Macromineral requirements for the maintenance and growth of Boer crossbred kids

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of organic mineral supplementation on the egg quality of semi-heavy layers in their second cycle of lay

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary trace mineral levels and sources on egg quality parameters of second-cycle semi-heavy layers. A number of 360 72-week-old layers were submitted to forced molting. Upon return of lay (83 weeks of age), birds were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design of six treatments with six replicates of 10 birds each. The control treatment consisted of 0.10% dietary supplementation of trace minerals from inorganic sources, which was proportionally replaced by five levels (110, 100, 90, 80, 70%) of an organic trace mineral supplement containing 30, 30, 40, 6, 0.61, and 0.3 g/kg product of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, I, and Se, respectively. All diets contained equal protein, energy, and amino acid levels. Every 28 days of the experimental period (112 days) four eggs per replicate were collected for egg quality evaluation. The following parameters were evaluated: specific gravity, yolk, albumen and eggshell percentages, yolk index, Haugh units, and eggshell thickness and breaking strength. One sample per replicate, consisting of the pool of the yolks of three eggs collected at the end of each experimental period, was used to assess protein and mineral (Ca, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) contents. The results were submitted to ANOVA, and means to the test of Tukey at 5% significance level. The evaluated trace mineral levels and sources did not influence any of the studied egg quality parameters. It was concluded that reducing organic trace mineral supplementation in up to 70% relative to 100% inorganic trace mineral supplementation does not affect egg parameters and therefore, can be applied to the diet of semi-heavy layers in their second cycle of lay.

Nutritional analysis of gastric contents and body condition score at a single time point in feral horses in Australia

Objective: To determine the impact of a free-choice diet on nutritional intake and body condition of feral horses. Animals: Cadavers of 41 feral horses from 5 Australian locations. Procedures: Body condition score (BCS) was determined (scale of 1 to 9), and the stomach was removed from horses during postmortem examination. Stomach contents were analyzed for nutritional variables and macroelement and microelement concentrations. Data were compared among the locations and also compared with recommended daily intakes for horses. Results: Mean BCS varied by location; all horses were judged to be moderately thin. The BCS for males was 1 to 3 points higher than that of females. Amount of protein in the stomach contents varied from 4.3% to 14.9% and was significantly associated with BCS. Amounts of water-soluble carbohydrate and ethanol-soluble carbohydrate in stomach contents of feral horses from all 5 locations were higher than those expected for horses eating high-quality forage. Some macroelement and microelement concentrations were grossly excessive, whereas others were grossly deficient. There was no evidence of ill health among the horses. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results suggested that the diet for several populations of feral horses in Australia appeared less than optimal. However, neither low BCS nor trace mineral deficiency appeared to affect survival of the horses. Additional studies on food sources in these regions, including analysis of water-soluble carbohydrate, ethanol-soluble carbohydrate, and mineral concentrations, are warranted to determine the provenance of such rich sources of nutrients. Determination of the optimal diet for horses may need revision.

Suplementacao de zinco orgânico na racão de frangos de corte alojados em cama nova ou reutilizada

Abstract: Several factors can affect the development of the broiler, among them we can highlight nutrition and management. In the context nutritional, mineral supplementation is a necessary practice because, in general, the diets did not contain these elements in sufficient quantity to meet the needs of poultry. Zinc is a trace mineral essential to life, participating in several important functions in the body. Generally zinc is added to diets of birds in inorganic forms (oxides, carbonates or sufatos), however in its organic form or chelated presents more bioavailable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of levels of organic zinc (ZnO) in the diet of broilers from 1 to 42 days, housed in new or reused litter. The experiment was conducted in the poultry sector of the Special Unit for Agricultural Sciences EAJ / UFRN. 576 chicks were used 1 day of commercial strain Cobb, distributed in a completely randomized in a 4x2 factorial arrangement with four levels of ZnO 0, 40, 80 and 120 ppm and two environments, new bed (COn) and reused litter (CRE) resulting in eight treatments with six replications of 12 birds. In the pre-initial responses were linearly increasing levels of ZnO on feed intake and quadratic effect on body weight and weight gain. The levels of 72.41 and 70.05 ppm of ZnO in the diet of chicks improved body weight and weight gain, respectively. There was interaction between ZnO and the type of bedding used. The ZnO did not affect broiler performance in the growing phase. There was an interaction between levels of ZnO and type of bed used. The levels of 61.50 and 85.30 ppm organic zinc improves immunity and increases the deposition of zinc in tibia of broilers at 42 days, respectively. ZnO also increases the resistance of the skin of broilers at 42 days of age. Using Cre improves performance of broilers from 1 to 42 days old

Exigências nutricionais do sorgo sacarino

As exigências nutricionais de dois cultivares de sorgo sacarino (Brandes e Rio) foram estudadas em condição de campo e em casa de vegetação com cultivo em solução nutritiva. O ensaio em casa de vegetação foi conduzido em bandejões de 40 1 de capacidade contendo solução nutritiva de Hoagland e Arnon, e no campo, foram amostradas plantas que receberam adubação com 150-200-100 kg/ha de N, P2O5 e K2O, respectivamente. A ordem decrescente de exigências em casa de vegetação foi: K, N, Ca, Mg, P, S e Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn. Considerando a colheita dos colmos e dos grãos, o cultivar Brandes exportou 55% do N, 41% do P, 68% do K, 16% do Ca, 38% do Mg, 47% do S, 6% do Fe, 55% do Cu, 10% do Mn e 14% do Zn absorvidos, e o cultivar Rio exportou 59% do N, 43% do P, 72% do K, 10% do Ca, 44% do Mg, 60% do S, 1% do Fe, 66% do Cu, 8% do Mn e 10% do Zn absorvidos, em casa de vegetação. em condição de campo, as exigências para produzir 1 tonelada de colmo foram de 3,22 a 3,93 kg de N, de 0,40 a 0,45 kg de P, de 3,91 a 4,3i kg de K, de o,02 a 0,77 kg de Ca, de 0,86 a 0,54 kg de Mg; de 0,32 a 0,41 kg de S, de 68,82 a 36,71 g de Fe, de 3,48 a 2,94 kg de Cu, de 16,43 a 18,05 g de Mn, de 7,72 a 8,77 g de Zn e de 17,99 a 20,47g de B.

Exigências líquidas de macrominerais para crescimento em cabritos Saanen de diferentes sexos

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Metabolismo e exigências de minerais em cabras gestantes

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Efeito de níveis e de fontes de microminerais na dieta de poedeiras comerciais de 40 a 60 semanas de idade

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Food composition table for use in East Asia.

Includes bibliographical references.

Data compilation on the biological response to ocean acidification: environmental and experimental context of data sets and related literature

The exponential growth of studies on the biological response to ocean acidification over the last few decades has generated a large amount of data. To facilitate data comparison, a data compilation hosted at the data publisher PANGAEA was initiated in 2008 and is updated on a regular basis (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.149999). By January 2015, a total of 581 data sets (over 4 000 000 data points) from 539 papers had been archived. Here we present the developments of this data compilation five years since its first description by Nisumaa et al. (2010). Most of study sites from which data archived are still in the Northern Hemisphere and the number of archived data from studies from the Southern Hemisphere and polar oceans are still relatively low. Data from 60 studies that investigated the response of a mix of organisms or natural communities were all added after 2010, indicating a welcomed shift from the study of individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. The initial imbalance of considerably more data archived on calcification and primary production than on other processes has improved. There is also a clear tendency towards more data archived from multifactorial studies after 2010. For easier and more effective access to ocean acidification data, the ocean acidification community is strongly encouraged to contribute to the data archiving effort, and help develop standard vocabularies describing the variables and define best practices for archiving ocean acidification data.

Chromium supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes and high risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Introduction: Chromium is an essential trace mineral for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which is currently prescribed to control diabetes mellitus. Results of previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses of chromium supplementation and metabolic profiles in diabetes have been inconsistent. Aim: The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects on metabolic profiles and safety of chromium supplementation in type 2 diabetes mellitus and cholesterol. Methods: Literature searches in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were made by use of related terms-keywords and randomized clinical trials during the period of 2000-2014. Results: Thirteen trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Total doses of Cr supplementation and brewer's yeast ranged from 42 to 1,000 µg/day, and duration of supplementation ranged from 30 to 120 days. The analysis indicated that there was a significant effect of chromium supplementation in diabetics on fasting plasma glucose with a weighted average effect size of -29.26 mg/dL, p = 0.01, CI 95% = -52.4 to -6.09; and on total cholesterol with a weighted average effect size of -6.7 mg/dL, p = 0.01, CI 95% = -11.88 to -1.53. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests favourable effects of chromium supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with diabetes. Chromium supplementation may additionally improve total cholesterol levels.

Mineral and chemical composition and some trace element contents in coals and coal ashes from Huaibei coal field, China

IEECAS SKLLQG

Effect of dietary phytate and microbial phytase on mineral and trace element bioavailability- a literature review

Phytic acid (PA) is the main phosphorus storage compound in cereals, legumes and oil seeds. In human populations where phytate-rich cereals such as wheat, maize and rice are a staple food, phytate may lead to mineral and trace element deficiency. Zinc appears to be the trace element whose bioavailability is most influenced by PA. Furthermore, several studies in humans as well as in monogastric animals clearly indicate an inhibition of non-haem iron absorption at marginal iron supply due to phytic acid. In fact PA seems to be, at least partly, responsible for the low absorption efficiency and high incidence of iron deficiency anaemia evident in most developing countries, where largely vegetarian diets are consumed Microbial phytases have provided a realistic means of improving mineral availability from traditionally high-phytate diets. In fact it has been consistently shown that Aspergillus phytases significantly enhance the absorption of calcium, magnesium and zinc in pigs and rats. Furthermore there are a few studies in humans indicating an improvement of iron bioavailability due to microbial phytase.

Blood mineral, trace-element and vitamin concentrations in Huacaya alpacas and Merino sheep grazing the same pasture

We aimed to determine whether the concentration of minerals and trace constituents in blood of Merino sheep and Huacaya alpacas grazing the same pasture differed with species and time of sampling. Blood samples and pasture samples were collected at frequent intervals over a period of 2 years for mineral and trace-nutrient assay. The concentration of the minerals and trace nutrients in the grazed pasture usually met the dietary needs of sheep at maintenance, apart from potassium, sulfur, cobalt and Vitamin E in occasional samples. Restricted maximum likelihood mixed model analysis indicated a significant (P < 0.001) species by month by year interaction for all blood constituents assayed, a significant (P < 0.05) species by coat shade interaction for plasma Vitamin D, E and B12 and a significant (P < 0.001) species by month by Vitamin D interaction for plasma phosphorus concentrations. In general, plasma calcium concentrations were greater in sheep than in alpacas but plasma magnesium concentrations were greater in alpacas than in sheep. There was no consistent difference between the two species in plasma phosphorus concentrations although low values were recorded in individual sheep and alpacas. Plasma Vitamin D concentrations were more responsive to increasing hours of sunlight in alpacas than they were in sheep. Sheep had consistently higher concentrations of plasma copper, zinc and Vitamin B12 and higher concentrations of blood selenium but lower concentrations of plasma selenium and Vitamin A, than did alpacas. No consistent difference was observed between the two species in plasma Vitamin E concentrations.