Die beiden ältesten deutschen jahrbücher der stadt Zürich. Jahrbuch eines ungenannten von den ersten anfängen der stadt bis zum jahre 1336, nebst fortsetzung eines andern bis 1446, und Jahrbuch des ritters und schultheissen von Zürich, herrn Eberhard Müllers von 1336 bis 1364, nebst fortsetzung eines andern bis 1386.

Mode of access: Internet.

Johann August Eberhard's ... Synonymisches Handwörterbuch der deutschen Sprache für alle, die sich in dieser Sprache richtig ausdrucken wollen.

Mode of access: Internet.

Practische Erklärung des Neuen Testamentes : aus der engländischen Sprache übersetzet und mit einer Vorrede begleitet von Friedrich Eberhard Rambach.

Tr. of: Expository notes, with practical observations upon the New Testament.

Verena Eberhard: Der Übergang von der Schule in die Berufsausbildung, Ein ressourcentheoretisches Modell zur Erklärung der Übergangschancen von Ausbildungsstellenbewerbern. Bielefeld: W. Bertelsmann Verlag 2012 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Verena Eberhard: Der Übergang von der Schule in die Berufsausbildung, Ein ressourcentheoretisches Modell zur Erklärung der Übergangschancen von Ausbildungsstellenbewerbern, Bielefeld: W. Bertelsmann Verlag 2012 (271 S.; ISBN 978-3-7639-1153-0)

Oskar Anweiler/Hans-Jürgen Fuchs/Martina Dorner/Eberhard Petermann (Hrsg.): Bildungspolitik in Deutschland 1945-1990. Ein historisch-vergleichender Quellenband. Opladen: Leske + Budrich 1992 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Oskar Anweiler/Hans-Jürgen Fuchs/Martina Dorner/Eberhard Petermann (Hrsg.): Bildungspolitik in Deutschland 1945-1990. Ein historisch-vergleichender Quellenband. Opladen: Leske + Budrich 1992, 574 S.

Abatacept Improves Health-Related Quality of Life, Pain, Sleep Quality, and Daily Participation in Subjects With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Objective. To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in abatacept-treated children/adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods. In this phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, subjects with active polyarticular course JIA and an inadequate response/intolerance to >= 1 disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (including biologics) received abatacept 10 mg/kg plus methotrexate (MTX) during the 4-month open-label period (period A). Subjects achieving the American College of Rheumatology Pediatric 30 criteria for improvement (defined ""responders"") were randomized to abatacept or placebo (plus MTX) in the 6-month double-blind withdrawal period (period B). HRQOL assessments included 15 Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) health concepts plus the physical (PhS) and psychosocial summary scores (PsS), pain (100-mm visual analog scale), the Children`s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and a daily activity participation questionnaire. Results. A total of 190 subjects from period A and 122 from period B were eligible for analysis. In period A, there were substantial improvements across all of the CHQ domains (greatest improvement was in pain/discomfort) and the PhS (8.3 units) and PsS (4.3 units) with abatacept. At the end of period B, abatacept-treated subjects had greater improvements versus placebo in all domains (except behavior) and both summary scores. Similar improvement patterns were seen with pain and sleep. For participation in daily activities, an additional 2.6 school days/month and 2.3 parents` usual activity days/month were gained in period A responders with abatacept, and further gains were made in period B (1.9 versus 0.9 [P = 0.033] and 0.2 versus -1.3 [P = 0.109] school days/month and parents` usual activity days/month, respectively, in abatacept-versus placebo-treated subjects). Conclusion. Improvements in HRQOL were observed with abatacept, providing real-life tangible benefits to children with JIA and their parents/caregivers.

Effect of paricalcitol and calcitriol on aortic wall remodeling in uninephrectomized ApoE knockout mice

Becker LE, Koleganova N, Piecha G, Noronha IL, Zeier M, Geldyyev A, Kokeny G, Ritz E, Gross ML. Effect of paricalcitol and calcitriol on aortic wall remodeling in uninephrectomized ApoE knockout mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 300: F772-F782, 2011. First published December 15, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00042.2010.-Despitean only minor reduction in the glomerular filtration rate, uninephrectomy (UNX) markedly accelerates the rate of growth of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/- mice. It has been suggested that vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation exerts an antiproliferative effect on vascular smooth muscle cells, but the side effects may limit its use. To assess a potentially different spectrum of actions, we compared the effects of paricalcitol and calcitriol on remodeling and calcification of the aortic wall in sham-operated and UNX ApoE-/- mice on a diet with normal cholesterol content. Sham-operated and UNX mice were randomly allotted to treatment with solvent, calcitriol (0.03 mu g/kg) or paricalcitol (0.1 mu g/kg) 5 times/wk intraperitoneally for 10 wk. Semithin (0.6 mu m) sections of the aorta were analyzed by 1) morphometry, 2) immunohistochemistry, and 3) Western blotting of key proteins involved in vascular calcification and growth. Compared with sham-operated animals (5.6 +/- 0.24), the wall-to-lumen ratio (x100) of the aorta was significantly higher in solvent-and calcitriol-treated UNX animals (6.64 +/- 0.27 and 7.17 +/- 0.81, respectively, P < 0.05), but not in paricalcitol-treated UNX (6.1 5 +/- 0.32). Similar differences were seen with respect to maximal plaque height. Expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 in aortic intima/plaque was also significantly higher in UNX solvent and UNX calcitriol compared with sham-operated and UNX paricalcitol animals. Treatment with both paricalcitol and calcitriol caused significant elevation of VDR expression in the aorta. While at the dose employed paricalcitol significantly reduced TGF-beta expression in plaques, calcitriol in contrast caused significant vascular calcification and elevated expression of related proteins (BMP2, RANKL, and Runx2).

Duck hepatitis B virus expresses a regulatory HBx-like protein from a hidden open reading frame

Duck hepatitis B viruses (DHBV), unlike mammalian hepadnaviruses, are thought to lack X genes, which encode transcription-regulatory proteins believed to contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. A lack of association of chronic DHBV infection with hepatocellular carcinoma development supports this belief. Here, we demonstrate that DHBV genomes have a hidden open reading frame from which a transcription-regulatory protein, designated DHBx, is expressed both in vitro and in vivo. We show that DHBx enhances neither viral protein expression, intracellular DNA synthesis, nor virion production when assayed in the full-length genome context in LMH cells. However, similar to mammalian hepadnavirus X proteins, DHBx activates cellular and viral promoters via the Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and localizes primarily in the cytoplasm. The functional similarities as,well as the weak sequence homologies of DHBx and the X proteins of mammalian hepadnaviruses strongly suggest a common ancestry of ortho- and avihepadnavirus X genes. In addition, our data disclose similar intracellular localization and transcription regulatory functions of the corresponding proteins, raise new questions as to their presumed role in hepatocarcinogenesis, and imply unique opportunities for deciphering of their still-enigmatic in vivo functions.

Estudo comparativo da susceptibilidade de linhagens de células diplóides humanas ao vírus da citomegalia (VCM)

São apresentados os resultados de um estudo comparativo da susceptibilidade de diversas linhagens de células diplóides humanas (FH1, FH3, FH4, FH11 , FH13, FH14, FH16) ao vírus da citomegalia (VCM). Das linhagens referidas, tôdas se mostraram sensíveis aos vírus estudados, com exceção das linhagens FH3 e FH16; estas vieram mostrar o mesmo grau de susceptibilidade depois de várias sub-culturas, no momento em que o aspecto morfológico da camada celular passou de heterogêneo - células fibroblásticas e epiteliais - a homogêneo - células fibroblásticas.

Identificação sorológica intratípica de poliovírus pelo "método da comparação dos índices de neutralização"

O método da comparação dos índices de neutralização (SMIT & WILTERDINK, 1966) foi utilizado na identificação sorológica intratípica de 49 poliovírus, pertencentes aos três tipos imunológicos e isolados de casos clínicos com e sem contato conhecido com a vacina oral de Sabin. O método foi também comparado com o método de Wecker e com o marcador RCT40 no estudo da identificação intratípica das estirpes do tipo 3. Os soros imunes necessários às reações de neutralização foram preparados em cobaias com as estirpes vacinais LSc2ab, P712Ch2ab e Leon 12a1b. As estirpes - dos tipos 1 e 3 - isoladas dos indivíduos sem contato conhecido com a vacina oral, foram todas identificadas como heterólogas às respectivas estirpes vacinais e as provenientes dos indivíduos com contato (recém-vacinados e contatos) foram identificadas como isólogas às respectivas estirpes vacinais, exceto duas, das quais uma (do tipo 1) foi identificada como intermediária e a outra (do tipo 3) como heteróloga. Não foi possível interpretar convenientemente os resultados das provas de identificação das estirpes do tipo 2, porque o índice de neutralização do protótipo Lansing, ao contrário dos índices das estirpes de referência dos tipos 1 e 3, não deu resultados constantes em provas consecutivas na presença do sôro anti-P712Ch2ab. No estudo da identificação intratípica dos poliovírus do tipo 3, o método da comparação dos índices de neutralização forneceu resultados plenamente concordantes com os obtidos pelo método de Wecker, com isto evidenciando ser um método igualmente satisfatório e, devido à relativa simplicidade de sua técnica, melhor indicado para inquéritos epidemiológicos, quando se examina a procedência de numerosas estirpes. Os resultados obtidos com o marcador RCT40 mostraram a importância de utilizar provas de diferenciação sorológica intratípica na identificação dos vírus da poliomielite em áreas de vacinação, devido à instabilidade do caráter RCT40 das estirpes do tipo 3.