Stochastische Modelle der aktuariellen Risikotheorie. Eine mathematische Einführung

Stochastische Modelle sind bei der Bewertung von Schadensbeträgen für Versicherungen von besonderer Bedeutung. Das Buch gibt eine Einführung in die dabei verwendeten Modelle für kleine und große Schadensbeträge wie auch in die stochastische Prozesse der aktuariellen Risikotheorie (Zählprozesse und Poisson-Prozess). Zentrales Thema ist die Analyse der Ruinwahrscheinlichkeit, wobei exakte Berechnungsmethoden, asymptotische Approximationen und numerische Algorithmen wie Monte Carlo-Simulation und schnelle Fourier-Transformation vorgestellt werden. Ein Appendix mit wichtigen Resultaten der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie erleichtert die Lektüre dieses Buches.

Kollektive Erinnerung. Topographie und Topik in Walthers ›Palästinalied‹

The French sociologist Maurice Halbwachs (1877–1945) conceived re- membrance as a product of ›collective memory‹ and explained this idea in his book on ›La Topographie légendaire des Évangiles en Terre sainte‹ (1941) showing that the topography of the Holy Land was predominantly an imaginary landscape construed by Christian communities. Following this concept, this article studies the ›Palästinalied‹, a text describing the arrival of a pilgrim in the Holy Land in the time of the crusades, abundantly transmitted under the name of Walther von der Vogelweide. The high degree of textual variance in the diverse manuscripts testifies the acting of ›collective memory‹ in the medieval poetic tradition. Of special interest in this context are the strophic arrangements, the variation of deictic markers, the reworking of melodic models documented in the manuscript transmission and the diatopic opposition existing between the emphasis of ›distant love‹ expressed in Jaufré Rudel’s Occitan song ›Lanqand li jorn son lonc en mai‹ (one of the named models) and the attitude of proximity prevailing in the ›Palästinalied‹.

From privatisation to governed nature. Old and new approaches to rural commons in Spain

Recent decades have witnessed a shift in the studies on Spanish rural commons, in line with the changes in the international literature as a whole. The focus in the 1970s was on the land privatization process referred to as disentailment (Desamortización), being considered one of the essential dimensions of the transition to capitalism. The recent revival of interest in rural commons has focused less on privatization than on the real functioning of the commons and the social relations articulated around them. A further focus of interest is the interaction between rural society and the State, mainly through the study of forestry policy and its effects on different regions. A third field of interest is the emergence of conflicts around rural commons; not only those of a distributive nature but also environmental and political ones. Accordingly, these new approaches go beyond the old image of a fatal destiny in order to profoundly analyze the environmental and social interactions of rural commons dynamics.