978 resultados para Work Schedule Tolerance
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Introduction: La participation sociale "optimale" peut se dfinir comme une congruence parfaite entre les attentes de l'individu et sa ralit. La conciliation travail-famille fait appel l'quilibre des diffrentes sphres de vie du travailler. On peut alors s'interroger sur la perception de l'optimalit qu'ont les professionnels de la radaptation quant leur propre niveau de participation, conciliant plusieurs sphres de vie et les facteurs qui influencent cette participation. But: Explorer la perception de l'optimalit de la participation sociale chez des professionnels de la radaptation et les facteurs identifis par ces derniers comme l'influenant. Mthode: tude qualitative d'orientation phnomnologique auprs de treize professionnels de la radaptation l'aide d'un guide d'entrevue compos de questions ouvertes. Les donnes recueillies ont t enregistres sur bande audio et transcrites intgralement (verbatim) suivi d'une analyse de contenu. Rsultats: Les participants, majoritairement des femmes (12/13) taient gs de 31 44 ans et avaient entre un et trois enfants dont l'ge variait de 7 mois 12 ans. L'optimalit de la participation est perue comme: la possibilit (ou non) d'accomplir ses activits significatives tout en prenant en charge ses diffrentes responsabilits. Parmi les cinq facteurs environnementaux perus comme ayant une influence (l'aspect financier, le soutien du conjoint, le temps, la flexibilit des horaires au travail et la structure familiale) la structure familiale apparait comme dterminante du possible et influence ainsi grandement les attentes individuelles.Conclusion: La conciliation travail-famille est un phnomne complexe qui gagne tre tudi dans sa globalit plutt qu'en silo.
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Lobjectif principal de ce mmoire est dapprofondir ltat des connaissances au niveau des explications sociales des problmes de sant mentale au sein de la main-duvre. Il porte plus particulirement sur le rle mdiateur du conflit travail-famille dans la squence causale entre les conditions de lorganisation du travail et le dveloppement des symptmes dpressifs. Les analyses ncessaires pour cette tude ont t effectues partir de donnes issues de lenqute SALVEO qui portait sur les dterminants de la sant mentale au travail dans la population canadienne. Les analyses de cheminement de causalit multiniveaux ont rvl que le conflit travail-famille tait significativement associ aux symptmes dpressifs. Cependant, les rsultats ne permettaient pas de conclure que leffet de toutes les conditions de lorganisation du travail tait totalement mdiatis par le conflit travail-famille. Les rsultats issus dune dmarche exploratoire indiquent nanmoins que certaines associations entre les conditions de lorganisation du travail et les symptmes dpressifs sont compltement mdiatises, que certaines sont partiellement mdiatises et que certaines sont associes directement avec les symptmes dpressifs. Leffet des demandes psychologiques, des heures de travail, de lhoraire de travail, du soutien des collgues et du revenu professionnel est compltement captur par le conflit travail-famille. Lassociation entre linscurit demploi et les symptmes dpressifs est plutt mdiatise partiellement. C'est--dire quune partie de leffet de cette condition de travail agit directement sur les symptmes dpressifs, tandis quune partie de leffet est indirect et passe par le conflit travail-famille. Par consquent, ces rsultats invitent les recherches futures ainsi que les interventions en entreprise considrer le rle central et complexe du conflit travail-famille dans la relation entre les conditions de lorganisation du travail et les symptmes dpressifs.
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Resumen Objetivo. El desenlace temprano del trauma ocupacional agudo (TOA) puede estar condicionado al desarrollo industrial local en relacin con el momento de la semana donde se presente el evento, por lo que evaluamos las diferencias en los desenlaces clnicos tempranos de trabajadores que presentaron TOA en diferentes momentos de la semana. Metodologa. Se realiz un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo utilizando una base de datos administrativa de trabajadores atendidos por TOA, entre enero/2007-diciembre/2010, en una institucin hospitalaria de III nivel de Bogot. Se compar la distribucin del TOA entre semana (ES) y en fin de semana (FdS) segn variables sociodemogrficas/clnicas y la mediana de estancia hospitalaria (EH), el riesgo de muerte o de un trauma especfico. Resultados. Se incluyeron 65169 trabajadores, la mayora hombres (78,4%), adultos jvenes (83,7%), edad mediana 31 aos, con razn de ingreso ES:FdS 3:1, predominantemente durante el da (81,3%). La EH mediana (horas) en FdS (0,48) fue mayor que ES (0,43) (p: 0,000) en general y al evaluar por las sub-categoras de sexo, grupo de edad, momento de ingreso, rea de manejo y estado al alta. Se presentaron 35 muertes, con mayor riesgo (OR;IC95%) en el grupo 45-64 aos (3,47;1,71-6,76), en los ingresados en la noche (3,27;1,64-6,40) o durante el FdS (4,57;1,25-18,4). Durante el FdS se identific mayor riesgo de TOA con compromiso de Cabeza/Cuello, traumas mltiples y de causadas por vehculos en movimiento. Durante el FdS disminuy la frecuencia de trabajadores atendidos por Ortopedia/Oftalmologa/Ciruga General (p: < 0,05). Conclusin. Evidenciamos que los trabajadores ingresados por TOA durante el FdS presentaron mayor EH y riesgo de muerte; adems se identific una redistribucin en el Servicio de atencin en el FdS, con una baja frecuencia de atenciones prestadas por mdicos especialistas.
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Exploratory, descriptive and quantitative study with prospective data, performed in the Mobile Emergency Care Service in the metropolitan region of Natal/RN, in order to identify the knowledge of the multidisciplinary team about the rules of standard precautions and worker safety, to identify occupational hazards peculiar to the activities of this service; characterize work-related accidents (WRA) and know the procedures adopted after each WRA. The population consisted of 162 professionals and data were collected between the months of November and December 2010. As for personal and professional characteristics, of the 162 professional, 12,96% were physicians; 6,79%, nurses; 33,95%, nursing technicians, 46,29%, conductors; 74,70% were male; 43,21% were between 31 and 40 years old; 69,33% lived in Natal/RN, 50,00% had completed high school; 58,64% were married; 69,75% had children, 46,91% were between 1 and 4 years of training; 61,73% had improvement courses; 59,25% had 3 to 4 years of service; 54,32%, with 1-4 years experience in emergency; 44,44% received 1-2 minimum wages; 78,40% received insalubrity premium; 67,28% worked in Basic Support Unit (BSU); 83,95% had journey on SAMU Metropolitano of 31-40 hours per week; 52,47% had other employments. As for knowledge of rules of standard precautions, safety and occupational hazards, 99,38% knew what it was WRA; 62,96% gave incomplete answers; 74,07% knew the rules of prevent WRA; 46,67% acquired this knowledge in lectures; 53,09% knew Personal Protective Equipment (PPE); 71,60% gave incorrect answers about the importance of standard precautions; 45,06% never received an educational intervention on this issue; 89,51% said that educational interventions in the prevention of WRA are very important; 90,12% pointed out this as a very important issue in the workplace; 27,00% suggested guidance on the topic in the workplace; regarding the physical hazards, 34,57% considered noise as the most important; about chemical hazards, 78,40% chose the gases and smoke; for biological hazards, 48,77% reported contact with the blood; for mechanical hazards, 80,86% said that were transport accidents; about ergonomic risks, 40,12% say it is the tension/stress in the care of critically ill, psychiatric and aggressive patients; and there was an average of 4,5 to the feeling of safety in the workplace. Regarding the data on the WRAs occurred, 31,48% experienced at least one accident event; 72,55% did not notify it; 60,98% answered that there was no routine for notification; 56,86% were performing patient transportation; 49,02% were hurt in the Basic Support Unit/Rescue Unit (BSU/RH); 60,78% occurred during the day; 96,08% of professionals were in normal work schedule (24 hours on duty); 31,37% had contusion; 58.82% had damage to members/pelvic girdle; 43,14% had traffic accidents. About the evolution of the WRA, 62,75% did not have to take time away from work; 76,47% had no sequelae; 88,24% did not require rehabilitation; no professional had a change of occupation. And by means of univariate logistic regression, showed that the nurses and male sex were risk factors for the occurrence of WRA. We conclude that there were gaps in the knowledge of staff regarding WRA, emphasizing the need for continuing education in biosafety in the service.
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In the school environment is fundamental the knowledge about the sleep-wake cycle (SWC), because we find children and adolescents with excessive sleepiness and learning difficulties. Furthermore, teachers with high demand and with different work schedule, which may contribute to changes in SWC. The aim of this study was to describe the SWC of high school teachers in Natal/RN. Habits and knowledge about sleep, chronotype, SWC, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and job satisfaction were described in 98 high school teachers from public and private school. These parameters were compared according to the characteristics of work, family structure and gender. Data collection was performed with the use of questionnaires in two stages: 1) "health and sleep" (general characterization of sleep habits), Horne & Ostberg questionnaire (characterization of chronotype), Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Index of Pittsburg Sleep Quality, 2) The sleep diary for 14 days. From the results, we observe that the teachers woke up and went to bed earlier in the week and showed a reduction of time in bed around 42min comparing to weekend. This reduction in time in bed during the week was accompanied by an increase in nap duration on weekend. In addition the teachers woke up earlier on Saturdays than on Sundays, probably due to housework and leisure. The teachers' knowledge about sleep was low in relation to individual differences and effect of alcoholic beverages on sleep, and high in the consequences of sleep deprivation. The differences found in comparisons on the characteristics of work, family structure and gender were punctual, except concerning the work schedule. The teacher who started work in the morning and finished in the night, woke up earlier, went to bed later and had less time in bed, when compared to teachers who work only in two shifts. In addition, teachers with late chronotypes who begin the work in the morning had a greater irregularity in the wake up time compared to teachers with earlier and intermediate chronotypes. Half of teachers have excessive sleepiness, which was positive correlated with work dissatisfaction. In general, teachers showed IPSQ averages equivalent to poor sleep quality and the women showed worst averages. From the results, it is suggested that the SWC of teachers varies according to work schedule, leading to irregularity and partial sleep deprivation in the week, although these responses vary according to chronotype. These changes are accompanied by excessive daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality. However, it is necessary to expand the sample to clarify the influence of variables related to work, family structure and gender together
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The rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. Of Juss.) Muell. Arg.] can be affected by the occurrence of the fungus Oidium heveae, which causes one of the most important diseases of rubber trees, powdery mildew. This work meet changes in photosynthetic pigments, an indicator of oxidative stress, in seedlings of three Hevea brasiliensis clones, RRIM 600, GT1 and PR255, under infection in Oidium heveae. The experiment was conducted in an open environment under natural photoperiod conditions and at the beginning of the trial, the rubber plants that would be inoculated were sprayed with an aqueous suspension containing Oidium heveae at a concentration of 16 x 104conidia mL-1. On the day of inoculation and after 48, 96, 144 and 192 h leaf samples were collected for the determination of photosynthetic pigments. Degradation in photosynthetic pigments in the period of infection was observed in rubber tree clones studied; thus, there is oxidative stress in clones of rubber trees. No promising genetic material for genetic improvement work stress tolerance by Oidium heveae was identified.
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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)
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Earlier this year, took office in Congress deputies and senators regarding the Legislature from 2015 to 2019. Most elected officials has been identified as more conservative character, which should change the work schedule in the Legislative Houses. In this context, this experimental project consists of a journalistic reporting that aims to analyze how this new composition can affect issues involving the agenda of the LGBT community, in particular, the bills criminalizing the practice of homophobia. The work aims to reach politically minded readers between 21 and 60 years, in order to educate them about the importance of this issue. Therefore, we performed the calculation of violence perpetrated against this population, studied the new profile of the Congress, analyzed how Judiciary acts front of legislative inertia and made interviews. The report compiles important data about the issue and provides, as a result, information reinforced by experts to potentially broaden the understanding of readers about the fact
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Drugs are important risk factors for traffic accidents. In Brazil, truck drivers report using amphetamines to maintain their extensive work schedule and stay awake. These drugs can be obtained without prescription easily on Brazilian roads. The use of these stimulants can result in health problems and can be associated with traffic accidents. There are Brazilian studies that show that drivers use drugs. However, these studies are questionnaire-based and do not always reflect real-life situations. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the prevalence of drug use by truck drivers on the roads of Sao Paulo State, Brazil, during 2009. Drivers of large trucks were randomly stopped by police officers on the interstate roads during morning hours. After being informed of the goals of the study, the drivers gave written informed consent before providing a urine sample. In addition, a questionnaire concerning sociodemographic characteristics and health information was administered. Urine samples were screened for amphetamines, cocaine, and cannabinoids by immunoassay and the confirmation was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Of the 488 drivers stopped, 456 (93.4%) provided urine samples, and 9.3% of them (n = 42) tested positive for drugs. Amphetamines were the most commonly found (n = 26) drug, representing 61.9% of the positive samples. Ten cases tested positive for cocaine (23.8%), and five for cannabinoids (11.9%). All drivers were male with a mean age of 40 +/- 10.8 years, and 29.3% of them reported some health problem (diabetes, high blood pressure and/or stress). A high incidence of truck drivers who tested positive for drug use was found, among other reported health problems. Thus, there is an evident need to promote a healthier lifestyle among professional drivers and a need for preventive measures aimed at controlling the use of drugs by truck drivers in Brazil. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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This project set out to investigate the effects of the recent massive social transitions in Eastern Europe on the everyday social lives of the inhabitants of three very different nations: Georgia, Russia and Hungary. It focused in particular on the availability and nature of the support networks available to three different segments of each of the societies (manual workers, students and entrepreneurs) and the impact of network participation on psychological and physical well-being. The group set four specific questions to investigate: the part played by individual psychological beliefs in the formation and maintenance of social networks and the consequent formation of trusting relations; the implication of the size and quality of these networks for mental health; the nature of the social groups inhabited by the respondents and the implication of their work schedule and daily routines on the maintenance of a social and family life; and an analysis of how cultures vary in their social networks and intimacy. Three different methods were used to examine social support and its implications: structured questionnaires, semi-structured short interviews and a media analysis of newspaper materials. The questionnaires were administered to 150 participants in each country, equally divided between students studying full time, manual workers employed in factories, and business people (small kiosk owners, whose work and life style differs considerably from that of the manual workers). The questionnaires investigated various predictors of social support including the locus of control, relationship beliefs, individualism-collectivism and egalitarianism, demographic variables (age, gender and occupation), social support, both in general and in relation to significant events that have occurred since the transition from communism. Those with an internal locus of control were more likely to report a higher level of social support, as were collectivists, while age too was a significant predictor, with younger respondents enjoying higher levels of support, regardless of the measures of support employed. Respondents across the cultures referred to a decline of social support and the group also found a direct correlation between social support and mental health outcomes. All 450 respondents were interviewed on their general responses to changes in their lives since the fall of communism and the effects of their work lives on their social lives and the home environment. The interviews revealed considerable variations in the way in which work-life offered opportunities for a broader social life and also provided a hindrance to the development of fulfilling relationships. Many of the work experiences discussed were culture specific, with work having a particularly negative impact on the social life of Russian entrepreneurs but being seen much more positively in Georgia. This may reflect the nature of support offered in a society as overall support levels were lowest in Russia, meaning that social support may be of particular importance there. The way in cultural values and norms about personal relationships are transmitted in a culture is a critical issue for social psychologists and the group examined newspaper articles in those newspapers read by the respondents in each of the three countries. These revealed a number of different themes. The concept of a divided society and its implications for personal relationships was clearest in Russian and Hungary, where widely-read newspapers dwelt on the contrast between "new Russians/Hungarians" and the older, poorer ones and extended considerable sympathy to those suffering from neglect in institutions. Magyar Nemzet, a paper widely read by Hungarian students reflects the generally more pessimistic tone about personal relationships in Russia and Hungary and gave a particularly detailed analysis of the implications this holds for human relations in a modern society. In Georgia, however, the tone of the newspapers is more positive, stressing greater social cohesion. Part of this cohesion is framed in the context of religion, with the church appealing to a broader egalitarianism, whereas in less egalitarian Hungary appeals by the Church are centred more on the nuclear family and its need for expansion in both size and influence. The division between the sexes was another prominent issue in Hungary and Russia, while the theme of generational conflict also emerged in Hungarian and Georgian papers, although with some understanding of "young people today". The team's original expectation that the different newspapers read by the different groups of respondents would present differing images of personal relationships was not fulfilled, as despite variations in style, they found little clear "ideological targeting" of any particular readership. They conclude that the vast majority of respondents recognised that the social transition from communism has had a significant impact on the well-being of social relationships and that this is a pertinent issue for all segments of society. While the group see the data collected as a source to be worked on for some time in the future, their initial impressions include the following. Social support is clearly an important concern across all three countries. All respondents (including the students) lament the time taken up by their heavy work schedules and value their social networks and family ties in particular. The level of social support differs across the countries investigated, with Georgian apparently enjoying significantly higher levels of social support. The analysis produced an image of a relatively cohesive and egalitarian society in which even the group most often seen as distant from the general population, business people, is supported by a strong social network. In contrast, the support networks available to the Russian respondents seem particularly weak and reflect a general sense of division and alienation within the culture as a whole. The implications of low levels of social support may vary across countries. While Russians reported the lowest level of mental health problems, the link between social support and mental health may be strongest in that country. In contrast, in Hungary it is the link between fatalism and mental health problems which is particularly strong, while in Georgia the strongest correlation was between mental health and marital quality, emphasising the significance of the marital relationship in that country.
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La subsidencia del terreno constituye un riesgo geotcnico capaz de afectar a amplias zonas del territorio. Este fenmeno puede producirse por la consolidacin de los suelos finos de un sistema acufero, disolucin y colapso de materiales yesferos, actuaciones humanes, etc. Muchas regiones del mundo, y gran parte de la geografa peninsular, pueden verse afectadas de manera significativa por este fenmeno. En este proyecto se pretende crear una metodologa de trabajo que se pueda aplicar en cualquier mbito geogrfico para el control de las subsidencias. Para la realizacin de esta metodologa se han tomado tres tcnicas de auscultacin de subsidencias, nivelacin geomtrica de precisin, nivelacin GPS y DinSAR, y comparado sus pros y contras, as como las precisiones esperadas y el organigrama de trabajo. Para que se vea mejor la funcionalidad del sistema, se ha procedido a la implantacin terica del mismo en una localizacin al Norte de la ciudad de Madrid con un escenario realista. Abstract Subsidence is a geotechnical risk which can affect large countryside areas. This phenomenon may be produced by the consolidation of an aquifer system fine soils, dissolution and collapse of gypsum materials, human actions, etc. Many regions of the world, and much of the Iberian Peninsula, may be significantly affected by this condition. This project aims to create a methodology that can be applied in any geographical area to control subsidence. For this purpose, three subsidence monitoring techniques have been studied. Those are precision geometric leveling, GPS leveling and DInSAR. During the project, pros and cons as well as the precisions expected and work schedule have been studied and compared. The subsidence auscultation system has been theoretically implemented in a location. This location is a realistic stage located north of Madrid
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En el presente trabajo de investigacin se ha analizado la presencia de la Esgrima como materia de enseanza dentro de diversas Instituciones educativas formales de Madrid, abarcando un rango temporal de 225 aos (1725-1950). Para la realizacin de la investigacin se elabor un esquema de trabajo basado en la metodologa de la investigacin histrica, la historiografa. La bsqueda de la informacin se llev a cabo, fundamentalmente en el Archivo Histrico Nacional el Archivo General de la Administracin, el Archivo Regional de Madrid, el Archivo General de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, el Archivo del Real Conservatorio Superior de Msica de Madrid, el Archivo General de Palacio, el Archivo de la Villa y la Biblioteca Nacional. La investigacin presentada abarca cinco Instituciones educativas en las que se estudia la presencia de la Esgrima como enseanza formal, siendo estas el Real Seminario de Nobles de Madrid, la Escuela Central de Profesores y Profesoras de Gimnstica, el Real Conservatorio de Msica y Declamacin y los Institutos de Segunda Enseanza del Cardenal Cisneros y de San Isidro. Se analizaron las diferentes Constituciones de formacin, Planes de Estudios, Reglamentos Interinos de funcionamiento, Leyes de fundacin, libros, Programas de asignaturas y todos aquellos documentos, tanto oficiales como internos de cada uno de los Centros tratados. As mismo, se estudiaron las figuras de los Maestros encargados de impartir la Esgrima como materia formal en las diversas Instituciones, alcanzando la mayor relevancia D. Manuel Antonio de Brea, D. Francisco de la Macorra y Guijeo, D. ngel Lancho Martn de la Fuente, D. Afrodisio Aparicio Aparicio y D. Jos Carbonell. De la investigacin realizada se concluye la presencia de la Esgrima como una materia perfectamente sistematizada en cada uno de las Instituciones analizadas as como la importancia que alcanzaba la figura del Maestro de Esgrima en todas ellas, siendo en algunos casos Maestro Mayor del Reyno y en otros convirtindose en Catedrticos de Esgrima, al tiempo que todos ellos contaban con una titulacin que les capacitaba para el ejercicio de su profesin. As mismo encontramos la presencia de la mujer en una de las Instituciones, el Real Conservatorio de Msica y Declamacin, con los mismos derechos que sus compaeros varones para matricularse y estudiar la Esgrima. Los Maestros estudiados, fundamentalmente D. ngel Lancho, D. Afrodisio Aparicio y D. Jos Carbonell, contribuyeron a popularizar la Esgrima y a su desarrollo como deporte, organizando torneos para sus alumnos y compitiendo ellos mismos en multitud de asaltos. A lo largo de los 225 aos que abarca esta investigacin, la Esgrima evolucion de Destreza a Habilidad y ms tarde a Deporte, sin perder en ningn momento su importancia, extendindose a sectores de la sociedad a los que nunca habra llegado de no ser por la labor de los Maestros de Esgrima encargados de su formacin. ABSTRACT. In this research work, the presence of Fencing as an educational subject within different formal educational Institutions in Madrid, over a period of 225 years (1725-1950), has been analysed. In order to carry out this research, a work schedule was drawn up, based on the methods of the historical research, historiography. The search for the information was primarily carried out in the Archivo Historico Nacional, the Archivo General de la Administracin, the Archivo Regional of Madrid, the Archivo General de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, the Archivo del Real Conservatorio Superior de Msica of Madrid, the Archivo General de Palacio, the Archivo de la Villa and the Biblioteca Nacional. The research presented covers five educational Institutions, where the presence of Fencing as a formal education is studied. These Institutions are: the Real Seminario de Nobles de Madrid, the Escuela Central de Profesores y Profesoras de Gimnstica, the Real Conservatorio de Msica y Declamacin and the Cardenal Cisneros and the San Isidro Secondary Schools. The different Academic formation, Syllabuses, Temporary working Regulations, founding Law, books, subject Plans and all the documents, official or internal, of each of the Centres dealt with, were analysed. Moreover, the roles of the Masters in charge of teaching Fencing as a formal subject in different Institutions were studied, and Mr. Manuel Antonio de Brea, Mr. Francisco de la Macorra y Guijeo, Mr. ngel Lancho Martn de la Fuente, Mr. Afrodisio Aparicio Aparicio and Mr. Jos Carbonell were the most prominent. The conclusion of the research carried out, is that the presence of Fencing is a subject perfectly organised in each one of the Institutions analysed, as well as the importance that the role of the Fencing Master reached in every Institution, in some cases being Maestro Mayor del Reyno and in others becoming Fencing Professors, while all of them had a qualification that enabled them to practice their profession. Similarly, we can find the presence of women in one of the Institutions, the Real Conservatorio de Msica y Declamacin, where they had the same rights as her male classmates to enrol and study Fencing. The Fencing Masters who were studied, principally Mr. ngel Lancho, Mr. Afrodisio Aparicio and Mr. Jos Carbonell, all contributed to making Fencing popular and also towards its development as a sport, by organising tournaments for their students and by competing themselves in a number of assaults. Over the 225 years which the research covers, Fencing evolved from Skill to Ability and later on to a Sport, without, at any moment, losing its importance, spreading to parts of society that it would never have reached if it were not for the work of the Fencing Masters in charge of teaching it.
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Relatrio apresentado para a obteno do grau de mestre em Educao pr-escolar
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The teaching profession is often associated with extensive workload inside and outside the classroom, poor teaching conditions, among other challenges that can cause sleep problems. These problems may be even greater in women, due to the professional and domestic work hours and to the major sleep necessity. Considering that sleeping problems may result from the practice of poor sleep habits, sleep education programs are conducted with the aim to reduce sleep deprivation, irregularity on sleep schedules, daytime sleepiness and improve sleep quality. In this sense, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of working hours, gender and a sleep education program on sleeping habits, quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness and the level of stress in teachers of elementary and secondary education. For that, teachers filled the questionnaires that assessed: 1. Sleeping habits (Sleep & Health), 2. Chronotype (Horne & Ostberg), 3. Daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), 4. Sleep Quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), 5. Level of stress (The Inventory of Stress for Adults of Lipp) and 6. Daily pattern of sleep/wake cycle (Sleep Diary). The questionnaires 1, 4, 5 and 6 were repeated 3 weeks after the sleep education program. Teachers who begin work in the morning (7:11 0:11 h) wake up earlier in the week and often have poor sleep quality compared to those who start in the afternoon (13:04 00:12 h). Among those who begin work in the morning, the intermediate types and those with an evening tendency were more irregular in the wake up time than morning types and increased sleep duration on weekend. In relation to gender, women had longer sleep duration than men, although the majority presented excessive daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality. However, when work schedule and age are similar between genders, the difference in sleep duration becomes a tendency and the difference in the percentage of excessive daytime sleepiness disappears, but the poor sleep quality persists in women. With respect to teachers who have gone through the sleep education program, there was an increase in knowledge about the subject, which may have contributed to the reduction in the frequency of coffee consumption close to bedtime and to the sleep quality improved in 18 % of participants. In the control group, there were random differences in knowledge in 3rd stage, and sleep quality improved in only 9% of teachers. The participation in the sleep education program was not enough to change the hours of sleep and decrease stress of teachers. Therefore, the start time school in the morning was preponderant in determining the wake up time of teachers, especially for intermediates types and those with an evening tendency. Furthermore, the poor quality of sleep was more common in women, and the sleep education program contributed to increase knowledge on the subject and to improve sleep quality.
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The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between multiple characteristics of maternal employment, parenting practices, and adolescents transition outcomes to young adulthood. The research addressed four main research questions. First, are the characteristics of maternal work (i.e., hours worked, multiple jobs held, work schedules, earnings, and occupation) related to adolescents enrollment in post-secondary education, employment, or involvement in neither of these types of activities as young adults? Second, are the work characteristics related to parental involvement and monitoring, and are the parenting practices related to adolescents transition outcomes? Third, do parental involvement and monitoring mediate any relationships between the characteristics of maternal employment and adolescents transition outcomes? Finally, do any associations between characteristics of maternal employment and parenting practices and adolescents transition outcomes vary by poverty status, race/ethnicity, or gender? To address these research questions, secondary data analysis was conducted, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) from 1998 through 2004. The study sample consisted of 849 youths who were 15 through 17 years of age in either 1998 or 2000, and were 19 through 21 years of age when their transition outcomes in young adulthood were measured four years later. Multinomial logistic and ordinary least squares regression models were estimated to answer the research questions. Study findings indicated that of the maternal work characteristics, mothers multiple jobs held, occupation, and work schedule were significantly related to the youths transition outcomes. When mothers held multiple jobs for 1 to 25 weeks per year, and when mothers held jobs involving lower levels of occupational complexity, their youths were more likely to experience employment rather than post-secondary education. Adolescents whose mothers worked a standard work schedule were less likely to experience other types of transitions than post-secondary education. With regard to the effects of maternal employment on parenting practices, none of the maternal work variables were related to parental involvement, and only one variable, mothers working less than 40 hours per week, was negatively related to parental monitoring. In addition, when parents were more involved with their youths education, the youths were less likely to transition into employment and other types of transitions rather than post-secondary education. The parenting practices did not mediate the relation between the significant work variables (holding multiple jobs, work schedule, and occupation) and youths transition outcomes. Finally, none of the interactions between maternal work characteristics and poverty status, race/ethnicity, and gender met the criteria for determining significance; but in a series of sub-group analyses, some differences according to poverty status and gender were found. Despite the lack of mediation and moderation, the findings of this study have important implications for social policy and social work intervention. Based on the findings, suggestions are made in these areas to improve working mothers lives and their adolescents development and successful transition to adulthood. Finally, directions for future research are discussed.
