A regulação da avaliação do desempenho do Diretor escolar : competências de gestão e liderança

Dissertação de mestrado, Educação (Administração Educacional), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2014

Efectividad en redes Inter-Organizacionales : una aproximación al concepto y su medición

El concepto de efectividad en Redes Inter-organizacionales se ha investigado poco a pesar de la gran importancia en el desarrollo y sostenibilidad de la red. Es muy importante entender este concepto ya que cuando hablamos de Red, nos referimos a un grupo de más de tres organizaciones que trabajan juntas para alcanzar un objetivo colectivo que beneficia a cada miembro de la red. Esto nos demuestra la importancia de evaluar y analizar este fenómeno “Red Inter-organizacional” de forma más detallada para poder analizar que estructura, formas de gobierno, relaciones entre los miembros y entre otros factores, influyen en la efectividad y perdurabilidad de la Red Inter-organizacional. Esta investigación se desarrolla con el fin de plantear una aproximación al concepto de medición de la efectividad en Redes Inter-organizacionales. El trabajo se centrara en la recopilación de información y en la investigación documental, la cual se realizará por fases para brindarle al lector una mayor claridad y entendimiento sobre qué es Red, Red Inter-Organizacional, Efectividad. Y para finalizar se estudiara Efectividad en una Red Inter-organizacional.

Identificación y descripción de las características de un líder global

El liderazgo ha sido definido de diferentes maneras por cientos de autores debido al contexto en el que estudian este concepto. Ninguna de estas definiciones es errónea pero algunas han tomado mayor importancia debido a los diferentes factores que enfrenta la sociedad. Desde hace unos años los países se han abierto a diferentes mercados lo cual les ha permitido eliminar las barreras políticas, económicas y culturales existentes. Esto ha llevado a que los líderes deban evaluar la nueva forma de dirigir y direccionar las organizaciones. Este es tan solo uno de los ejemplos que han llevado a modificar el concepto de liderazgo, añadiendo los nuevos retos a los que se ven enfrentados los líderes. En este trabajo de grado se estudia el que se considera uno de los mayores retos de los siglos XX y XXI: la globalización. Este fenómeno ha acercado al mundo a través del intercambio de información, de bienes, de servicios, de conocimientos y sobre todo de cultura. Esto se ha logrado a través de nuevas tecnologías, nuevos servicios de comunicación y transporte, de la ciencia y los avances de la industria. El nuevo líder debe romper la barrera nacional y abrirse a mercados extranjeros, para esto debe contar con ciertas características que le permitirán entender los diferentes mercados y a las personas que se encuentran en este. En este trabajo se identifican las que se consideran las principales características de un líder global; estas son el resultado de la investigación de diferentes autores y estudios.

Talent Management in Higher Education: Developing Emerging Leaders Within the Administration at Private Colleges and Universities

This research focused on identifying a series of successful practices relating to administrative talent management within the higher education setting. The field study included a thorough examination of seven small to mid-size private colleges and universities that have incorporated employee development strategies. These strategies were aimed at growing future leaders from within the organization in order to achieve continuity and support institutional priorities. Specifically, several focus areas were investigated including presidential vision, leadership commitment, talent management’s place among institutional priorities, program characteristics, and program evaluation. Among the commonalities that were gathered included support at the senior officer level who serve as advocates, mentors, and program facilitators, a strong connection between talent management and the institutions’ strategic plans, and a holistic approach to developing talent at all levels of the organizations. In addition, both coaching and opportunities for growth in the work environment were evident within several of the institutions. Also, academic leadership development was considered to be a part of the talent management strategy within three of the colleges and universities. The key differentiators included the incorporation of organizational and leadership competencies to provide focus toward the performance development process at two institutions, the implementation of a succession planning model at another institution, and the location of human resource generalists in departments across two of the institutions to identify learning opportunities for both individuals and work teams. Based on both the findings from the field study and the literature review, a comprehensive procedural model is introduced that serves to support human resource departments and higher education professionals, in general, who are looking to either begin or broaden their own talent management approach. However, despite the progress that has been made across several institutions noted throughout the research study, much more must be learned in terms of how the time and resources invested in talent management translates to institutional success. Advisor: James O‘Hanlon

Liderança: o que pensam executivos brasileiros sobre o tema?

Este artigo tem como objetivo central apresentar resultados de estudo destinado a investigar as principais questões e desafios em torno da temática da liderança e seu desenvolvimento, na contemporaneidade, segundo a perspectiva de altos executivos de grandes empresas brasileiras. Considerando tal propósito, seus objetivos específicos podem ser assim descritos: 1. investigar sentidos atribuídos e estilos de liderança articulados à vivência e prática dos executivos investigados; 2. investigar temas-chave ao desenvolvimento de lideranças no atual contexto dos negócios e das organizações; 3. identificar tendências, novos temas e desafios em torno da temática da liderança, no contemporâneo. Como referencial teórico cabe salientar revisão de literatura envolvendo descrição evolutiva dos estudos sobre a temática, com destaque para as principais correntes e abordagens teórico-metodológico-conceituais. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa que subsidiou os resultados deste estudo pode ser caracterizada como de natureza qualitativa e caráter descritivo, tendo seus dados primários derivados de entrevistas semiestruturadas e em profundidade realizadas com 13 altos executivos de grandes corporações, nacionais e internacionais, situadas nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais. Após tratamento dos dados, com o auxílio do software de tratamento qualitativo NVivo 8, foi possível agrupar os principais temas e desafios identificados em torno da liderança em três temas-chave: Sentidos, Competências, Estilos e Desafios associados à Liderança no Contemporâneo; Desenvolvimento de Lideranças; Liderança e Contexto Capacitante. O estudo possibilitou, também, identificar atributos de competência e estilos de liderança requeridos como respostas ao atual contexto dos negócios e das organizações, segundo a perspectiva dos executivos entrevistados. Concomitantemente, foi possível constatar novos desafios e preocupações em relação à temática da liderança, como, por exemplo, lidar com as novas gerações - em especial a chamada Geração Y - que, em breve, deverão assumir posições-chave nas organizações, em decorrência da aposentadoria dos Baby Boomers. Em suma, os achados permitem, a partir da perspectiva dos próprios atores diretamente envolvidos na problemática da liderança, no contexto empresarial, a emergência de questões e desafios a serem contemplados em novas agendas de desenvolvimento e linhas de pesquisa sobre o tema.

Competencias y contenidos comunes de salud pública en los programas universitarios de grado: fisioterapia, terapia ocupacional, ciencias ambientales, odontología y veterinaria

Objetivo: Identificar competencias y contenidos básicos de salud pública para los programas de grado en fisioterapia, terapia ocupacional, ciencias ambientales, odontología y veterinaria, desde la perspectiva del profesorado de diversas universidades españolas. Método: En el contexto del II taller sobre contenidos de salud pública en los programas de grado (Mahón, 19-20 de septiembre de 2012), se organizaron cinco grupos de trabajo formados por 20 profesores/as de distintas universidades españolas, seleccionados de las guías docentes de salud pública y epidemiología publicadas en la página web de la Conferencia de Rectores de Universidades Españolas. Cada grupo trabajó sobre un grado y los resultados se discutieron en sesiones plenarias. Resultados: Para todas las titulaciones se identificaron actividades y competencias para las tres funciones esenciales de la salud pública. La mayoría de las competencias profesionales identificadas en cada uno de los grados correspondieron a la función «Valorar las necesidades de salud de la población». Los grupos de trabajo propusieron contenidos de epidemiología, introducción y conceptos de salud pública, intervención en salud pública, gestión sanitaria y políticas en salud. Las principales coincidencias en los contenidos de las titulaciones se dieron en los tres primeros. Conclusiones: Se han identificado competencias y contenidos de salud pública comunes a los distintos grados estudiados que pueden servir de punto de partida para iniciar una revisión más detallada de los programas de salud pública en los diferentes grados, y alcanzar un consenso sobre los contenidos comunes que debería incluir cada uno de ellos

Competencias y contenidos comunes de salud pública del grado en farmacia de las universidades españolas

Objetivo: Consensuar competencias profesionales de salud pública del/de la egresado/a en farmacia y los contenidos básicos que debe incluir la materia de salud pública según el criterio de un grupo docente de salud pública del grado en farmacia procedente de distintas universidades públicas y privadas de España. Métodos: 1ª Reunión del Foro de Profesorado Universitario de Salud Pública del Grado en Farmacia, que tuvo lugar en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid los días 19 y 20 de noviembre de 2013, en la que participaron 17 profesores/as. Los/las participantes disponían de sus propios programas docentes y de dos estudios previos sobre competencias profesionales en salud pública, para analizar las competencias y contenidos de salud pública del grado en farmacia. Se realizaron grupos de trabajo y se compartieron los resultados. Resultados: El mayor número de competencias fundamentales identificadas se corresponden con actividades de las funciones «Valorar las necesidades de salud de la población» y «Desarrollar políticas de salud». El programa final incluye contenidos básicos organizados en ocho bloques: Concepto de salud pública, Demografía sanitaria, Método epidemiológico, Medio ambiente y salud, Seguridad alimentaria, Epidemiología de los principales problemas de salud, Promoción y educación para la salud, y Planificación y gestión sanitaria. Conclusiones: La representación de prácticamente todas las facultades que imparten el grado en farmacia en España, y el consenso alcanzado en la descripción de competencias y contenidos, constituyen una base para unificar criterios que garanticen la mejora de la calidad docente y formativa.

Competencias y contenidos comunes de salud pública del Grado en Medicina en las universidades españolas

Objetivo: Consensuar las competencias profesionales de salud pública que deben adquirir los estudiantes en el Grado en Medicina y los contenidos fundamentales que debe incluir la materia de salud pública según el criterio de un grupo de docentes de salud pública del Grado en Medicina de distintas universidades españolas. Métodos: Se organizó una 2 ª Reunión del Foro de Profesorado Universitario de Salud Pública en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Madrid, 11-12 de diciembre de 2014), en la que participaron 24 docentes de 19 universidades españolas con Grado en Medicina que fueron distribuidos en tres grupos durante tres sesiones de trabajo. En la primera sesión, se identificaron y clasificaron las competencias propias del Grado; en la segunda, se propusieron contenidos de salud pública para las competencias identificadas; en la tercera, se organizaron los contenidos en bloques temáticos. Los resultados se discutieron hasta alcanzar acuerdos, en distintas sesiones plenarias. Resultados: El mayor número de competencias identificadas corresponde a actividades de las funciones «Valorar las necesidades de salud de la población» y «Desarrollar políticas de salud». El programa final incluye contenidos básicos organizados en cinco bloques: Concepto de salud, salud pública y sus condicionantes; Epidemiología e investigación en salud; Condicionantes y problemas de salud; Estrategias, intervenciones y políticas; y Sistemas de salud, gestión clínica y sanitaria. Conclusiones: Las competencias y los contenidos comunes consensuados en este Foro constituyen una base para actualizar y mejorar la formación en salud pública de los futuros profesionales de la medicina.

The role of self-regulation in developing leaders:a longitudinal field experiment

A longitudinal field experiment examined a leader self-regulation intervention in teams engaged in a Business Strategy Module (BSM) of a University course. The BSM, which is an integral part of the degree programme, involved teams of four or five individuals, under the direction of a leader, working on a (simulated) car manufacturing task over a period of 24. weeks. Various aspects of team performance contributed towards module assessment. All leaders received multi-source feedback of leader task-relevant capabilities (from the leader, followers and module tutor). Leaders were randomly allocated into a self-regulation intervention (15 leaders, 46 followers) or control (25 leaders, 109 followers) conditions. The intervention, which was run by an independent coach, was designed to improve leaders' use of self-regulatory processes to aid the development of task-relevant leadership competencies. Survey data was collected from the leaders and followers (on three occasions: pre- and two post-test intervention), team financial performance (three occasions: post-test) and a final team report (post-test). The leader self-regulation intervention led to increased followers' ratings of leader's effectiveness, higher team financial performance and higher final team grade compared to the control (non-intervention) condition. Furthermore, the benefits of the self-regulation intervention were mediated by leaders' attaining task-relevant competencies. © 2013.

Practising inspired leadership : the use of applied theatre 'prophetical' in the Executive Leadership Development Program for Queensland Health

The Executive Leadership Development Program embarked upon by Queensland Health as a part of the major reform program is discussed. The second stage of the program has begun and the main aim is to ensure leadership development across the organization.

Australian children with special health care needs: Social-emotional and learning competencies in the early years

This study examined the relationship between special health care needs and social-emotional and learning competence in the early years, reporting on two waves of data from the Kindergarten Cohort of Growing up in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Six hundred and fifty children were identified through the 2-question Special Health Care Needs Screener as having special health care needs. Children with special health care needs were more likely to be male, to have been of low birth weight, to be taking prescription medications, to be diagnosed with a specific health condition and to be from families where the mother was less well educated. These children scored significantly lower on teacher-rated social-emotional and learning competencies prior to school compared to a control group of children without special health care needs. Multiple regression analyses indicated that being identified with a special health care need prior to school predicted lower social-emotional and learning competencies in the early years of school. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for policy and practice.

Investigating the impact of a leadership development program for nurse unit managers on the satisfaction of nursing staff

Background and significance: Nurses' job dissatisfaction is associated with negative nursing and patient outcomes. One of the most powerful reasons for nurses to stay in an organisation is satisfaction with leadership. However, nurses are frequently promoted to leadership positions without appropriate preparation for the role. Although a number of leadership programs have been described, none have been tested for effectiveness, using a randomised control trial methodology. Aims: The aims of this research were to develop an evidence based leadership program and to test its effectiveness on nurse unit managers' (NUMs') and nursing staff's (NS's) job satisfaction, and on the leader behaviour scores of nurse unit managers. Methods: First, the study used a comprehensive literature review to examine the evidence on job satisfaction, leadership and front-line manager competencies. From this evidence a summary of leadership practices was developed to construct a two component leadership model. The components of this model were then combined with the evidence distilled from previous leadership development programs to develop a Leadership Development Program (LDP). This evidence integrated the program's design, its contents, teaching strategies and learning environment. Central to the LDP were the evidence-based leadership practices associated with increasing nurses' job satisfaction. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) design was employed for this research to test the effectiveness of the LDP. A RCT is one of the most powerful tools of research and the use of this method makes this study unique, as a RCT has never been used previously to evaluate any leadership program for front-line nurse managers. Thirty-nine consenting nurse unit managers from a large tertiary hospital were randomly allocated to receive either the leadership program or only the program's written information about leadership. Demographic baseline data were collected from participants in the NUM groups and the nursing staff who reported to them. Validated questionnaires measuring job satisfaction and leader behaviours were administered at baseline, at three months after the commencement of the intervention and at six months after the commencement of the intervention, to the nurse unit managers and to the NS. Independent and paired t-tests were used to analyse continuous outcome variables and Chi Square tests were used for categorical data. Results: The study found that the nurse unit managers' overall job satisfaction score was higher at 3-months (p = 0.016) and at 6-months p = 0.027) post commencement of the intervention in the intervention group compared with the control group. Similarly, at 3-months testing, mean scores in the intervention group were higher in five of the six "positive" sub-categories of the leader behaviour scale when compared to the control group. There was a significant difference in one sub-category; effectiveness, p = 0.015. No differences were observed in leadership behaviour scores between groups by 6-months post commencement of the intervention. Over time, at three month and six month testing there were significant increases in four transformational leader behaviour scores and in one positive transactional leader behaviour scores in the intervention group. Over time at 3-month testing, there were significant increases in the three leader behaviour outcome scores, however at 6-months testing; only one of these leader behaviour outcome scores remained significantly increased. Job satisfaction scores were not significantly increased between the NS groups at three months and at six months post commencement of the intervention. However, over time within the intervention group at 6-month testing there was a significant increase in job satisfaction scores of NS. There were no significant increases in NUM leader behaviour scores in the intervention group, as rated by the nursing staff who reported to them. Over time, at 3-month testing, NS rated nurse unit managers' leader behaviour scores significantly lower in two leader behaviours and two leader behaviour outcome scores. At 6-month testing, over time, one leader behaviour score was rated significantly lower and the nontransactional leader behaviour was rated significantly higher. Discussion: The study represents the first attempt to test the effectiveness of a leadership development program (LDP) for nurse unit managers using a RCT. The program's design, contents, teaching strategies and learning environment were based on a summary of the literature. The overall improvement in role satisfaction was sustained for at least 6-months post intervention. The study's results may reflect the program's evidence-based approach to developing the LDP, which increased the nurse unit managers' confidence in their role and thereby their job satisfaction. Two other factors possibly contributed to nurse unit managers' increased job satisfaction scores. These are: the program's teaching strategies, which included the involvement of the executive nursing team of the hospital, and the fact that the LDP provided recognition of the importance of the NUM role within the hospital. Consequently, participating in the program may have led to nurse unit managers feeling valued and rewarded for their service; hence more satisfied. Leadership behaviours remaining unchanged between groups at the 6 months data collection time may relate to the LDP needing to be conducted for a longer time period. This is suggested because within the intervention group, over time, at 3 and 6 months there were significant increases in self-reported leader behaviours. The lack of significant changes in leader behaviour scores between groups may equally signify that leader behaviours require different interventions to achieve change. Nursing staff results suggest that the LDP's design needs to consider involving NS in the program's aims and progress from the outset. It is also possible that by including regular feedback from NS to the nurse unit managers during the LDP that NS's job satisfaction and their perception of nurse unit managers' leader behaviours may alter. Conclusion/Implications: This study highlights the value of providing an evidence-based leadership program to nurse unit managers to increase their job satisfaction. The evidence based leadership program increased job satisfaction but its effect on leadership behaviour was only seen over time. Further research is required to test interventions which attempt to change leader behaviours. Also further research on NS' job satisfaction is required to test the indirect effects of LDP on NS whose nurse unit managers participate in LDPs.

Enterprise Business Technology Governance: Three Competencies to Build Board Digital Leadership Capability.

The competent leadership of digital transformation needs to involve the board of directors. The reported lack of such capability in boards is becoming a pressing issue. A part of leadership in such transformation is the board of director’s competence to lead Enterprise Business Technology Governance (EBTG). In this paper we take the position that EBTG competencies are essential in boards, because competent EBTG has been shown to contribute to increased revenue, profit, and returns. We update and expand on the results of a multi-method approach to the development of a set of three board of director competencies needed for effective EBTG.

Organisational culture, leadership behaviour and job satisfaction among primary health care professionals in Saudi Arabia : a mixed-methods study

The purpose of this study was to improve individual and organisational performance in primary health care (PHC) by identifying the relationship between organisational culture, leadership behaviour and job satisfaction. The study used a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, to investigate the relationships between organisational culture, leadership behaviour, and job satisfaction among 550 PHCC professionals in Saudi Arabia. From surveying the PHC professionals, the results highlighted the importance of human caring qualities, including praise and recognition, consideration, and support, with respect to their perceptions of job satisfaction, leadership behaviour, and organisational culture. As a consequence a management framework was proposed to address these issues.