Influência do modelo de governação das administrações portuárias no seu desempenho

Mestrado em Auditoria

Toimitusvalvonnan tehostaminen projektiympäristössä

Työn tutkimusongelmana on selvittää mitä on toimitusvalvonta, ja miten toimitusvalvontaa voidaan tehostaa projektitoiminnassa valvottaessa ulkopuolelta tilattuja laitteita. Tutkimuksen tuloksena annetaan hyviä käytäntöjä ja neuvoja miten toimitusvalvonta tulisi järjestää taloudellisesti ja kuitenkin tehokkaasti. Tutkimus tehtiin konstruktiivisena case-tutkimuksena havainnoimalla ja haastatteluilla. Raporttia varten tehtiin kirjallisuustutkimus, jonka tuloksena on tutkimuksen teoriaosuus. Tutkimuksen teoriaosassa on käsitelty toimitusvalvonnan työympäristöä yleisemmin ja on käyty läpi yksityiskohtaisesti toimitusvalvojan tehtävät aikataulun, kustannusten ja toimituslaajuuden valvonnassa. Teoriaosassa selvitetään myös niitä perimmäisiä syitä, jotka aiheuttavat ongelmia asiakkaan ja toimittajan välillä koskien toimituksen taloutta, riskien jakoa ja teknisiä ratkaisuja. Tutkimuksen loppuosissa on yhdistetty alkuosan teoria ja tutkimuksesta saadut tehostamistoimenpiteet sekä hyvät käytännöt. Siinä annetaan malli, miten toimitusvalvonta on mahdollista organisoida projektissa niin, että se on taloudellisesti tehokasta ja resurssit on mahdollista suunnata niihin kohteisiin, joissa niistä on eniten hyötyä. Lisäksi käydään läpi yleisimpiä ongelmakohtia.

UNIDROIT-periaatteiden hardship sopimusriskien hallinnan välineenä

Tutkielman tarkoituksena on tutkia, miten hardship-ehdon käyttö ennakoivan sopimussuunnittelun välineenä kansainvälisiä kauppasopimuksia solmittaessa parantaa sopimuksellista riskienhallintaa. Tähän sisältyy myös ehdot sopimuksen uudelleenneuvottelusta, joihin sopimusosapuolten tulee ryhtyä, jos hardshipin osoittama taloudellinen liikavaikeus on todella sopimuksessa tapahtuneen muutoksen syynä. Lisäksi tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten sopimuskäsityksen muutos ennakoivaan suuntaan on luonut sopimusosapuolille mahdollisuuksia suunnitella sopimuksiaan paremmin. Tutkimuksessa käytetään lainopillista lähestymistapaa. Tarkoituksena on löytää vastaus käsillä olevaan kysymykseen voimassa olevan lainsäädännön avulla sekä saatavilla olevaan kirjallisuuteen perehtyen. Hardship-ehdon voidaan nähdä parantavan sopimuksellista riskienhallintaa tehokkaasti. Ehto on toimiva varsinkin liike-elämän pitkäkestoisissa sopimuksissa, joissa sopimuksen sitovuus on korostuneessa asemassa. Hardship-ehto dynaamisena välineenä takaa sopimuksen sitovuuden tarjoamalla muuttuneiden olosuhteiden korjaamiseen uudelleenneuvotteluja ja näin ollen mahdollisuuden tasapainottaa sopimuksessa vallitseva epätasapaino.

Benefits and challenges of supply chain finance business process automation : A case study in ING Bank

Supply chain finance, a financial product provided by the bank, has gained increasing attention and popularity over the last few years. Supply chain finance helps the corporate clients to optimize their financial flows along the supply chain. One characteristic of supply chain finance is that it aims to provide automated solutions. Therefore, the business process automation of supply chain finance is a very interesting and important topic for study. In this study, the business process automation of supply chain finance within the case organization, ING, is analysed. The purpose is to: (1) Identify the benefits to understand the importance to automate supply chain finance business process; (2) Find out the existing automation degree in the supply chain finance business process within the case bank to see what’s the situation now and how to improve in the future; (3) Discover the challenges in the further automation of supply chain finance business process. Firstly, the study finds out that supply chain finance business process automation can bring many benefits to the bank. Automation can improve productivity by using less time and human labour in the business process, and by providing scalable solutions. Automation can also improve quality of the service by reducing the human errors. Last but not least, automation can improve internal governance by providing enhanced visibility of the business process. Because of these potential benefits, many banks are actively seeking solutions to automate their supply chain finance business process. Then, the current automation situation with the case bank is analysed with the help of business process modelling. The supply chain finance business process within the case bank can be further divided into several sub processes: daily transaction, buyer sales and setup, supplier onboarding, contract management, customer services and supports, and contract termination. The study finds out that the daily transaction process is already a highly automated, which is carried out through the web-based trading platform. However, for other business the automation degree is relatively low. Among these business processes, supplier onboarding is most needed for further automation. Then, some solutions are also suggested to automate the supplier onboarding business process. In the end, the study also foresees some challenges during the further automation of supply chain finance business process in the case bank. Some suggestions are also given to deal with these challenges.

Startup IPR strategies: Why should startup companies protect their intellectual property?

This thesis studies intellectual property right (also: IPR) strategies from the perspective of high growth startup companies. Due to technology development and intellectualization of business, large part of companies’ assets are nowadays intangible. At the same time, the importance of protection instruments designed to protect these intangible assets, intellectual property rights, is increasing. Utilization of these instruments, however, requires understanding of the functioning of the IPR system, as well as financial resources. Startup companies aiming for growth need to be able compete with more established companies also in relation to intangible assets, but they might not have the required knowledge ot resources to fully utilize IPRs in their business. This research aims to understand what are the benefits a startup company can have from protecting their IPRs, and how can the company achieve those benefits. Based on a review of previous literature, altogether 11 benefits of IPR registration were recognized. To answer to the research questions, six half-structured interviews were conducted with experts form different fields, all with experience in working with startup companies and IPR issues. The interviews were analyzed using different methods of qualitative data analysis, mainly derived from grounded theory and case study methods. As a result, out of the 11 benefits recognized from earlier literature, 8 were recognized to be relevant for startup companies. The most central benefits were recognized to be linked with the financial lifecycle of the startup company, including increasing credibility of the startup and stimulating an investment. In addition it was noticed, that startup companies are mainly able to utilize these benefits at later stages of their lifecycle. However, to be able to utilize the benefits at later stages, the startup company needs to be aware of the functioning of the IPR system and might need to apply for appropriate protection already early on. As a result of this study, a three-step model was formed to describe different levels of IPR utilization. The first level of the model represents the minimum level of understanding that every startup company should have regarding IPRs. The second level views IPR strategy from a risk management perspective, including securing the minimum protection of the company’s own IPRs, contract management and establishing processes for handling IPR issues. The last stage reflects strategic use of IPRs. At this third stage intellectual property rights have a central role in the startup company’s business, and they are used in the company’s value creation.

Toimitussopimuksen johtaminen pk-yrityksessä

Tutkielmassa paneudutaan sopimusjohtamiseen yleisellä tasolla, siihen liittyviin haasteisiin ja niiden mahdollisiin ratkaisuihin, painopisteenä pk-yritykset. Kandidaatintutkielmassa on suoritettu haastattelutukimus pienessä yrityksessä, jonka sopimusjohtamisen haasteisiin ja niiden kehityskeinoihin etsitään ratkaisua.

An Assessment of the Degree of Implementation of the Lean Aerospace Initiative Principles and Practices within the US Aerospace and Defense Industry

This report is a formal documentation of the results of an assessment of the degree to which Lean Principles and Practices have been implemented in the US Aerospace and Defense Industry. An Industry Association team prepared it for the DCMA-DCAAIndustry Association “Crosstalk” Coalition in response to a “Crosstalk” meeting action request to the industry associations. The motivation of this request was provided by the many potential benefits to system product quality, affordability and industry responsiveness, which a high degree of industry Lean implementation can produce.

Proceedings of the West Africa Built Environment Research (WABER) Conference 2010

FOREWORD Welcome to this West Africa Built Environment Research (WABER) conference taking place here in Ghana. Thank you for coming and welcome to Accra. The main aims of the WABER conference are: to help young researchers and early-career scholars in West Africa to develop their research work and skills through constructive face-to-face interaction with experienced academics; to provide a platform for networking and collaborative work among senior built environment academics in West Africa; and to serve as a vehicle for developing the field of construction management and economics in Africa. Waber 2009 The WABER event in 2009 was held at the British Council in Accra, Ghana on 2-3 June. The event was a resounding success. It attracted participation from 32 researchers, from 12 different institutions, who presented their work to an audience of approximately 100 people. Each presenter received immediate and constructive feedback from an international panel. The event was opened by Professor K.K. Adarkwa, Vice Chancellor of KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana, with several senior academics and researchers from universities, polytechnics, and other institutions in Ghana and Nigeria in attendance. There was also a significant level of attendance by senior construction practitioners in Ghana. Thank you to the School of Construction Management and Engineering, University of Reading, UK for funding the inaugural event in 2009. We are also grateful to all of you who helped to make the event a success and to those of you who have joined us here today to build upon the success and legacy of WABER 2009. Waber 2010 This year, we have 60+ peer-reviewed papers and presentations on topics relating to Building services and maintenance, Construction costs, Construction design and technology, Construction education, Construction finance, Construction procurement, Contract administration, Contract management, Contractor development, Decision support systems, Dispute resolution, Economic development, Energy efficiency, Environment and sustainability, Health and safety, Human resources, Information technology, Marketing, Materials science, Organisation strategy and business performance, Productivity, Project management, Quantity surveying, Real estate and planning, Solar energy systems, Supply chain management and Urban development. We hope that these papers will generate interest among delagates and stimulate discussion here and beyond the conference into the wider community of academia and industry. The delegates at this conference come from 10 different countries. This provides a rich international and multicultural blend and a perfect platform for networking and developing collaborations. This year we are blessed to have three high profile keynote speakers in the persons of Professor George Ofori (National University of Singapore), Dr Roine Leiringer (University of Reading, UK) and Professor Will Hughes (University of Reading, UK). We are also thankful to Dr Chris Harty (University of Reading, UK) who is facilitating the Research Skills Workshop on ‘Writing a scientific article’. Thank you to Dr Sena Agyepong of our conference organising team for her capable management of local organising arrangements. And above all, thank you to all of you for coming to this conference. Enjoy and have a safe journey back home. Dr Samuel Laryea School of Construction Management and Engineering University of Reading, July 2010

Contrato de Gestão: A Experiência da CESAN

o objetivo deste estudo é explorar os motivos que levaram à interrupção do contrato de gestão da CESAN, sem uma explicação relevante. A análise da crise gerada com o fracasso do contrato de gestão da CESAN, considerado naquele período de gestão como ferramenta indispensável ao apoio gerencial, demonstrou a necessidade de aprofundar conhecimento sobre o assunto. Estudos foram realizados buscando uma explicação, particularmente no que se refere à verificação do grau de integração dos sistemas de planejamento da CESAN e o Estado, assim como o comprometimento político e a consistência do arcabouço institucional do contrato. O produto da pesquisa foi apresentado a profissionais da CESAN devidamente qualificados, com formação acadêmica em Mestrado e/ou MBA, que, após sua leitura, participaram de rodadas de conhecimento e reuniões críticas, com a finalidade de tornar o conteúdo do documento mais completo e próximo da realidade vivenciada. O conhecimento gerado dará contribuições de alta relevãncia para o setor, uma vez que os três níveis de governo carecem de ferramentas semelhantes ao contrato de gestão como estratégia para reverter a incapacidade da máquina pública. As experiências encontradas em documentações e no meio literário aqui reunidas, permitiram avaliar a objetividade de critérios e o nível de comprometimento entre os diversos segmentos envolvidos, condições básicas para a sustentação e a continuidade do contrato de gestão.

O contrato de gestão como um instrumento de modernização do estado

Este estudo discute processo de implantação do contrato de gestão na Administração Pública brasileira particularmente, experiência iniciada pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo, em 1991. objetivo principal do contrato de gestão concentrar controle governamental sobre os resultados das entidades, que possibilita simplificação gradativa das estruturas normativas introdução de um sistema de sanções recompensas. Este sistema pode viabilizar implantação de novas formas de avaliação de desempenho contribuir para aumentar produtividade no setor público. contrato de gestão um instrumento que incentiva diálogo parceria torna transparentes as intenções orientações entre as partes contratantes. Além disso, pode funcionar como um instrumento de racionalização administrativa comunicação interna para própria instituição. existência de um planejamento prévio uma das pré-condições necessárias ao processo de implantação do contrato de gestão. As metas objetivos devem ser especificadas de forma precisa, clara sem ambigüidade, refletir as condições capacidades reais da entidade. Alguns problemas podem ser evitados, se for previsto um estágio inicial de preparação dos técnicos responsáveis pela implantação acompanhamento dos contratos, nos conceitos instrumentos indispensáveis ao processo. fundamental que seja previsto também, um período de negociação do apoio dos principais decisores formadores de opinião, de conscientização preparação do corpo funcional das entidades.

Metodologia adotada pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo para avaliação dos hospitais administrados por organizações sociais de saúde na região metropolitana de São Paulo

O tema central deste estudo é descrever e analisar a metodologia de avaliação adotada pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo para avaliar os hospitais administrados por Organizações Sociais de Saúde (OSS), localizados na região metropolitana de São Paulo. O objetivo é descrever e analisar as dimensões selecionadas pela CGCSS – Coordenadoria de Gestão de Contratos de Serviços de Saúde e identificar os indicadores e as informaçoes geradas pelas OSS e encaminhadas rotineiramente para a CGCSS, além das ações tomadas em relação ao resultado dos indicadores e metas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, sendo analisados documentos técnicos e realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com técnicos da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo e com integrantes da Comissão de Avaliação da Execução dos Contratos de Gestão das Organizações Sociais. Conclui-se que a metodologia de avaliação de desempenho da OSS atende ao disposto na legislação estadual constante na lei nº 846/98, por meio do controle dos indicadores acordados previamente. Porém, a metodologia carece de indicadores capazes de avaliar a qualidade do serviço e o uso dos recursos financeiros. Um dos fatores relevantes em relação à pesquisa foi a falta de acesso aos dados, o que constitui a falta de publicização dos dados, por parte da SES/SP. Porém com a ajuda de alguns membros da comissão foi possível o acesso tardio, por entenderem ser informações públicas.

Promoting competitive markets:the role of public procurement

The study presented here examines how public procurement agencies address establishing and maintaining competitive markets; a topic still in its academic infancy. Cases are used to address impediments and improve understanding of strategic priorities in managing for competitive markets. Public policy academics have observed many competing policies in the wider public sector. Specifically, this paper identifies a need for research on supplier incentives at a market level, on the post contract management of suppliers and as an important sub-set, key supplier relationship management, along with professional development.

Building the hybrid organisation through ERP and enterprise social software

This research traces the implementation of an information system in the form of ERP modules covering tenant and contract management in a Chinese service company. Misalignments between the ERP system specification and user needs led to the adoption of informal processes within the organisation. These processes are facilitated within an informal organisational structure and are based on human interactions undertaken within the formal organisation. Rather than to attempt to suppress the emergence of the informal organisation the company decided to channel the energies of staff involved in informal processes towards organisational goals. The company achieved this by harnessing the capabilities of what we term a hybrid ERP system, combining the functionality of a traditional (formal) ERP installation with the capabilities of Enterprise Social Software (ESS). However the company recognised that the successful operation of the hybrid ERP system would require a number of changes in organisational design in areas such as reporting structures and communication channels. A narrative provided by interviews with company personnel is thematised around the formal and informal characteristics of the organisation as defined in the literature. This leads to a definition of the characteristics of the hybrid organisation and strategies for enabling a hybrid organisation, facilitated by a hybrid ERP system, which directs formal and informal behaviour towards organisational goals and provides a template for future hybrid implementations.

Three essays on hospital efficiency

This dissertation analyzes hospital efficiency using various econometric techniques. The first essay provides additional and recent evidence to the presence of contract management behavior in the U.S. hospital industry. Unlike previous studies, which focus on either an input-demand equation or the cost function of the firm, this paper estimates the two jointly using a system of nonlinear equations. Moreover, it addresses the longitudinal problem of institutions adopting contract management in different years, by creating a matched control group of non-adopters with the same longitudinal distribution as the group under study. The estimation procedure then finds that labor, and not capital, is the preferred input in U.S. hospitals regardless of managerial contract status. With institutions that adopt contract management benefiting from lower labor inefficiencies than the simulated non-contract adopters. These results suggest that while there is a propensity for expense preference behavior towards the labor input, contract managed firms are able to introduce efficiencies over conventional, owner controlled, firms. Using data for the years 1998 through 2007, the second essay investigates the production technology and cost efficiency faced by Florida hospitals. A stochastic frontier multiproduct cost function is estimated in order to test for economies of scale, economies of scope, and relative cost efficiencies. The results suggest that small-sized hospitals experience economies of scale, while large and medium sized institutions do not. The empirical findings show that Florida hospitals enjoy significant scope economies, regardless of size. Lastly, the evidence suggests that there is a link between hospital size and relative cost efficiency. The results of the study imply that state policy makers should be focused on increasing hospital scale for smaller institutions while facilitating the expansion of multiproduct production for larger hospitals. The third and final essay employs a two staged approach in analyzing the efficiency of hospitals in the state of Florida. In the first stage, the Banker, Charnes, and Cooper model of Data Envelopment Analysis is employed in order to derive overall technical efficiency scores for each non-specialty hospital in the state. Additionally, input slacks are calculated and reported in order to identify the factors of production that each hospital may be over utilizing. In the second stage, we employ a Tobit regression model in order to analyze the effects a number of structural, managerial, and environmental factors may have on a hospital’s efficiency. The results indicated that most non-specialty hospitals in the state are operating away from the efficient production frontier. The results also indicate that the structural make up, managerial choices, and level of competition Florida hospitals face have an impact on their overall technical efficiency.

Autoavaliação da governança de TI em uma autarquia federal com base na gestão de riscos

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, 2016.