistokehitys

Työajan seuranta ja kohdistaminen oikeisiin kustannuslajeihin on yrityksen suorituskyvyn ja kasvun kannalta usein välttämättömyys. Tässä työssä tutkitaan mobiiliteknologioiden mahdollisuuksia ja soveltuvuutta tuottaa palveluita työajan hallinnointiin, valitaan sopiva arkkitehtuuri ja kehitetään Java ME –teknologialla prototyyppi, joka on helposti integroitavissa yrityksen nykyisiin palvelinpuolen järjestelmiin ja tietokantoihin. Työn sovellusosuudessa kuvataan prototyypin ohjelmoinnissa käytetyt työkalut, menetelmät, ongelmakohdat sekä niiden ratkaisut. Suunnitelluissa käyttötapauksissa tapahtumatiedot syötetään manuaalisesti puhelimen käyttöliittymän kautta tai automatisoidummin kerätään kustannuskohdistetietoa työkohteisiin sijoitetuista NFC-tageista. Työaikaleimaamista testattiin emulaattorilla ja oikealla matkapuhelimella. Lopputuloksena asiakkaan työajanhallinnan tapahtumat siirtyvät langattomasti ja reaaliaikaisesti yrityksen webpalvelimelle JSON-formaatissa.

Satelliittipaikannukseen perustuvan reaaliaikaisen jäljitysohjelmiston toteutus

Satelliittipaikannuksen hyödyntäminen eri sovellusaloilla ja siviilikäytössä on kasvanut merkittävästi 2000-luvulla Yhdysvaltojen puolustusministeriön lopetettua GPS-järjestelmän tarkoituksenmukaisen häirinnän. Langattomien datayhteyksien yleistyminen ja nopeuksien kasvaminen on avannut paikkatiedon käyttämiseksi ja hyödyntämiseksi reaaliaikaisesti uusia mahdollisuuksia. Kustannusten kasvaessa on tehokkaasta liikennöinnistä tullut tänä päivänä erittäin tärkeä osa yritysten päivittäisiä toimintoja. Ajoneuvojen hallinta on yksi tapa, jolla pyritään tehostamaan logistisia toimintoja ja vähentämään siitä aiheutuvia kustannuksia. Seuraamalla reaaliaikaisesti ajoneuvojen liikennöintiä voidaan pyrkiä saavuttamaan säästöjä optimoimalla aikatauluja ja reittejä sekä uudelleenohjaamalla ajoneuvoja sijaintien mukaan vähentäen näin kuljettua matkaa ja aikaa. Tässä diplomityössä tavoitteena on tutkia kuinka satelliittipaikannusta, paikkatietoa ja langattomia datayhteyksiä hyödyntämällä voidaan toteuttaa reaaliaikainen jäljitysohjelmisto. Työssä esitellään aluksi paikannustekniikat ja niiden toiminta. Lisäksi tutkitaan kuinka tiedonsiirto voidaan järjestelmässä toteuttaa sekä tarkastellaan järjestelmän kehityksessä huomioitavia tietoturvanäkökohtia. Tutkimuksen pohjalta suunniteltiin ja toteutettiin reaaliaikainen jäljitysohjelmisto kotipalveluyrityksen ajoneuvojen paikannustarpeisiin. Järjestelmän avulla voidaan valvoa ja jäljittää ajoneuvojen sijainteja kartalla reaaliaikaisesti sekä paikantaa tiettyä kohdetta lähimpänä olevat ajoneuvot. Tämä mahdollistaa hälytyksen sattuessa lähimpänä olevan työntekijän lähettämisen asiakaskohteeseen mahdollisimman nopeasti. Järjestelmän avulla käyttäjät voivat lisäksi seurata ajamiaan matkoja ja pitää automaattista ajopäiväkirjaa. Lopuksi työssä arvioidaan toteutetun järjestelmän toimintaa testauksessa saatujen mittaustulosten perusteella.

Quantitative analysis of accuracy of an inertial/acoustic 6DOF tracking system in motion

An increasing number of neuroscience experiments are using virtual reality to provide a more immersive and less artificial experimental environment. This is particularly useful to navigation and three-dimensional scene perception experiments. Such experiments require accurate real-time tracking of the observer's head in order to render the virtual scene. Here, we present data on the accuracy of a commonly used six degrees of freedom tracker (Intersense IS900) when it is moved in ways typical of virtual reality applications. We compared the reported location of the tracker with its location computed by an optical tracking method. When the tracker was stationary, the root mean square error in spatial accuracy was 0.64 mm. However, we found that errors increased over ten-fold (up to 17 mm) when the tracker moved at speeds common in virtual reality applications. We demonstrate that the errors we report here are predominantly due to inaccuracies of the IS900 system rather than the optical tracking against which it was compared. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Integrating features for man-made target tracking from FLIR image sequence using particle filter

A new man-made target tracking algorithm integrating features from (Forward Looking InfraRed) image sequence is presented based on particle filter. Firstly, a multiscale fractal feature is used to enhance targets in FLIR images. Secondly, the gray space feature is defined by Bhattacharyya distance between intensity histograms of the reference target and a sample target from MFF (Multi-scale Fractal Feature) image. Thirdly, the motion feature is obtained by differencing between two MFF images. Fourthly, a fusion coefficient can be automatically obtained by online feature selection method for features integrating based on fuzzy logic. Finally, a particle filtering framework is developed to fulfill the target tracking. Experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm can accurately track weak or small man-made target in FLIR images with complicated background. The algorithm is effective, robust and satisfied to real time tracking.

Video target tracking by using competitive neural networks

A target tracking algorithm able to identify the position and to pursuit moving targets in video digital sequences is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach aims to track moving targets inside the vision field of a digital camera. The position and trajectory of the target are identified by using a neural network presenting competitive learning technique. The winning neuron is trained to approximate to the target and, then, pursuit it. A digital camera provides a sequence of images and the algorithm process those frames in real time tracking the moving target. The algorithm is performed both with black and white and multi-colored images to simulate real world situations. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, since the neurons tracked the moving targets even if there is no pre-processing image analysis. Single and multiple moving targets are followed in real time.

Tracking a non-cooperative target using a Doppler radar wireless sensor network

Tracking or target localization is used in a wide range of important tasks from knowing when your flight will arrive to ensuring your mail is received on time. Tracking provides the location of resources enabling solutions to complex logistical problems. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) create new opportunities when applied to tracking, such as more flexible deployment and real-time information. When radar is used as the sensing element in a tracking WSN better results can be obtained; because radar has a comparatively larger range both in distance and angle to other sensors commonly used in WSNs. This allows for less nodes deployed covering larger areas, saving money. In this report I implement a tracking WSN platform similar to what was developed by Lim, Wang, and Terzis. This consists of several sensor nodes each with a radar, a sink node connected to a host PC, and a Matlab© program to fuse sensor data. I have re-implemented their experiment with my WSN platform for tracking a non-cooperative target to verify their results and also run simulations to compare. The results of these tests are discussed and some future improvements are proposed.