Oikosulkumoottorin roottorivaurioiden tunnistaminen staattorivirran avulla

Diplomityössä esitellään menetelmiä sauvarikon toteamiseksi. Työn tarkoituksena on tutkia roottorivaurioita staattorivirran avulla. Työ jaetaan karkeasti kolmeen osa-alueeseen: oikosulkumoottorin vikoihin, roottorivaurioiden tunnistamiseen ja signaalinkäsittelymenetelmiin, jonka avulla havaitaan sauvarikko. Oikosulkumoottorin vikoja ovat staattorikäämien vauriot ja roottorivauriot. Roottorikäämien vaurioita ovat roottori sauvojen murtuminen sekä roottorisauvan irtoaminen oikosulkujenkaan päästä. Roottorivaurioiden tunnistamismenetelmiä ovat parametrin arviointi ja virtaspektrianalyysi. Työn alkuosassa esitellään oikosulkumoottorien rakenne ja toiminta. Esitellään moottoriin kohdistuvia vikoja ja etsitään ratkaisumenetelmiä roottorivaurioiden tunnistamisessa. Lopuksi tutkitaan, kuinka staattorimittaustietojen perusteella saadut tulokset voidaan käsitellä FFT -algoritmilla ja kuinka FFT -algoritmi voidaan toteuttaa sulautettuna Sharc -prosessorin avulla. Työssä käytetään ADSP 21062 EZ -LAB kehitysympäristöä, jonka avulla voidaan ajaa ohjelmia RAM-sirusta, joka on vuorovaikutuksessa SHARC -laudassa oleviin laitteisiin.

Tunnuslukujärjestelmän kehittäminen projektiliiketoiminnalle

Tämän työn päätavoitteena on kehittää suorituskyvyn tunnuslukujärjestelmä projektiliiketoimintaa harjoittavalle yritykselle. Muita tavoitteita ovat kehittämisprosessin, mittaristoijen ja mittareiden käytön kartoitus sekä kohdeyrityksen suorituskyvyn nykytilanteen selvitys kerättävän esimerkki-aineiston perusteella. Yrityksen informaatiotarpeiden perusteella mittausjärjestelmän tavoitteeksi asetettiin johdon päätöksenteon tukeminen. Mittariston perusosa-alueet valittiin kirjallisuuteen ja nykyisen mittauksen puutteisiin perustuen. Alueet olivat toimittajat, henkilöstö, toiminta ja asiakkaat. Tunnusluvut valittiin yhdessä käyttäjien kanssa valmiista esimerkeistä ja yrityksessä kehitetyistä uusista ja olemassa olevista mittareista. Yrityksen suorituskyvyn nykytilaa analysoitiin valituilla tunnusluvuilla. Toimintatapojen yhtenäisyys on kehityskohde, jolla mittarien arvoista saadaan nykyistä vertailukelpoisempia ja luotettavampia. Tulevaisuudessa luotua tunnuslukujärjestelmää on kehitettävä toiminnan muutosten mukana. Toimintolaskennan käyttöönotto on eräs mahdollisuus toiminnan ja mittariston jatkokehittämiseen sekä kustannustietojen ja hinnoittelun tarkkuuden parantamiseen.

Jännitevälipiiritaajuusmuuttajan moottorikaapelin maksimipituuden määrittely

Työssä tutkitaan, kuinka pitkää moottorikaapelia on jännitevälipiiritaajuusmuuttajan kanssa mahdollista käyttää niin, että määritellyt reunaehdot vielä toteutuvat. Tavoitteena on tuottaa tietoa myynnille, markkinoinnille, tuotehallinnalle sekä tuoteylläpidolle siitä, miten taajuus-muuttaja toimii pidemmillä moottorikaapeleilla kuin valmistaja suosittelee. Tutkitut moottori-kaapelipituudet olivat 175…1025 metriä ja tutkitut laitteet nimellislähtövirroiltaan 2,4...25 A. Työssä aihetta käsitellään jänniteheijastusten näkökulmasta. Lisäksi tutkitaan moottorikaapelin pituuden vaikutusta taajuusmuuttajan eri komponenttien lämpenemiseen. Taajuusmuuttajan toiminnallisuutta arvioidaan moottorin suunnanvaihtojen avulla sekä turvallista toimintaa oikosulkutestein. Tutkittujen taajuusmuuttajien kohdalla on mahdollista käyttää taajuusmuuttajavalmistajan suositusta pidempiä moottorikaapeleita. Moottoriliittimien ylijännitteitä aiheuttavat jännite-heijastukset eivät aiheuttaneet raja-arvoja ylittäviä huippujännitteitä tutkituilla laitekokoon-panoilla. Myös lämpötilannousu oli maltillista tai jopa vähäistä taajuusmuuttajasta mitatuilla komponenteilla. Moottorisäätö havaittiin toimintakykyiseksi pidemmilläkin moottorikaape-leilla, tosin moottorin vääntömomentti heikkeni moottorikaapelien pituutta kasvatettaessa. Virranmittaus toimi hyvin myös pitkillä kaapeleilla, tuottaen vikalaukaisun kaikissa tehdyissä oikosulkutilanteissa. Moottorin ja taajuusmuuttajan melutaso nousivat moottorikaapelien pi-tuutta kasvatettaessa, vaikkakin moottorin käynti oli tasaista ja katkotonta Moottorikaapelin pituutta voidaan kasvattaa 325 metriin kaikissa tutkituissa laitteissa ilman, että mikään tutkittu ominaisuus vielä olennaisesti heikkenisi. Vielä 525 metrin moottorikaape-leita on mahdollista käyttää, mutta tällöin vääntömomentin tuotto on jo heikompaa.

A self-calibrating electrometer for atmospheric charge measurements from a balloon platform

Charged aerosol particles and water droplets are abundant throughout the lower atmosphere, and may influence interactions between small cloud droplets. This note describes a small, disposable sensor for the measurement of charge in non-thunderstorm cloud, which is an improvement of an earlier sensor [K. A. Nicoll and R. G. Harrison, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 014501 (2009)]. The sensor utilizes a self-calibrating current measurement method. It is designed for use on a free balloon platform alongside a standard meteorological radiosonde, measuring currents from 2 fA to 15 pA and is stable to within 5 fA over a temperature range of 5 °C to −60 °C. During a balloon flight with the charge sensor through a stratocumulus cloud, charge layers up to 40 pC m−3 were detected on the cloud edges.

Determining the oscillation parameters by solar neutrinos and KamLAND

The neutrino oscillation experiment KamLAND has provided us with the first evidence for e disappearance, coming from nuclear reactors. We have combined their data with all solar neutrino data, assuming two flavor neutrino mixing, and obtained allowed parameter regions which are compatible with the so-called large mixing angle MSW solution to the solar neutrino problem. The allowed regions in the plane of mixing angle and mass squared difference are now split into two islands at 99% C.L. We have speculated how these two islands can be distinguished in the near future. We have shown that a 50% reduction of the error on SNO neutral-current measurement can be important in establishing in each of these islands the true values of these parameters lie, We also have simulated KamLAND positron energy spectrum after I year of data taking, assuming the current best fitted values of the oscillation parameters, combined it the with current solar neutrino data and showed how these two split islands can be modified. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. B.V.

Síntese de nanoestruturas de ZnO por redução carbotérmica e hidrotermal, assistido por micro-ondas: caracterização como sensor

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Implementação e análise do desempenho de técnicas de monitoramento através de medição de vibração e correlação com corrente estatórica

A crescente demanda por energia elétrica aliada à grande importância deste setor para o sistema econômico nacional tem levado o governo e empresas particulares a investirem em estudos que possibilitem melhorar o desempenho dos sistemas envolvidos nesse processo, em virtude dos relevantes ganhos que esta iniciativa pode produzir. Neste contexto, esse trabalho é uma contribuição ao estudo do desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de diagnóstico de defeitos para a máquina hidrogeradora número 3 da Usina Hidrelétrica de Coaracy Nunes, localizada no Estado do Amapá. Em muitas situações os métodos de análise de vibrações são utilizados para detectar a presença de falhas nesse tipo de máquina, neste trabalho também será utilizada a análise dos sinais de corrente para fornecer indicações similares. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma metodologia de diagnóstico de defeito em máquinas elétricas através dos sinais de vibração e correlação com a análise da corrente do estator. No decorrer deste trabalho apresenta-se uma revisão bibliográfica das técnicas de monitoramento e diagnóstico das condições das máquinas elétricas, através dos ensaios de vibração correlacionados com as características da corrente estatórica. O resultado da correlação da medição de vibração com a medição de corrente se baseia em uma metodologia implementada por um sistema de aquisição e de processamento de dados desenvolvido na plataforma LabView. Os resultados experimentais foram obtidos a partir de defeitos mecânicos (desbalanceamento mecânico e defeitos nas pistas, externa e interna dos rolamentos) induzidos em uma bancada experimental concebida com intuito de representar um sistema de geração. Finalizando, os sinais de vibração e corrente foram analisados e comparados para verificar se os defeitos que foram evidenciados pelo método convencional de vibração alteravam o comportamento dos sinais de corrente. Os bons resultados desse trabalho mostram a viabilidade em estudos futuros nesta área.

Proposta de um algoritmo eficiente para a localização de faltas por relé diferencial numérico para proteção de linhas de transmissão com compensação série controlada por tiristores (TCSC)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Studies on the interaction of surfactants and neutral cyclodextrins by capillary electrophoresis. Application to chiral analysis

In the present study, mixed systems composed of SDS in the presence of neutral cyclodextrins were considered. Firstly, the effect of the CDs on the CMC of the surfactant was evaluated by CE experiments. Furthermore, a new CE approach based on electric current measurement was developed for the estimation of the stoichiometry as well as of the binding constants of SDS-CDs complexes. The results of these investigations were compared to those obtained with a different technique, electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The obtained results suggested that methylated CDs, in particular (2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CD), strongly affect the micellization of SDS in comparison to the other studied CDs. This effect also paralleled the chiral CD-MEKC performance, as indicated by the enantioresolution of (+/-)-Catechin, which was firstly selected as a model compound representative of important chiral phytomarkers. Then a CD-MEKC system, composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant (90 mM) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (25 mM) as chiral selector, under acidic conditions (25 mM borate – phosphate buffer, pH 2.5) was applied to study the thermal epimerisation of epi-structured catechins, (-)-Epicatechin and (-)-Epigallocatechin, to non epi-structured (-)-Catechin and (-)-Gallocatechin. The latter compounds, being non-native molecules, were for the first time regarded as useful phytomarkers of tea sample degradation. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of more than twenty tea samples of different geographical origins (China, Japan, Ceylon), having undergone different storage conditions and manufacturing processes.

Diversity of the basic defect of homozygous CFTR mutation genotypes in humans

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of how CFTR mutations other than F508del translate into the basic defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) is scarce due to the low incidence of homozygous index cases. METHODS: 17 individuals who are homozygous for deletions, missense, stop or splice site mutations in the CFTR gene were investigated for clinical symptoms of CF and assessed in CFTR function by sweat test, nasal potential difference and intestinal current measurement. RESULTS: CFTR activity in sweat gland, upper airways and distal intestine was normal for homozygous carriers of G314E or L997F and in the range of F508del homozygotes for homozygous carriers of E92K, W1098L, R553X, R1162X, CFTRdele2(ins186) or CFTRdele2,3(21 kb). Homozygotes for M1101K, 1898+3 A-G or 3849+10 kb C-T were not consistent CF or non-CF in the three bioassays. 14 individuals exhibited some chloride conductance in the airways and/or in the intestine which was identified by the differential response to cAMP and DIDS as being caused by CFTR or at least two other chloride conductances. DISCUSSION: CFTR mutations may lead to unusual electrophysiological or clinical manifestations. In vivo and ex vivo functional assessment of CFTR function and in-depth clinical examination of the index cases are indicated to classify yet uncharacterised CFTR mutations as either disease-causing lesions, risk factors, modifiers or neutral variants.

A sensorless virtual slave control scheme for kinematically dissimilar master-slave teleoperation

The use of telerobotic systems is essential for remote handling (RH) operations in radioactive areas of scientific facilities that generate high doses of radiation. Recent developments in remote handling technology has seen a great deal of effort being directed towards the design of modular remote handling control rooms equipped with a standard master arm which will be used to separately control a range of different slave devices. This application thus requires a kinematically dissimilar master-slave control scheme. In order to avoid drag and other effects such as friction or other non-linear and unmodelled slave arm effects of the common position-position architecture in nonbackdrivable slaves, this research has implemented a force-position control scheme. End-effector force is derived from motor torque values which, to avoid the use of radiation intolerant and costly sensing devices, are inferred from motor current measurement. This has been demonstrated on a 1-DOF test-rig with a permanent magnet synchronous motor teleoperated by a Sensable Phantom Omni® haptic master. This has been shown to allow accurate control while realistically conveying dynamic force information back to the operator.

Electrodeposition of cermets

Modern engineering requirements are frequently near the limits of application of conventional materials. For many purposes, particularly tribological, the most satisfactory solution is frequently the application of a resistant coating to the surface of a common metal. Electrodeposited cermet coatings have proved very satisfactory: some of the factors underlying the cernet electrodeposition process have been investigated. A ceramic particle in contact with an electrolyte solution will carry a charge which may affect the kinetics of the suspended particle under electroplating conditions. Measurerment has been made of this charge on particles of silicon carbide, chrornium diboride and quartz, in contiact with solutions of copper sulphate/ sulphuric acid in terms of the electrokinetic (zeta) potential and also as surface charge density. The methocl used was that of streaming potential and streaming current measurement

Measurement Properties of the Smartphone-Based B-B Score in Current Shoulder Pathologies.

NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">This study is aimed at the determination of the measurement properties of the shoulder function B-B Score measured with a smartphone. This score measures the symmetry between sides of a power-related metric for two selected movements, with 100% representing perfect symmetry. Twenty healthy participants, 20 patients with rotator cuff conditions, 23 with fractures, 22 with capsulitis, and 23 with shoulder instabilities were measured twice across a six-month interval using the B-B Score and shoulder function questionnaires. The discriminative power, responsiveness, diagnostic power, concurrent validity, minimal detectable change (MDC), minimal clinically important improvement (MCII), and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) were evaluated. Significant differences with the control group and significant baseline-six-month differences were found for the rotator cuff condition, fracture, and capsulitis patient groups. The B-B Score was responsive and demonstrated excellent diagnostic power, except for shoulder instability. The correlations with clinical scores were generally moderate to high, but lower for instability. The MDC was 18.1%, the MCII was 25.2%, and the PASS was 77.6. No floor effect was observed. The B-B Score demonstrated excellent measurement properties in populations with rotator cuff conditions, proximal humerus fractures, and capsulitis, and can thus be used as a routine test to evaluate those patients.