Predicting deadline tansgressions using event logs

Effective risk management is crucial for any organisation. One of its key steps is risk identification, but few tools exist to support this process. Here we present a method for the automatic discovery of a particular type of process-related risk, the danger of deadline transgressions or overruns, based on the analysis of event logs. We define a set of time-related process risk indicators, i.e., patterns observable in event logs that highlight the likelihood of an overrun, and then show how instances of these patterns can be identified automatically using statistical principles. To demonstrate its feasibility, the approach has been implemented as a plug-in module to the process mining framework ProM and tested using an event log from a Dutch financial institution.

Pre-service teachers' pedagogical relationships and experiences of embedding Indigenous Australian knowledge in teaching practicum

This paper argues from the standpoint that embedding Indigenous knowledge and perspectives in Australian curricula occurs within a space of tension, ‘the cultural interface’ (Nakata, 2002), in negotiation and contestation with other dominant knowledge systems. In this interface, Indigenous knowledge (IK) is in a state of constancy and flux, invisible and simultaneously pronounced depending on the teaching and learning contexts. More often than not, IK competes for validity and is vexed by questions of racial and cultural authenticity, and therefore struggles to be located centrally in educational systems, curricula and pedagogies. Interrogating normative western notions of what constitutes authentic or legitimate knowledge is critical to teaching Indigenous studies and embedding IK. The inclusion (and exclusion) of IK at the interface is central to developing curriculum that allows teachers to test and prod, create new knowledge and teaching approaches. From this perspective, we explore Indigenous Australian pre-service teachers’ experiences of pedagogical relationships within the teaching habitus of Australian classrooms. Our study is engaged with the strategic transgressions of praxis. We contend that tensions that participant Indigenous Australian pre-service teachers experience mirror the broader (and unresolved) political status of Indigenous people and thus where and why IK is strategically deployed as ‘new’ or ‘old knowledge within Australian liberal democratic systems of curriculum and schooling. It is significant to discuss the formation and transformation of the pedagogical cultural identity of the teaching profession within which Indigenous and non-Indigenous pre-service teachers are employed.

The role of the board of directors in ensuring a culture of integrity

Corporate scandals are as old as the corporate form itself. Consider, for example, the controversies surrounding the role of one of the first modern corporations, the British East India Company, in the Bengal famine of 1770 and in the Chinese opium trade. Yet it is the increasing scale and scope of unethical acts carried out by individuals in the name, and interests, of corporations that continue to be concerning. Recent revelations surrounding the extent of bribery and covert surveillance used by News Corporation journalists in its British operations continue to shock the world and undermine confidence in that organiszation and journalists in general. Yet despite the systemic nature of many of these unethical activities, corporate leaders generally plead ignorance when transgressions come to light. During the enquity into the News Corporation scandal, Rupert Murdoch, the CEO and chairman, rejected the assertion that he was ultimately 'responsible for this whole fiasco' (House of Commons, 2011, Q.230). Instead, like many corporate leaders before him, Murdoch placed blame on the employees within the newspaper. His responses poses an increasingly important question: Do corporate leaders bear responsibility for the conduct of individuals within a corporation and, if so, why?

Punishment Avoidance and Intentional Risky Driving Behaviour : What are the Implications for ‘Getting Away with it’?

Every motorised jurisdiction mandates legal driving behaviour which facilitates driver mobility and road user safety through explicit road rules that are enforced by regulatory authorities such as the Police. In road safety, traffic law enforcement has been very successfully applied to modify road user behaviour, and increasingly technology is fundamental in detecting illegal road user behaviour. Furthermore, there is also sound evidence that highly visible and/or intensive enforcement programs achieve long-term deterrent effects. To illustrate, in Australia random breath testing has considerably reduced the incidence and prevalence of driving whilst under the influence of alcohol. There is, however, evidence that many road rules continue to be broken, including speeding and using a mobile phone whilst driving, and there are many instances where drivers are not detected or sufficiently sanctioned for these transgressions. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that experiences of punishment avoidance – that is, successful attempts at avoiding punishment such as drivers talking themselves out of a ticket, or changing driving routes to evade detection –are associated with and predictive of the extent of illegal driving behaviour and future illegal driving intentions. Therefore there is a need to better understand the phenomenon of punishment avoidance to enhance our traffic law enforcement procedures and therefore safety of all road users. This chapter begins with a review of the young driver road safety problem, followed by an examination of contemporary deterrence theory to enhance our understanding of both the experiences and implications of punishment avoidance in the road environment. It is noteworthy that in situations where detection and punishment remain relatively rare, such as on extensive road networks, the research evidence suggests that experiences of punishment avoidance may have a stronger influence upon risky driving behaviour than experiences of punishment. Finally, data from a case study examining the risky behaviour of young drivers will be presented, and the implications for ‘getting away with it’ will be discussed.

Food in the city : urban food movements and the (re)imagining of urban spaces

Ethical food movements are growing in number throughout Australia. Amongst these diverse movements are urban agriculture initiatives, which articulate a multitude of social and environmental values. Yet, despite the long history of production and exchange of food in urban areas, planners (and others) often overlook its significance. To assist in addressing this oversight, we take the case study of Melbourne to examine the ways in which participants in urban agriculture are re-imagining urban spaces and the future of agriculture and food systems in Australia. We demonstrate that urban food advocates' politics and practices both challenge and resist the enclosure of urban spaces. This creates new frontiers that transgress social, political, ecological and economic boundaries and edges. These transgressions or counter-enclosures articulate new visions for secure and just food systems and, in so doing, offer insights to assist planners in ensuring Australian cities support socially just and environmentally responsible food systems.

Green Cultural Criminology : Constructions of Environmental Harm, Consumerism, and Resistance to Ecocide

Over the last two decades, "green criminology" has emerged as a unique area of study, bringing together criminologists and sociologists from a wide range of research backgrounds and varying theoretical orientations. It spans the micro to the macro—from individual-level environmental crimes and victimization to business/corporate violations and state transgressions. There have been few attempts, however, to explicitly or implicitly integrate cultural criminology into green criminology (or vice versa). This book moves towards articulating a green cultural criminological perspective. Brisman and South examine existing overlapping research and offer a platform to support future excursions by green criminologists into cultural criminology’s concern with media images and representations, consumerism and consumption, and resistance. At the same time, they offer an invitation to cultural criminologists to adopt a green view of the consumption landscape and the growth (and depictions) of environmental harms.

Direct observations of pedestrian unsafe crossing at urban Australian level crossings

The number of pedestrian victims at Australian and foreign level crossings has remained stable over the past decade and it continues to be a significant problem. To examine the factors contributing to pedestrians’ unsafe crossing behaviours, direct observations were conducted at three black spot urban level crossings in Brisbane for a total of 45 h during morning and afternoon peak. In total, 129 pedestrians transgressed the active controls. More transgressions were observed at the crossings located in more populated suburbs in close proximity to large shopping centres and school zones, whereas the smallest number of transgressions were observed at the least populated locations. In addition to characteristics associated with the larger socio-economic area, the patterns of transgression could be associated with the properties of the existing safety equipment and the design of each level crossing (i.e. location of the platforms, number of rail tracks). Indeed, the largest number of crossed unoccupied but “at risk” rail tracks (where a train could have passed), was observed at the crossing with the least transgressions. Contrary to previous findings, younger adults were the most frequent transgressors. School children and elderly were most likely to transgress in groups. Potential directions for future research and more effective measures are discussed.

Ylirajaisia suhteita : Helsingin olympialaiset, Armi Kuusela ja ylikansallinen historia

In 1952 Helsinki hosted the Summer Olympic Games and Armi Kuusela, the current “Maiden of Finland”, was at the same time crowned Miss Universe. In popular history writing, these events have been designated as a crucial turning point – the end of an era marked by war and deprivation and the beginning of a modern, Western nation. Symptomatically, both events were marked by Finnish women’s sexual relationships with foreign men. The Olympics were shadowed by a concern over Finnish women’s “undue friendliness” with the Olympic guests, and Armi Kuusela's world tour was cut short by her surprise marriage in Tokyo and subsequent emigration to the Philippines. This study is an inquiry into the Helsinki Olympics and the public persona of Armi Kuusela from the point of view of transnational heterosexuality and the constitution of Finnish national identity. Methodologically the two main components of the study are intersectionality, defined here as a focus on the mutual histories and effects of discourses of gender, sexuality, race and nation; and transnational history as a way of exploring the ways that both nations and sexual subjects are embedded in global relations of power. The analysis proceeds by way of contextual and intertextual readings of various sources. Part one, centering on the Olympics, involves a campaign mounted by certain women’s organizations before the Games in order to educate young women about the potential dangers of the forthcoming international event as well as magazine and newspaper articles published during and after the Games concerning the encounter between young Finnish women and foreign, especially “Southern,” men. It places the debates during the Olympics within the framework of wartime understandings of women’s sexuality; the history of the concept of decency (siveellisyys); post-war population policy; the intersectional histories of conceptions pertaining to race and sexuality; and finally, the post-war concerns over women’s migration from rural areas to the capital city and their potential emigration abroad. Part two deals with the persona of Armi Kuusela and the public reception of her world tour and marriage, based on material from both Finland and the Philippines (newspapers, magazines, advertisements, books and films). It examines the persona of Armi Kuusela as a figure of national import in terms of the East/West divide; the racialized images of different geographic climates and Oriental “Others;” the meaning of whiteness in the Philippines; the significance of class and colonial history for the domestication of sexual and racial transgressions implied by an unconventional transnational marriage; as well as the cultural logics of transnational desire and its possible meanings for women in 1950s Finland. The study develops two arguments. First, it suggests that instead of being purely oppositional to national discourses, transnational desire may also be viewed as a product of these very discourses. Second, it claims that the national significance of both the Olympics and the persona of Armi Kuusela was due to the new points of comparison they both offered for national identity construction. In comparison with the sexualized Southern men at the Olympics and the racialized Orient in the representations of Armi Kuusela’s travels and marriage, Finland emerged as part of the civilized North, placed firmly within the perimeters of Western Europe. As such, both events mark a “whitening” of the Finnish people as well as a distancing from their previous designations in racial hierarchies. At the same time, however, the process of becoming a white nation inevitably meant complying with and reproducing racial hierarchies, rather than simply abolishing them.

Kansanomainen moraali : Tutkimus savolaisista ja pohjalaisista uskomustarinoista

In my research I discuss belief legends as representations of folk morals. Doing wrong is not one s private affair because it can have consequences for the life of a whole community, and therefore, it is in a community s interest to control the conduct of its members. Belief legends have served as a means of instruction for proper behaviour. In this way a community has contributed to the socialization of its members so as to make them comply with common norms and morals. My study is focused on belief legends relating to some type of offence (a crime, an infringement or another kind of misdeed) and its consequences. I try to find out whether there are regional differences and similarities. The material consists of 3120 warning legends that have been recorded in the years 1881‒1981, mainly in Southern Savo and Southern Ostrobothnia, partly in Northern Savo and Northern Ostrobothnia. I have collected the material at the Folklore Archives of the Finnish Literature Society. As a research method I apply discourse analysis to outline the schematic model of the legends, the superstructure, and the substance of the legends, the semantic macrostructure. Also I apply quantitative methods such as cross tabulations in order to establish regional differences and similarities in the concentrated and far abstracted semantic macrostructure of the legends. I look for explanations for the perceptions made in, above all, the cultural context but also with the view of the development of judicial history. Warning legends relating to what is wrong or right are clearly an expression of peasant folklore. The most common types of offences are violations of law and transgressions of Christian traditions and of social conduct. Transgression of Christian traditions is the most frequently committed offence in all geographical areas surveyed. Warning legends have an explicit focus on offence committed by a single person. The most common punishing figure in Southern Savo is the Devil, in Southern Ostrobothnia the Dead, in Northern Savo God, and in Northern Ostrobothnia the Dead or God. The most rigid folk morals are manifested in legends from Northern Savo, where narratives of mortal sin are more frequent than in other areas. The influence of the revivalist movements may be alleged in explanation of this phenomenon. According to these legends people living in Southern Savo are the most tolerant of those included in the study, presumably because of a more liberal revivalist movement in this area, called the Friendship movement. In folk morals women are treated more severely than men. Characteristic of the legends from Ostrobothnia is the emphasis on community, while the legends from Savo lay stress on individuality. The legends from Ostrobothnia manifest a more explicit distinction between the offence committed by a woman and one committed by a man than do legends from Savo. An explanation may be found in the prevailing industries, adherent in the division of labour between the sexes, in this region. The legends are man-centric. Women s occupations are connected with home and family, whereas men s fields of activities are wider. Women moralise each other harsher than do men. Folk morals advise people to be moderate in every sense. Through belief legends people are taught to respect human beings and the rest of creation, to obey the Christian religion and God, and to be moderate in search of wealth.

Ordering within moral orders to manage classroom trouble

This paper demonstrates how classroom trouble warranting teacher intervention can stem from transgressions in different layers of the complex moral order regulating classroom interactions. The paper builds from Durkheim’s treatment of schooling as the institution responsible for the inculcation of a shared moral order, Bernstein’s distinction between the instructional and regulative discourses in any pedagogic setting, and the concept of verticality in the instructional discourse to illuminate how curricular knowledge might apply across different contexts. This paper proposes a similar vertical dimension of moral gravity in the regulative discourse, such that some moral expectations apply across any context, while others are highly contextualized. This paper then applies this frame to data from classroom observations conducted in prevocational pathways for 16 years olds created under Australia’s “earning or learning till 17” policy. This paper describes the variety of moral premises teachers invoked in different teacher/class combinations, according to their level of moral gravity to display the dominant use of highly contextualized moral premises seeking institutional compliance, and minimal use of broader moral frames for these students on the brink of entry to the adult world.

Sport scandal and sponsorship decisions: Team identification matters

We conducted an experiment to investigate the impact of sport scandal on consumer attitudes toward a range of sport stakeholders. We examined the effects of fans’ social identity (fan of scandalized team vs. fan of rival team), scandal severity (single perpetrator vs. multiple perpetrators) and the sponsor brand’s response to the scandal (sponsorship retention vs. termination) on consumers’ attitudes toward the implicated team, the scandal perpetrators, the sport, and sponsor brand. We find evidence of differential reactions to scandal reflecting social identity, such that fans support their own team despite increased scandal severity but negatively judge a rival team’s transgressions. Results suggest that where fans are concerned, sponsors may be better served to continue with a sponsorship following scandal than to terminate, even for some forms of severe scandal. However, termination may receive more positive evaluation from rival team fans; hence continuation of sponsorship needs to accompany a tempered approach.

Devido às marmeladas, adeus carnaval. Um dia voltaremos: escolas de samba e cultura popular no Rio de Janeiro dos anos 30

Esta dissertação versa sobre o carnaval das escolas de samba, em seu período de formação, na década de 1930. Apresentando a Vizinha Faladeira procura-se identificar suas transgressões no contexto da institucionalização do chamado tradicional carnaval das escolas de samba da cidade. Busca-se compreender os motivos que levaram a Vizinha Faladeira a afastar-se das disputas carnavalescas e terminar suas atividades como escola de samba identificando assim as diversas tensões que circundavam o carnaval das escolas de samba. Verificando os desfiles da Vizinha Faladeira identificam-se formas estéticas diversas que revelam os diálogos tensionados entre os diversos grupos da sociedade e o desejo de fazer um carnaval cada vez mais popular. Este trabalho busca lançar um novo olhar sobre a festa carnavalesca entendendo a cultura popular como o local de disputas de significados simbólicos, rompendo-se com as visões folclóricas e antropológicas, privilegiando as disputas entre os grupos e as representações nas formas artísticas das escolas de samba

Transgression in Carson McCullers The Ballad of the Sad Café

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal discutir a obra The Ballad of the Sad Café, publicada em 1951, pela escritora norte-americana Carson McCullers, que abordou temas polêmicos, como a sexualidade, papéis sociais e suas respectivas e muitas vezes concomitantes transgressões. Em tal discussão serão analisadas as presenças do Gótico, do Grotesco e de outros elementos literários que se mostram eficazes ao lidarmos com a subversão dos valores patriarcais construídos socialmente. Como pontos cruciais deste trabalho, será traçado um paralelo entre a sociedade vitoriana e a sociedade do Sul norte-americano de meados do século XX, enfocando também a protagonista Miss Amelia Evans, que desafia o modelo da heroína gótica tradicional

Coletivo de trabalho e atividade dos motoboys: gênero profissional, saberes operatórios e riscos da atividade de trabalho

Há cerca de 20 anos, inicia-se no Brasil uma atividade de trabalho nas áreas urbanas: o serviço de motoboys, que vem se tornando comum na distribuição de produtos aos clientes. Em paralelo ao crescimento dessa atividade ocupacional, a quantidade de motociclistas que se acidentam grave ou fatalmente nas vias brasileiras está em pleno crescimento, razão pela qual os motoboys vêm chamando atenção das autoridades de Saúde Pública. Tentando compreender as questões que estão na base e em torno desse fenômeno, inicia-se no país um pequeno, mas consistente, conjunto de produções acadêmicas sobre a profissão. Porém, ainda são poucos os estudos que procuram compreender a atividade de trabalho dos motoboys. Menos ainda, são os que investigam dimensões do coletivo produzidas pelos profissionais (tais como o coletivo de trabalho ou o gênero profissional), bem como seus efeitos na constituição de saberes, discursos, valores e estratégias de enfrentamentos aos diversos contraintes da atividade, em particular as dimensões do risco de acidentes de trabalho. Visando responder especificamente a essa questão, é que se propõe esse trabalho. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa exploratória em duas perspectivas metodológicas: por um lado um levantamento quantitativo sobre diversos aspectos do trabalho dos motoboys, tais como o perfil do trabalhador, a organização do trabalho e alguns efeitos no trabalhador; essa etapa se deu por meio da aplicação de 189 questionários aplicados em uma amostra proporcional à população identificada de trabalhadores nos principais corredores viários do município de Vitória. Por outro lado, se empreendeu um estudo, baseado nos princípios da Ergologia e em diferentes abordagens clínicas do trabalho, especialmente a Clínica da Atividade e a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, por meio do qual se pretendeu realizar uma análise da atividade de trabalho em parceria com os trabalhadores, procurando identificar as dimensões do coletivo que são produzidas por meio do trabalho, bem como os saberes e estratégias individuais e coletivas para lidar com as exigências, as pressões, as contradições e as eventualidades do cotidiano. Destaca-se, nessa etapa qualitativa, a realização de uma aproximação etnográfica dos trabalhadores e a utilização das técnicas da autoconfrontação e das instruções ao sósia, essas duas obtidas via Clínica da Atividade. Como resultado, observou-se a existência de inúmeros saberes produzidos e/ou partilhados pelo coletivo, tais como a avaliação dos serviços, a gestão do tempo, o planejamento da rota, a mobilização da rede solidária, a gestão das transgressões, os modos de conduzir, bem como as estratégias coletivas para lidar com o risco, dentre os quais se destacam a exploração positiva do risco e as estratégias baseadas na potência da virilidade, a capacidade de antecipação, ou o cuidado na proteção de si por meio da sinalização da presença do trabalhador em trânsito nas vias. Conclui-se, dessa análise, a existência de um coletivo de trabalho e, mais particularmente, de um gênero profissional em franca constituição. Este, em contrapartida, está eivado de inúmeras contradições e embates que, potencialmente, podem estar atuando para o impedimento da manifestação desse coletivo de trabalho em toda a sua potência

Nos mundos do Departamento Geral de Ações Socioeducativas: adolescentes, agentes e técnicos nos contextos da administração da justiça para a juventude

O universo que envolve os adolescentes em conflito com a lei tem sido bastante explorado nas mais diversas áreas das ciências humanas: procura-se descobrir as causas do aprisionamento dos adolescentes, da criminalidade, da criminalização ou o perfil da população que povoa as instituições destinadas à execução das medidas socioeducativas. Com esta tese, procurou-se estabelecer um diálogo com estes trabalhos, por meio da sistematização dos mundos (cf. Boltanski e Thévenot, 1991) observados em duas unidades do Departamento Geral de Ações Socioeducativas (Degase) responsáveis pela aplicação das medidas de internação e semiliberdade às meninas acusadas de infringirem leis: o Centro de Recursos Integrados de Atendimento ao Adolescente (CRIAAD) de Ricardo de Albuquerque e o Educandário Santos Dumont, ambos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Intentou-se conhecer como agentes, técnicos e adolescentes organizam e justificam suas experiências, como hierarquizam as coisas e as pessoas e como qualificam os seres humanos e não humanos. A pesquisa empírica realizada para esta tese nos leva a perceber que há uma pluralidade de situações, de formas de ajustamento e investimento pelas quais passam as adolescentes, constatando que algumas delas são contraditórias e questionam constantemente as personalidades, potencialidades e tendências a elas atribuídas. Verifica-se que as adolescentes estão sob contínua provação atendendo aos mais diversos critérios de legitimidade, mantidos seja pelos técnicos seja pelos agentes seja pelas próprias adolescentes durante o tempo que duram suas medidas socioeducativas.