Alfabetização matemática no contexto ribeirinho: um olhar sobre as classes multisseriadas da realidade amazônica

Esta dissertação, intitulada “Alfabetização matemática no contexto ribeirinho: um olhar sobre as classes multisseriadas da realidade amazônica”, teve como objetivo investigar abordagens teórico-metodológicas para o ensino e aprendizagem de matemática, no âmbito da alfabetização matemática, possíveis de serem estabelecidas em classes multisseriadas de escolas ribeirinhas da realidade amazônica. Nesta pesquisa, a visão de alfabetização matemática foi construída levando em consideração não só as primeiras habilidades de leitura e escrita inicial da linguagem matemática escolar pela criança (DANYLUK, 1997), mas como um caminho para a aprendizagem do homem e mulher no mundo das relações matemáticas, a partir de concepções teóricas de D‟Ambrosio (2002), Domite e Mesquita (2003), Sebastiani Ferreira (1997), I. Mendes (2009) e Freire (2002). A pesquisa foi realizada no município de São Domingos do Capim, Estado do Pará, Brasil, entre outubro de 2010 e agosto de 2011. Na investigação sobre a alfabetização matemática em classes multisseriadas de escolas ribeirinhas, foram realizadas interações com representantes da Secretaria Municipal de Educação, visitas às escolas ribeirinhas multisseriadas, entrevistas com professores deste município. Como instrumentos de construção de dados foram utilizados diário de campo, entrevistas e observações. A análise da pesquisa de campo foi organizada nos seguintes itens: a) As classes multisseriadas e a alfabetização matemática no contexto ribeirinho; b) Recursos didáticos e alfabetização matemática; e, c) Cultura e educação matemática na Amazônia: entre saberes científicos e saberes da tradição. É possível afirmar que a alfabetização matemática expressa no contexto ribeirinho ainda restringe-se as experiências matemáticas referentes estritamente ao currículo escolar sem levar em consideração a riqueza de possibilidades de conhecimentos das experiências dos estudantes em seu contexto diário como localização espacial no deslocamento pelos rios, nos elementos matemáticos envolvidos na comercialização de frutos e pescado, por exemplo.

O jovem Paulo Barreto e os simbolistas

Dois dias antes de completar dezoito anos, Paulo Barreto (1881-1921), que se tornou mais conhecido pelo pseudônimo João do Rio, estreou como crítico de literatura e artes na Cidade do Rio, dirigida por José do Patrocínio. De 3 de agosto de 1899 a 11 de setembro de 1901, publicar-se-iam nesse jornal vários artigos assinados por Paulo Barreto, pelas iniciais P. B. ou pelo pseudônimo Claude. Em alguns desses textos, o jovem crítico pronunciou-se sobre obras simbolistas brasileiras e francesas. Sua apreciação acerca do simbolismo em geral foi essencialmente negativa, pois seu julgamento baseava-se no positivismo e em concepções cientifi cistas, que eram incompatíveis com a “nevrose” e as “extravagâncias” dos então chamados nefelibatas.

O cinema, o tempo social e o seu intérprete

By understanding art as a particular form of knowledge is possible to think that sociology has much to learn from it. One thesis that we share in this essay is that the art is able to perform the synthesis of the historical time for its specifi c capacity to be in the world, because, while scientifi c knowledge search universal categories, intending to reduce as much the infl uence of human and social aspects in the apprehension of phenomena, aesthetic knowledge, even if it seeks abstract referentials, can not get rid of the experience and the world around it. This premise, based on the reading of Fredric Jameson, worth as much to the art authorial as for the one performed in series, this is, the production of the cultural industry. Both one and another, in their own way, translates the social time, task that fi ts to criticism unravel.

Dança e envelhecimento: uma parceria em movimento!

The dance content in Physical Activity Program for third age - PROFIT carried out at UNESP – São Paulo State University has begun in 1997 and is until nowadays a regular physical activity practice to elderly. Since beginnings the dance practitioners work with functional capacities through choreographies, claiming the spatial-time orientation, besides the benefi ts already proved by music uses. Since then, life with dance became a strong way to promote health, trough learning a variety of movements and diff erent rhythms. Today, about 30 elderly advantages besides motor part, dance classes favor body consciousness, mental practice and rhythm. The classes are divided in warm up and stretching phase, principal phase (witch components of functional capacity are stimulated) and fi nalize with cool down phase. The dance program created to physical educations undergraduate students’ opportunities to pedagogical practice and permitted researches development about aging and its relation to physical activity through dance. There are a lot of published results, collaborating with the scientifi c literature about the benefi ts of dance regular practices.

Anatomia interna de alguns moluscos bivalves fósseis do grupo Bauru (Cretáceo Superior, Bacia Bauru), Brasil: implicações paleoecológicas

Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Rapid cytopathic effects of Clostridium perfringens beta-toxin on porcine endothelial cells

Clostridium perfringens type C isolates cause fatal, segmental necro-hemorrhagic enteritis in animals and humans. Typically, acute intestinal lesions result from extensive mucosal necrosis and hemorrhage in the proximal jejunum. These lesions are frequently accompanied by microvascular thrombosis in affected intestinal segments. In previous studies we demonstrated that there is endothelial localization of C. perfringens type C beta-toxin (CPB) in acute lesions of necrotizing enteritis. This led us to hypothesize that CPB contributes to vascular necrosis by directly damaging endothelial cells. By performing additional immunohistochemical studies using spontaneously diseased piglets, we confirmed that CPB binds to the endothelial lining of vessels showing early signs of thrombosis. To investigate whether CPB can disrupt the endothelium, we exposed primary porcine aortic endothelial cells to C. perfringens type C culture supernatants and recombinant CPB. Both treatments rapidly induced disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, cell border retraction, and cell shrinkage, leading to destruction of the endothelial monolayer in vitro. These effects were followed by cell death. Cytopathic and cytotoxic effects were inhibited by neutralization of CPB. Taken together, our results suggest that CPB-induced disruption of endothelial cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of C. perfringens type C enteritis.

Managing Soil Organic Carbon: A Farm Perspective

Farming practices that lead to declining returns and inputs of carbon to soils pose a threat to key soil functions. The EU FP 7 interdisciplinary project Smart SOIL is using scientific testing and modeling to identify management practices that can optimize soil carbon storage and crop productivity. A consultation with advisors and policymakers in six European case study regions seeks to identify barriers to, and incentives for, uptake of such practices. Results from preliminary interviews are reported. Overall advisor and farmer awareness of management practices specifically directed towards soil carbon. is low. Most production- related decisions are taken in the short term, but managing soil carbon needs a long- term approach. Key barriers to uptake of practices include: perceived scientifi c uncertainty about the effi cacy of practices; lack of real life ?best practice? examples to show farmers; diffi culty in demonstrating the positive effects of soil carbon management practices and economic benefi ts over a long time scale; and advisors being unable to provide suitable advice due to inadequate information or training. Most farmers are unconvinced of the economic benefi ts of practices for managing soil carbon. Incentives are therefore needed, either as subsidies or as evidence of the cost effectiveness of practices. All new measures and advice should be integrated into existing programmes to avoid a fragmented policy approach.

Az ajánlati könyv statisztikai tulajdonságai (Statistical properties of the limit order book)

A pénzügyi modellek jelentős része feltételezi a piacok hatékony működését. Ennek következtében számos tudományos kutatás központi témája volt a piacok hatékonyságának tesztelése és ennek igazolása, esetleg cáfolata. Ezen próbálkozások azonban mind a mai napig eredménytelenül zárultak. A tesztelések nyomán a kutatások a termékek áralakulásából indultak ki, és a hozamokat ezen keresztül elemezték. Az elmúlt években azonban a fókusz átterelődött az árak alakulásáról egy elemibb tényezőre, az ajánlati könyvre. Ugyanis végső soron az ajánlatvezérelt piacokon az árakat az ajánlati könyvbe benyújtott megbízások alakulása fogja meghatározni. Mivel a tőzsdék jelentős része ajánlatvezérelt piacként működik, ezért érdemesnek tartották a kutatók, hogy inkább az ajánlati könyv alakulásának statisztikai jellemzőit elemezzék, hátha az eredményre vezet, és sikerül közelebb jutni a hatékony piacok elméletének igazolásához vagy cáfolatához. Jelen tanulmány célja az, hogy az eddig megjelent tudományos kutatások alapján ismertesse az ajánlati könyv alapvető statisztikai tulajdonságait, és rávilágítson arra: mindez valójában hozzájárult-e a hatékony piacok elméletének igazolásához? ______ Most of the fi nancial models assume that markets are effi cient. As a result, numerous scientifi c researchers were focused on testing the effi cient market hypothesis, and tried to prove, or deny it. However, all these attempts are still unsuccessful. During these researches, the analyses of the effi cient market hypothesis were based on the price evolution of a certain asset, and through this the returns were examined. In the recent years the research interest has changed, and instead of analyzing the returns, a more primary factor got into focus, namely the limit order book. The reason is that on order driven markets the prices and the order sizes in the limit order book infl uence the price evolution on the market. Since a notable number of stock markets operate as an order driven market, the researchers thought that it worth analyzing the statistical properties of the limit order book, because maybe it will get us closer to the proof of the effi cient market hypothesis. The purpose of this study is to summarize the statistical properties of the limit order book, based on the scientifi c works published so far. The study would like to highlight whether these studies contributed to the proof or disproof of the effi cient market hypothesis.

A forgalomban lévő fásszárú dísznövénytaxonok szárazságtűrésének értékelése a klímaváltozás tükrében (Evaluation of the impact climate change on current drought-tolerant woody plants)

Regionális klímaváltozási forgatókönyvek szerint hazánk éghajlata az elkövetkező 90 évben a mainál jóval melegebb, a nyári évszakban csapadékszegényebb, összességében pedig szárazabb lesz. Kutatásunk célja volt felmérni szárazságtűrésük szerint a legjelentősebb faiskolák katalógusában fellelhető fa- és cserjefajokat (a gyűjtésben nem szerepelnek a faj alatti taxonok). A vizsgálatainkban szereplő öt faiskola növénykínálatát a tudományos nevek ellenőrzése után összesítettük, majd ezt követően az egyes fajokat vízigény szerinti kategóriákba soroltuk. A tényleges statisztikai értékelésbe – a 451 összegyűjtött faj tudományos neveinek ellenőrzése után – 420 fajt vontunk be, melyek 20%-a vízigényes, 53%-a közepesen vízigényes és 27%-a szárazságtűrő. Várakozásainkkal ellentétben a vízigényes fajok részaránya kevésnek mondható, ugyanakkor a szárazságtűrő fajok magasabb aránya kívánatos lenne. Ezért, a gyakorlati alkalmazást elősegítve, kiemeltünk olyan nemzetségeket, melyek kereskedelmi forgalmazását meg kellene kezdeni vagy fokozni, mint pl a Cupressus, Eucommia, Halimodendron, Paliurus, Pyrus, Rhus, Yucca Zanthoxylum, Zelkova, illetve olyanokat, melyek telepítését a jövőben nem, vagy csak kellő körültekintéssel javasoljuk, mint például a Clematis, Hydrangea, Liquidambar, Magnolia, Rhododendron nemzetségek. _____ According to regional climate change scenarios, the climate in Hungary will be warmer. Less precipitation is predicted in the summer seasons so, on the whole, it will be drier over the next 90 years. Our research attempted to survey the ornamental plant species in the most important nurseries in Hungary, in terms of their drought tolerance. The intraspecifi c taxa are not included. The plant assortment of the fi ve nurseries was merged after researching their scientifi c names. We then categorized species to 3 groups of drought tolerance. Out of 451 species, 420 of them were used in the statistical research. 20% of them were water demanding, 53% were medium drought tolerant and 27% were drought tolerant. In contrast to our initial expectation, the proportion of water demanding species was not too high. Nevertheless, the proportion of drought tolerant species should have been greater. We classifi ed the genera to assist in practical application. The trade of some of these species, such as Cupressus, Eucommia, Halimodendron, Paliurus, Pyrus, Rhus, Yucca, Zanthoxylum, Zelkova should be initiated or increased in the future. Other species, especially Clematis, Hydrangea, Liquidambar, Magnolia, Rhododendron are not recommended due to either their drought intolerance or their high maintenance requirement.

Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes of Emiliania huxleyi (PML B92/11) during experiments, 2011

The present study investigates the combined effect of phosphorous limitation, elevated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and temperature on a calcifying strain of Emiliania huxleyi (PML B92/11) by means of a fully controlled continuous culture facility. Two levels of phosphorous limitation were consecutively applied by renewal of culture media (N:P = 26) at dilution rates (D) of 0.3 d- and 0.1 d-1. CO2 and temperature conditions were 300, 550 and 900 µatm pCO2 at 14 °C and 900 µatm pCO2 at 18 °C. In general, the steady state cell density and particulate organic carbon (POC) production increased with pCO2, yielding significantly higher concentrations in cultures grown at 900 µatm pCO2 compared to 300 and 550 µatm pCO2. At 900 µatm pCO2, elevation of temperature as expected for a greenhouse ocean, further increased cell densities and POC concentrations. In contrast to POC concentration, C-quotas (pmol C cell-1) were similar at D = 0.3 d-1 in all cultures. At D = 0.1 d-1, a reduction of C-quotas by up to 15% was observed in the 900 µatm pCO2 at 18 °C culture. As a result of growth rate reduction, POC:PON:POP ratios deviated strongly from the Redfield ratio, primarily due to an increase in POC. Ratios of particulate inorganic and organic carbon (PIC:POC) ranged from 0.14 to 0.18 at D = 0.3 d-1, and from 0.11 to 0.17 at D = 0.1 d-1, with variations primarily induced by the changes in POC. At D = 0.1 d-1, cell volume was reduced by up to 22% in cultures grown at 900 µatm pCO2. Our results indicate that changes in pCO2, temperature and phosphorus supply affect cell density, POC concentration and size of E. huxleyi (PML B92/11) to varying degrees, and will likely impact bloom development as well as biogeochemical cycling in a greenhouse ocean.

Validade científica de conhecimento epidemiológico gerado com base no estudo Saúde Bucal Brasil 2003

NARVAI, Paulo Capel et al. Validade científi ca de conhecimento epidemiológico gerado com base no estudo Saúde Bucal Brasil 2003. Caderno de saúde pública, Rio de Janeiro, v. 26, n. 4, p. 647-670, abr. 2010.

Validade científica de conhecimento epidemiológico gerado com base no estudo Saúde Bucal Brasil 2003

NARVAI, Paulo Capel et al. Validade científi ca de conhecimento epidemiológico gerado com base no estudo Saúde Bucal Brasil 2003. Caderno de saúde pública, Rio de Janeiro, v. 26, n. 4, p. 647-670, abr. 2010.

Mapeando Atitudes, (Des) Motivação e Orientação para Aprender Inglês

O presente artigo versa sobre as atitudes de quarenta e dois alunos em relação à aprendizagem da língua inglesa. Para tanto, são delineados fatores que estão intimamente relacionados às atitudes, tais como orientação, motivação, desmotivação, ideologia e resistência. Este trabalho, desenvolvido à luz da linguística aplicada, tem caráter interdisciplinar, e por isso está ancorado nas concepções sobre o tema, encontradas na psicologia social. Os dados apresentados aqui foram obtidos através de uma pesquisa etnográfica sobre atitudes, desenvolvida em duas escolas públicas, na região do Recôncavo Baiano por Anjos (2013). Foram utilizados três instrumentos de geração de dados: um questionário, uma entrevista e observação de aulas. Os resultados apontaram alto grau de atitudes positivas para aprender inglês e de orientação instrumental. Entretanto, alguns estudantes pesquisados sinalizaram atitudes negativas. Os resultados são discutidos na parte final do artigo com a apresentação de dados qualitativos e quantitativos.

O Processo de Ensino-Aprendizagem de Língua Inglesa para Deficientes Auditivos – Um Olhar Psicopedagógico

RESUMOO presente texto tem como objetivo discutir a contextualização da prática de ensino de Língua Inglesa para deficientes auditivos brasileiros sob um olhar psicopedagógico. Intenciona tratar das dificuldades de aprendizagem relacionadas ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem desta, bem como, propor a prática interventiva dentro da sala de aula de Língua Inglesa, para que se possa, deste modo, contribuir para a inclusão e o preparo dos estudantes surdos para a utilização e compreensão do idioma, o que já é oferecido a alunos não portadores destas necessidades. No decorrer deste texto, discutiremos algumas destas estratégias a partir do relato de experiência em sala de aula com uma aluna surda. O desafio de lidar com a situação levou uma professora do ensino médio a refletir a respeito de sua prática e a buscar suporte teórico sobre o tema ao qual naquele momento lhe era pouco familiar. Acrescenta-se à discussão uma proposta pedagógica para o trabalho com futuros docentes de Língua Inglesa nas universidades, buscando instigar estes futuros profissionais a autonomamente buscar compreender como lidar com as diversas teorias de aquisição de segunda língua e das metodologias de ensino de línguas estrangeiras no âmbito dos limites de aprendizagem dos alunos de sua própria comunidade escolar. O profissional psicopedagogo, além de contribuir para a investigação dos modos de aprender dos estudantes, especialmente os que tiverem alguma necessidade específica, poderá auxiliar o professor de inglês na seleção das atividades que poderão ser feitas em favor deles. 

Expression pattern of Oct-4, Sox2, and c-Myc in the primary culture of human dental pulp derived cells

Dental pulp cells (DPCs) have shown promising potential in dental tissue repair and regeneration. However, during in vitro culture, these cells undergo replicative senescence and result in significant alteration in cell proliferation and differentiation. Recently, the transcription factors of Oct-4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4 have been reported to play a regulatory role in the stem cell self-renewal process, namely cell reprogramming. Therefore, it is interesting to know whether the replicative senescence during the culture of dental pulp cells is related to the diminishing of the expression of these transcription factors. In this study, we investigated the expression of the reprogramming markers Oct-4, Sox2, and c-Myc in the in vitro explant cultured dental pulp tissues and explant cultured dental pulp cells (DPCs) at various passages by immunofluorescence staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Our results demonstrated that Oct-4, Sox2, and c-Myc translocated from nucleus in the first 2 passages to cytoplasm after the third passage in explant cultured DPCs. The mRNA expression of Oct-4, Sox2, and c-Myc elevated significantly over the first 2 passages, peaked at second passage (P < .05), and then decreased along the number of passages afterwards (P < .05). For the first time we demonstrated that the expression of reprogramming markers Oct-4, Sox2, and c-Myc was detectable in the early passaged DPCs, and the sequential loss of these markers in the nucleus during DPC cultures might be related to the cell fate of dental pulp derived cells during the long-term in vitro cultivation under current culture conditions.