El planctus de la Virgen en la Península Ibérica, desde el Quis dabit hasta las Cantigas de Santa María

El término latino que da el castellano "llanto", llegó a designar una especie lírica muy cultivada, el planto (en castellano) o el planh-plany (en occitano-catalán), es decir, el lamento fúnebre por la muerte de una persona querida o un personaje célebre. El gran modelo o paradigma de todo planctus, para la sensibilidad medieval, era el de la Virgen María a los pies de la cruz de Jesús. Se analizan en este trabajo algunos elementos de la tradición del planctus mariano en la Península Ibérica, la cual incluye no sólo célebres poemas de largo aliento como el Duelo de la Virgen de Gonzalo de Berceo, sino también manifestaciones líricas más breves, desde las piezas litúrgicas en latín hasta los poemas de los dolores de la Virgen presentes en las Cantigas de Santa María de Alfonso X.

El planctus de la Virgen en la Península Ibérica, desde el Quis dabit hasta las Cantigas de Santa María

El término latino que da el castellano "llanto", llegó a designar una especie lírica muy cultivada, el planto (en castellano) o el planh-plany (en occitano-catalán), es decir, el lamento fúnebre por la muerte de una persona querida o un personaje célebre. El gran modelo o paradigma de todo planctus, para la sensibilidad medieval, era el de la Virgen María a los pies de la cruz de Jesús. Se analizan en este trabajo algunos elementos de la tradición del planctus mariano en la Península Ibérica, la cual incluye no sólo célebres poemas de largo aliento como el Duelo de la Virgen de Gonzalo de Berceo, sino también manifestaciones líricas más breves, desde las piezas litúrgicas en latín hasta los poemas de los dolores de la Virgen presentes en las Cantigas de Santa María de Alfonso X.

Podstawy planowania rozwoju „turystyki dostępnej”

Artykuł przybliża podstawowe założenia, dotyczące planowania rozwoju „turystyki dostępnej”, związane z: rozpoznaniem jej uwarunkowań (społeczno-demograficznych, ekonomicznych, prawnych), czynników ograniczających (barier) oraz doborem narzędzi polityki wspierającej ten rozwój. Materiały źródłowe stanowią dane zaczerpnięte z literatury, dokumentów, aktów prawnych, rekomendacji związanych z tematem, jak również wyniki wcześniejszych badań autorek, omówione w wielu opracowaniach. W oparciu o przeprowadzone analizy, do podstawowych zasad planowania rozwoju „turystyki dostępnej”, istotnych na wszystkich etapach prac zaliczono: (1) systemowe ujmowanie turystyki, (2) współpracę podmiotów tworzących ofertę turystyczną, (3) partycypację OzN na wszystkich etapach planowania, (4) personalizację i dywersyfikację oferty turystycznej, (5) spójność informacji turystycznej z ofertą, (6) wypracowanie i wdrażanie standardów dostępności, (7) projektowanie uniwersalne oraz (8) kształtowanie świadomości społecznej i kompetencji kadry obsługującej turystów w zakresie obsługi osób z niepełnosprawnością.

Społeczno-kulturowe konstrukcje piłki nożnej: męskość, kolektywna tożsamość i japonizacja

The purpose of this article is to present three selected contemporary socio-cultural constructs of football. Due to its immense popularity and media exposure, this sport is an area of expressing and crystallizing many social trends and concerns as well as the diversity of cultural (re-)adaptation. There is no doubt that football is a sport associated with the “male culture”. However, in the context of globalization, adapting football for the local requirements of the Japanese consumer market so unexpectedly has brought its feminization. One can even observe an inversion of traditional gender roles in this field: the female audience evaluates and admires the football players’ male bodies.

Odwrót od rozwoju: kontrowersyjna czy obiecująca zmiana paradygmatu wczesnej edukacji

The article presents three approaches to the conceptualisation of development as a category which describes the dynamics of the biography of man, which the author defines as: universalisation, contextualisation / relativism, and problematisation / negation. Emphasis is laid on a shift in thinking about the child and childhood, to be observed in the post-structural analyses contingent on the thought of Michel Foucault and a critique of developmental psychology which is developing in the world, but has been absent from Poland so far. The strongest critique of both these perspectives is directed against the standardisation measures for which individuality, specificity and diversity become a deviation from the norm. The article shows how strong arguments showing the controversy of development perceived in this way have been collected and how debatable the category of development as such is.

Krytycznie o metodologicznych przesłankach udziału naukowców w Międzynarodowym Programie PISA/OECD

My article is a succinct overview of macro-Polish governments’ evolution over 25 years of political transformation. It is presented from the perspective of education for democracy, in a democracy and not about democracy. I explain how Poles, after they got rid of the monistic doctrine of the totalitarian state, have become subjected to a covert process of democratization of education and the school system. I analyze public education, mechanisms and structures for its management in a way that counteracts democratic change. The school is subjected to political game-makers. It becomes an institution which is painfully ineffective and without a face. This institution destroys tradition and causes intellectual regression. There are threats to educational reforms which lie not only in the sociopolitical mechanisms, but also and perhaps primarily within the education system, which has not created procedures to eliminate Pharisees of innovation from it. After 25 years of transformation, the Polish educational system is not only partially reprivatized but highly bureaucratic and fully involved in political parties.

Technologizacja życia i tożsamości w kulturze współczesnej

The author of article considers the growing role of technology in contemporary society in the context of its role in creating identity and shaping the daily life. Various aspects of Elllul’s conception of technological determinism are reconstructed, including the problem (lack) of freedom in relationships between the individual and technology as well as the problem of annihilation of time and space. The main problem of article is analysed both on the micro and the macro levels, considering the possible contradictions in the use of modern technology devices.

Młodzież w relacji do kariery jako „własności” zawodu albo „roli zawodowej” – perspektywa funkcjonalno-strukturalna

In her article the Author refers to the tradition that places the studies in the subject of career in the structural and functional orientation that treats career as an external system, an objective phenomenon. “Objective careers” reflect more or less publically visible positions and statuses. According to the highlighted perspective, a “career” is a sequence of a subject’s professional roles which may mean promotion, stability or degradation. In this sense, one has to recognize that all subjects present on the job market pursue a career, which means that they take part in the career domain. The originality of this perspective makes us perceive a career in terms of social mobility, which most often means individuals’ vertical mobility. In this article, the Author discusses careers that embody a wide spectrum of contexts invoking the reflection on how the academic youth perceives the career domain and to what degree and extent these young people are oriented towards careers in the objective sense, realized through prestige, power, money, and promotion.

Jak sprostać wymaganiom neoliberalizmu w poradnictwie?

The article discusses changes which neoliberal ideologies have triggered in counselling. Meeting the demands of liberalism in counselling is a challenge both to organisation and to people. As far as people are concerned, the argument is driven by such questions as: What is the human being of this system (homo consultans) like? What is his world? How does he relate to this world? The questions about counselling as organisation pertain to its objectives and goals. In the industrial era, counselling goals were of paternalistic nature, but in economy-dominated neoliberalism they are certainly different. At a time of neoliberalism, the counsellor faces the following dilemmas: How to gain the client? How to satisfy the client? How to reconcile ethical demands inscribed in the counselling mission with the economic preoccupations of neo-positivist ideologies? In response, three kinds of counselling emerge. Rehabilitative counselling is organised for people severely damaged by adversity. Existential counselling is organised for people whose biographical trajectory is disturbed by temporary problems. Career counselling is organised for people who chose their life-paths in the neoliberal realities.

Kariera według młodych, czyli nowy paradygmat kariery na dysonansowym rynku pracy

A Career According to Young People, or a New Career Paradigm in the Dissonant Labour Market is an attempt at answering a question about an extent to which a narrative surrounding the specific features of the postmodern careers has been shared by the young adults who, being in the process of moving from the educational to the labour markets, have experienced these changes, to what extent they have internalised the career patterns emerging in the free-market reality that are different from those existent in Poland twenty-five years ago, and about what (new?) career paradigm is developed by the students. The paper presents preliminary results of a sampling carried out among young university students of the humanities who expressed their opinions on how vocational careers are defined and what associations they evoke. The article moreover provides personal examples of career development and discusses vocational catalysts and inhibitors of a career. The young university students did not, however, fully internalise the postmodern patterns of the mosaic careers prevailing in the competitive labour market, and simultaneously noticed a number of ambivalences and dissonances present in this market reality.

Decyzje karierowe wobec destabilizujących praktyk rynku pracy

This article addresses the issue of a practical implementation of careers, which should be placed on sound career counseling. In the background of individual solutions concerning a career there is the destabilization and the practice of the labor market. The text takes into consideration issues related to the functioning of individuals and organizations on the labor market. The challenge for the organization is presented as a framework for employees’ competence requirements. Analysis of these issues leads to a conclusion in search of attributes of modern careers.

Orientacje zawodowe młodzieży akademickiej będącej w okresie tranzycji z edukacji na rynek pracy

The modern world, which is characterized by diversity, uncertainty and ambiguity, affects the functioning of the younger generation. Young people experience a variety of problems associated with entering into adulthood. Being on the stage “between” youth and adulthood requires countless choices. The functioning of youth is still an interesting cognitive topic, worthy of scientific knowledge, therefore, the article seeks to answer the question: What is the professional orientation of contemporary university students? The article thesis consists of two parts. The first part has a theoretical character. It deals with issues of professional orientation. The second part of the article is an empirical analysis and attempt to answer the research question: What are the professional orientations of students?

Krytyczna refleksja o stanie współczesnej edukacji wczesnoszkolnej – ujęcie porównawcze

In an attempt taken to reconstruct the current issues in the field of early childhood education, what becomes particularly important are the questions related to the way of organizing education in Poland and around the globe, i.e. in diverse cultural environments. The current problems diagnosed can contribute to redefining the goals of the school. Without a recognition of the difficulties, it is impossible to determine the direction of research or an action plan towards an actual, substantial reform of education. In an effort to rebuild schools, it is therefore necessary to create a debate about development trends of education in the twenty-first century in Poland and in the world. The comparative perspective adopted can facilitate outlining a broad and multi-dimensional context decisive for the value of the educational discourse.

Pedagogika porównawcza jako obszar budowania podmiotowości sprawczej przyszłych pedagogów

The article includes the development of the thesis that the analysis carried out in the framework of comparative education, as a discipline dealing with the phenomenon of education in the broad context, showing the "entanglement education" 1, often they provide students an important source of reflection and a kind of "discovery" of what they experience, but can not be called. Knowledge and understanding of the impact of a number of conditions for the development of education, in particular the political and economic although it is only a precondition, may encourage the development of a sense of agency and taking intentional actions aimed positive bottom-up change in the environment of human life.

Inkluzja szkolna uczniów z rodzin ubogich – iluzja czy rzeczywistość?

Poverty among children and young people turns out to be a significant social problem in Poland. The complexity and multi-dimensional consequences of the impoverishment of the young generation families calls not only for social help provided by the state but also for effective actions of the school environment. The following text attempts to answer the key question phrased in the title. It may be referred to as a source of information on significant problems of the school environment reality which demand further reflection and proper action. The research was carried out in 2014 among 146 urban and rural school teachers with the use of a diagnostic survey. The main tool which helped to gather information was a questionnaire survey as well as an open interview. The survey results helped to estimate the situation in a comparative perspective of the diagnosed schools with references to the best practices from other European countries.