Variation in Aedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae) container productivity in a slum and a suburban district of Rio de Janeiro during dry and wet seasons

Seasonal variation in container productivity and infestation levels by Aedes aegypti were evaluated in two areas with distinct levels of urbanization degrees in Rio de Janeiro, a slum and a suburban neighborhood. The four most productive containers can generate up to 90% of total pupae. Large and open-mouthed containers, such as water tanks and metal drums, located outdoors were the most productive in both areas, with up to 47.49% of total Ae. aegypti pupae collected in the shaded sites in the suburban area. Water-tanks were identified as key containers in both areas during both the dry and rainy seasons. Container productivity varied according to seasons and urbanization degree. However, the mean number of pupae per house was higher in the suburban area, but not varied between seasons within each area (P > 0.05). High infestation indexes were observed for both localities, with a house index of 20.5-21.14 in the suburban and of 9.56-11.22 in the urban area. This report gives potential support to a more focused and cost-effective Ae. aegypti control in Rio de Janeiro.

Container productivity, daily survival rates and dispersal of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in a high income dengue epidemic neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro: presumed influence of differential urban structure on mosquito biology

Different urban structures might affect the life history parameters of Aedes aegypti and, consequently, dengue transmission. Container productivity, probability of daily survival (PDS) and dispersal rates were estimated for mosquito populations in a high income neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro. Results were contrasted with those previously found in a suburban district, as well as those recorded in a slum. After inspecting 1,041 premises, domestic drains and discarded plastic pots were identified as the most productive containers, collectively holding up to 80% of the total pupae. In addition, three cohorts of dust-marked Ae. aegypti females were released and recaptured daily using BGS-Traps, sticky ovitraps and backpack aspirators in 50 randomly selected houses; recapture rate ranged from 5-12.2% within cohorts. PDS was determined by two models and ranged from 0.607-0.704 (exponential model) and 0.659-0.721 (non-linear model), respectively. Mean distance travelled varied from 57-122 m, with a maximum dispersal of 263 m. Overall, lower infestation indexes and adult female survival were observed in the high income neighbourhood, suggesting a lower dengue transmission risk in comparison to the suburban area and the slum. Since results show that urban structure can influence mosquito biology, specific control strategies might be used in order to achieve cost-effective Ae. aegypti control.

Microbial contamination of procedure gloves after opening the container and during exposure in the environment

The objective of this study was to quantify the colony forming units (cfu) on latex procedure gloves in the beginning, middle, and end of the containers in real (professional) and controlled (researcher) gloving situations; evaluate the microbial load of the gloves, considering the time of exposure in the environment. This comparative prospective study was conducted at an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. The microbiological data was collected from the gloves using digital-pressure. Microbiological evaluations were performed on 186 pairs of gloves: 93 in the control group and 93 in real gloving situations. In the control group, the average cfu was 4.7 against 6.2 in the real gloving situation. Hence, no statistically significant difference was found (p=.601). In addition, the cfu values of gloves in the beginning, middle and end of the containers also did not show any significant differences (p>.05). The most common strain was Staphylococcus spp. The time of exposure in the environment did not increase the cfu value of the latex gloves.

The impact of restricting beverage container use in Iowa, 1/1/77.

Suzan M. Stewart, Research Librarian, Iowa Geological Survey. and Edward J. Stanek II, Director, Air Management Division, Iowa Department of Environmental Quality

Compaction of growth media based on Sphagnum peat during one-year culturing of container seedlings

Tiivistelmä: Turvepohjaisten kasvualustojen tiivistyminen yksivuotisessa paakkutaimikasvatuksessa

Slits in container wall improve root structure and stem straightness of outplanted Scots pine seedlings

Abstract

Stem straightness and compression wood in a 22-year-old stand of container-grown Scots pine trees

Abstract

Effect of thawing duration and temperature on field performance of frozen-stored Norway spruce container seedlings

Abstract

Extending the planting period of dormant and growing Norway spruce container seedlings to early summer

Abstract

Container Handling Equipment Monitoring System, case: Steveco Oy

Container Handling Equipment Monitoring System (CHEMS) is a system developed by Savcor One Oy. CHEMS measures important information for container ports performance and produces performance indicators. The aim of this thesis was to clarify performance measurement contents to Savcor and to develop, as an example, performance measures to Steveco Oy's container operations. The theoretical part of the thesis clarifies performance measurement and which of its components are important to container port. Performance measurement and measures are presented from the operational level's point of view, in which CHEMS is planned to aim. The theory of development process of performance measures is introduced at the end of the theoretical part. To make sure that performance measures are efficiently used, Steveco Oy's performance measures are developed in cooperation with the users. The measurement in operational level is continuous and the results must be reacted asquickly as possible. CHEMS is very suitable to continuous measurement and to produce real time-measures of container operations which are hard to get any otherway.

Packet backbone design differences between commercial network and Container Trial System of LTE/SAE

The mobile networks of earlier and current generations, or 2G and 3G networks, provide users voice and packet services with higher transmission rates and good quality over the same core network. When developing the next generation of mobile networks the current quality of services needs to be maintained. This thesis concentrates on the next generation mobile network, especially on the evolution of the packet network part. The new mobile network has requirements for the common packet backbone network, Mobile Packet Backbone Network, which is additionally discussed in this study. The next generation mobile network, called LTE/SAE, is currently under testing. The test system is called Container Trial System. It is a mini sized LTE/SAE site. The LTE/SAE is studied in this thesis concentrating on the evolved packet core, the SAE part of the composition. The empirical part of the study compares the LTE/SAE Container Trial System and commercial network designs and additionally produces documentation for internal personnel and customers. The research is performed by comparing the documentations and specifications of both the Container Trial System and commercial network. Since the LTE commercial network is not yet constructed, the comparison is done theoretically. The purpose is furthermore to find out if there are any design issues that could be done differently in the next version of the Container Trial System.

Unitizing in Supply Chain – Case SECU Container

The aim of this thesis is to analyze how increasing the level of unitizing affects to the costs in the transport system of a Finnish paper and board company. The parts of the supply chain where costs are analyzed are limited to domestic inland transport and port operations. Supply Chain management is important aspect of modern day companies’ strategies. Intermodal transport and different transport systems are the key items which are studied in the theory part of this thesis. In the case study the payload simulations for SECU container (Stora Enso Cargo Unit) stuffed in mills sites are base of the cost analyze of this thesis. Thesis also makes a glance for the restrictions and development trends in Finnish railroads. In analyze SECU containers are moved up to the mill site for stuffing. This increases the level of unitizing in supply chain. Analyze is made for three variation of current traffic lines. Analyze shows that when idea of intermodalism is well used there is considerable cost savings to gather in pre-transportation and port operations. But also effects to mill sites and destination ports needs to be take under considering. In analyze the effects of increased axle weight for SECU container transportation in Finnish railroads is studied. When transport unit is stuffed in earliest possible point supply chain and unloaded the last possible point the savings made in chain can be considerable. In case study of this thesis almost 40% savings in total costs could be reached in pre transportation and port operations when unitizing level is increased in supply chain.

Avaliação do perfil de trabalhadores e de condições ergonômicas na atividade de produção de carvão vegetal em bateria de fornos de superfície do tipo "rabo-quente"

Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no ambiente de trabalho da produção de carvão vegetal em bateria de fornos de superfície do tipo "rabo-quent"e, localizado na latitude de 17·27' oeste e longitude de 45º11' sul no Estado de Minas Gerais, nos meses de março a junho de 2003. O objetivo geral foi avaliar o perfil de trabalhadores e as condições ergonômicas na atividade de produção de carvão vegetal em bateria de fornos de superfície do tipo "rabo-quente". Os objetivos específicos foram: a) avaliar as características pessoais, sociais, econômicas e profissionais do operador; b) estudar o clima do local de trabalho (temperatura); e c) analisar a capacidade aeróbica do trabalhador. A metodologia empregada foi a proposta por Couto (1996) Apud (1987) e Sant'anna (1998). Pela análise dos dados, pôde-se concluir que o indivíduo da amostra era jovem, mestiço, casado, com poucos filhos e poucos dependentes financeiros, baixo nível de escolaridade, estatura média de 171,40 cm e média de peso corporal de 68,40 kg, 20% de analfabetos, de origem predominantemente rural e que professava a religião Católica. O valor do Indice de Bulbo Úmido Termômetro de Globo (IBUTG) encontrado no ambiente de produção de carvão vegetal estava de acordo com a NR 15. A capacidade aeróbica em mililitros de oxigênio por quilograma por minuto apresentou valor médio igual a 35,17 (ml02/kg/min); o menor valor foi igual a 30,56 (ml 02/kg/min) e o maior, igual a 39,23 (ml02/kg/min).

Avaliação da carga de trabalho físico e análise biomecânica de trabalhadores da carbonização em fornos tipo "rabo-quente"

Este estudo teve como objetivo principal avaliar a carga de trabalho físico e a análise biomecânica de 20 trabalhadores da carbonização em fornos tipo "rabo-quente", localizados no Norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. Para análise da freqüência cardíaca, foi utilizado o sistema Polar Eletro Oy da Finlândia. O tempo consumido pelos trabalhadores por atividade foi avaliado através do método de cronometagem individual e a análise biomecânica, realizada por programa computacional desenvolvido pela Universidade de Michigan. Os resultados evidenciaram que a carga cardiovascular exigida para a realização da atividade era de 44,5% e classificada como moderadamente pesada. A operação que mais consumia tempo de trabalho era a vedação. Havia risco de compressão no disco vertebral L5 - S1 na operação de carga, durante as fases de levantamento da rede e remoção de tora.