Ecologia molecular de fungos patogênicos onygenales em animais silvestres do interior do estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito do gradiente interior-borda-matriz, e do tipo de matriz sobre a entomofaúna edáfica em fragmentos de cerrado

edge effect. Thus, under the influence of the adjacent matrix, fragments undergo microclimatic alterations that accentuate changes in species composition and community structure. In order to better understand edge and matrix effects on the richness and abundance of edaphic arthropods, this study assessed: (a) the difference between habitat (fragment) and non-habitat (matrix); (b) whether there is a continuous interior-edge-matrix gradient; and (c) the difference between matrices for arthropod orders richness and abundance. We selected 15 landscapes, 5 of which contained a cerrado fragment surrounded by sugarcane cultivation, 5 with a cerrado fragment within eucalyptus and 5 with a cerrado fragment within pasture. In each landscape the soil fauna was collected along with the soil and then extracted with the aid of the modified Berlese-Tullgren funnel. We chose the orders Coleoptera, Collembola, Mesostigmata and Oribatida for analysis, and after separation of the individuals we used model selection analysis via AIC. The model type fragment x matrix was the most likely to explain richness, total and relative abundances of the four orders (wAICc between 0,6623 and 1,0). The model of edge distance (edge effect) was plausible to total abundance and relative abundance of Mesostigmata order (wAICc=0,2717 and 0,186). Local environmental variables (soil texture, temperature and relative humidity), and fragment size were also measured to avoid confounding factors and were not presented as plausible models to explain the patterns. So edaphic arthropods, despite protecting themselves under the ground, are extremely sensitive to fragmentation, even with the replacement of natural habitat by agricultural use, such as sugarcane, pasture and eucalyptus. This group should be studied environmental impact assessments because provides important ecosystem se ravincde s inacnludd eisd ainn efficient bio-indicator

Efeito do gradiente interior-borda-matriz, e do tipo de matriz sobre a entomofaúna edáfica em fragmentos de cerrado

edge effect. Thus, under the influence of the adjacent matrix, fragments undergo microclimatic alterations that accentuate changes in species composition and community structure. In order to better understand edge and matrix effects on the richness and abundance of edaphic arthropods, this study assessed: (a) the difference between habitat (fragment) and non-habitat (matrix); (b) whether there is a continuous interior-edge-matrix gradient; and (c) the difference between matrices for arthropod orders richness and abundance. We selected 15 landscapes, 5 of which contained a cerrado fragment surrounded by sugarcane cultivation, 5 with a cerrado fragment within eucalyptus and 5 with a cerrado fragment within pasture. In each landscape the soil fauna was collected along with the soil and then extracted with the aid of the modified Berlese-Tullgren funnel. We chose the orders Coleoptera, Collembola, Mesostigmata and Oribatida for analysis, and after separation of the individuals we used model selection analysis via AIC. The model type fragment x matrix was the most likely to explain richness, total and relative abundances of the four orders (wAICc between 0,6623 and 1,0). The model of edge distance (edge effect) was plausible to total abundance and relative abundance of Mesostigmata order (wAICc=0,2717 and 0,186). Local environmental variables (soil texture, temperature and relative humidity), and fragment size were also measured to avoid confounding factors and were not presented as plausible models to explain the patterns. So edaphic arthropods, despite protecting themselves under the ground, are extremely sensitive to fragmentation, even with the replacement of natural habitat by agricultural use, such as sugarcane, pasture and eucalyptus. This group should be studied environmental impact assessments because provides important ecosystem se ravincde s inacnludd eisd ainn efficient bio-indicator

Investigar el paisaje de la agricultura exportadora en el interior santafesino

En este escrito se presentan reflexiones sobre los avances en la identificación de los cambios verificados en el paisaje de algunas localidades del interior de la Provincia de Santa Fe que puedan ser atribuidos a la modificación en la matriz productiva agrícola. Se parte del paisaje entendido como la dimensión perceptible de un territorio y las transformaciones en él operadas. El análisis de la articulación entre paisaje y territorio ha sido organizado a partir de los conceptos de niveles del paisaje y de escalas territoriales. Los niveles de paisaje refieren a un conjunto de elementos y percepciones que configuran las imágenes principales de cada paisaje. Las escalas territoriales refieren a los modos en que son organizados los territorios que componen los espacios de la sociedad. Las transformaciones en el proceso de inserción productiva han implicado contradicciones, como la pérdida de funciones regionales de algunas localidades y la dilución de la identidad en el marco de la adecuación territorial al nuevo sistema agrícola. El estudio de esas articulaciones entre escalas territoriales y niveles paisajísticos revela tanto inserciones específicas de cada espacio local en el sistema productivo, como tensiones entre transformación territorial y configuración de los espacios locales

Investigar el paisaje de la agricultura exportadora en el interior santafesino

En este escrito se presentan reflexiones sobre los avances en la identificación de los cambios verificados en el paisaje de algunas localidades del interior de la Provincia de Santa Fe que puedan ser atribuidos a la modificación en la matriz productiva agrícola. Se parte del paisaje entendido como la dimensión perceptible de un territorio y las transformaciones en él operadas. El análisis de la articulación entre paisaje y territorio ha sido organizado a partir de los conceptos de niveles del paisaje y de escalas territoriales. Los niveles de paisaje refieren a un conjunto de elementos y percepciones que configuran las imágenes principales de cada paisaje. Las escalas territoriales refieren a los modos en que son organizados los territorios que componen los espacios de la sociedad. Las transformaciones en el proceso de inserción productiva han implicado contradicciones, como la pérdida de funciones regionales de algunas localidades y la dilución de la identidad en el marco de la adecuación territorial al nuevo sistema agrícola. El estudio de esas articulaciones entre escalas territoriales y niveles paisajísticos revela tanto inserciones específicas de cada espacio local en el sistema productivo, como tensiones entre transformación territorial y configuración de los espacios locales

Investigar el paisaje de la agricultura exportadora en el interior santafesino

En este escrito se presentan reflexiones sobre los avances en la identificación de los cambios verificados en el paisaje de algunas localidades del interior de la Provincia de Santa Fe que puedan ser atribuidos a la modificación en la matriz productiva agrícola. Se parte del paisaje entendido como la dimensión perceptible de un territorio y las transformaciones en él operadas. El análisis de la articulación entre paisaje y territorio ha sido organizado a partir de los conceptos de niveles del paisaje y de escalas territoriales. Los niveles de paisaje refieren a un conjunto de elementos y percepciones que configuran las imágenes principales de cada paisaje. Las escalas territoriales refieren a los modos en que son organizados los territorios que componen los espacios de la sociedad. Las transformaciones en el proceso de inserción productiva han implicado contradicciones, como la pérdida de funciones regionales de algunas localidades y la dilución de la identidad en el marco de la adecuación territorial al nuevo sistema agrícola. El estudio de esas articulaciones entre escalas territoriales y niveles paisajísticos revela tanto inserciones específicas de cada espacio local en el sistema productivo, como tensiones entre transformación territorial y configuración de los espacios locales

Ecological gradients and landscape structure affecting seasonal woodpigeon Columba palumbus densities in a coastal region (South-East Spain)

The aim of the present study is to identify and evaluate the relationship between Woodpigeon (Columba palumbus, Linnaeus, 1758) density and different environmental gradients (thermotype, ombrotype, continentality and latitudinal), land use and landscape structure, using geographic information systems and multivariate modelling. Transects (n = 396) were developed to estimate the density of Woodpigeon in the Marina Baja (Alicante, Spain) from 2006 to 2008. The highestdensity for Woodpigeon was in September-October (1.28birds/10ha) and the lowest inFebruary-March (0.34birds/10ha). Moreover, there were more Woodpigeons in areas with a mesomediterranean thermotypethan in thermomediterranean or supramediterranean ones. There was greater densityinthe intermediate zones compared to thecoast and interior. The natural or cultural landscape had the highest Woodpigeon density (1.53birds/10ha), with both denseand clear pine forest values standing out. Therefore, it is very important to conserve these traditional landscapes with adequate management strategies in order to maintain, resident and transient Woodpigeon populations. These natural areas are open places where the Woodpigeons find food and detect the presence ofpredators. Thus, this study will enable more precise knowledge of the ecological factors (habitat variables) that intervene in the distribution of Woodpigeon populations and their density.

Main ecological gradients and landscape matrix affect wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Leporidae) abundance in a coastal region (South-East Spain)

Landscape analysis with transects, in the Marina Baja area (province of Alicante, Spain), has contributed to establish the influence of different landscape matrices and some environmental gradients on wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Leporidae) abundance (kilometric abundance index, KAI). Transects (n = 396) were developed to estimate the abundance of this species in the study area from 2006 to 2008.Our analysis shows that rabbits have preferences for a specific land use matrix (irrigated: KAI = 3.47 ± 1.14 rabbits/km). They prefer the coastal area (KAI = 3.82 ± 1.71 rabbits/km), which coincides with thermo-Mediterranean (a bioclimatic belt with a tempered winter and a hot and dry summer with high human density), as opposed to areas in the interior (continental climate with lower human occupation). Their preference for the southern area of the region was also noted (KAI = 8.22 ± 3.90 rabbits/km), which coincides with the upper semi-arid area, as opposed to the northern and intermediate areas (the north of the region coinciding with the upper dry and the intermediate area with the lower dry). On the other hand, we found that the number of rabbits increased during the 3-year study period, with the highest abundance (KAI = 2.71 ± 1.30 rabbits/km) inMay. Thus, this study will enable more precise knowledge of the ecological factors (habitat variables) that intervene in the distribution of wild rabbit populations in a poorly studied area.

Annual report of the superintendent of national parks to the secretary of the interior

Report year ends June 30

Cultural landscape report, Dumbarton Oaks Park, Rock Creek Park.

"August 2000."

Retos en la implementación de las normas internacionales al interior de los estados. estudio de caso: la región del Mekong y el protocolo de Palermo contra la trata de personas. (2007-2014)

El presente estudio de caso tiene como principal objetivo el de analizar la manera como las características sociopolíticas de los Estados del Mekong, específicamente en el caso de Camboya y Myanmar, dificultan la implementación de las normas enunciadas en el Protocolo de las Naciones Unidas para Prevenir, Reprimir y Sancionar la Trata de Personas, Especialmente Mujeres y Niños, también conocido como el Protocolo de Palermo. En este sentido, se parte de las características principales del Protocolo y de la manera como el tráfico de personas se presenta en el Mekong para posteriormente analizar la forma como la corrupción, la impunidad y la desigualdad de género representan retos sociopolíticos que obstruyen la implementación de los mandatos internacionales enmarcados en este instrumento

“ The Creation of an Urban Landscape” in Adaptive reuse,the modern movement toward the future, 14th international conference proceedings, Do_co.mo.mo international, Lisboa ( indexed by SCOPUS)

The headquarters and park of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon represent the first modern Portuguese environment with an outstanding relation between exterior and interior as a spatial continuum . As such, the project refused the more common conceptual attitude of interior plus exterior. This unitary view revealed a clear understanding of the proposed site for the project and what could have been Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian (1869-1955) expectations, while concretizing Modern Movement ideals regarding landscape architecture and architecture. Through its design the park mediates the relation between the buildings’ super-structures, the urban context, and the human scale, while generating a unifying system established by the complicity between natural and synthetic materials. From the first moment of the project’s design process, this complicity resulted in a set of strategies that met programmatic