Synthesis, luminescence and EPR studies on CaSiO 3: Pb, Mn-nano phosphors synthesized by the solution combustion method

Nano-ceramic phosphor CaSiO 3 doped with Pb and Mn was synthesized by the low temperature solution combustion method. The materials were characterized by Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermo-gravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectrum of the investigated sample exhibits a broad resonance signal centered at g=1.994. The number of spins participating in resonance (N) and its paramagnetic susceptibility (�) have been evaluated. Photoluminescence of doped CaSiO 3 was investigated when excited by UV radiation of 256 nm. The phosphor exhibits an emission peak at 353 nm in the UV range due to Pb 2+. Further, a broad emission peak in the visible range 550-625 nm can be attributed to 4T 1� 6A 1 transition of Mn 2+ ions. The investigation reveals that doping perovskite nano-ceramics with transition metal ions leads to excellent phosphor materials for potential applications. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Crystal Structure and Thermal Behavior of Tert-butyl 2,2-bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethanoate

Tert-butyl 2,2-bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethanoate was prepared from the ethanolic solution of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, tert-butyl 3-oxobutanoate and triethylamine. Acetyl group in tert-butyl 3-oxobutanoate has cleaved off during the formation of the title molecule. UV-VIS, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Proton-Proton COSY data and single crystal XRD results support the proposed structure. Flammability test, impact sensitivity test and TG/DTA studies at different heating rates on the synthesized molecule imply that it is an insensitive high energy density material.

Ionothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles: Photocatalytic hydrogen generation

Rutile phase TiO2 nanoparticles have been successfully prepared at 120 degrees C for one day via the ionothermal method using imidazolium based functionalized ionic liquid. The obtained products have been characterized by various techniques. XRD pattern shows rutile phase with crystallite size similar to 15 nm. FTIR shows a band at similar to 410 cm(-1) assigned to Ti-O-Ti stretching vibrations and few other bands due to the presence of ionic liquid. UV-vis studies show maximum absorbance at similar to 215 nm due to the imidazolium moiety and a band at 316 nm due to TiO2 nanoparticles. TEM images show that the size of particle is similar to 30 nm. TG-DTA shows weight loss corresponding to the formation of stable TiO2 nanoparticles. The rutile TiO2 nanoparticle is a promising material for hydrogen generation through photocatalysis. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Low temperature combustion synthesis and magnetostructural properties of Co-Mn nanoferrites

In the present work, Co1-xMnxFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by the low-temperature auto-combustion method. The thermal decomposition process was investigated by means of differential and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG-DTA) that showed the precursor yield the final product above 450 degrees C. The phase purity and crystal lattice symmetry were estimated from X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructural features observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrates that the fine clustered particles were formed with an increase in average grain size with Mn2+ content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study confirms the formation of spinel ferrite. Room temperature magnetization measurements showed that the magnetization M-s increases from 29 to 60 emu/g and H-c increases from 13 to 28 Oe with increase in Mn2+ content, which implies that these materials may be applicable for magnetic data storage and recording media. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of pH on structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Y3Fe5O12 by aqueous co-precipitation method

The Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) nanopowders were synthesised at different pH using co-precipitation method. The effect of pH on the phase formation of YIG is characterised using XRD, TEM, FTIR and TG/DTA. From the Scherer formula, the particle sizes of the powders were found to be 13, 19 and 28 nm for pH=10, 11 and 12 respectively. It is found that as the pH of the solution increase the particle size is also increases. It is also clear from the TG/DTA curves that as the pH is increasing the weight losses were found to be small. The nanopowders were sintered at 600, 700, 800 and 900 degrees C for 5 h using conventional sintering method. The phase formation is completed at 800 degrees C/5 h which is correlated with TG/DTA. The average grain size of the samples is found to be similar to 161 nm. The high values of M-s=23 emu g(-1) and H-c=22 Oe were recorded for the sample sintered at 900 degrees C.

Citrate-complexation synthesized Ce0.85Gd0.15O2-delta (GDC15) as solid electrolyte for intermediate temperature SOFC

A typical Ce0.85Gd0.15O2-delta (CDC15) composition of CeO2-Gd2O3 system is synthesized by modified sol - gel technique known as citrate-complexation. TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR, Raman, FE-SEM/EDX and ac impedance analysis are carried out for structural and electrical characterization. XRD pattern confirmed the well crystalline cubic fluorite structure of CDC15 after calcining at 873 K. Raman spectral bands at 463, 550 and 600 cm(-1) are also in agreement with these structural features. FE-SEM image shows well-defined grains separated from grain boundary and good densification. Ac impedance studies reveal that GDC15 has oxide ionic conductivity similar to that reported for Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-delta (GDC10) and Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-delta (GDC20). Ionic and electronic transference numbers at 673 K are found to be 0.95 and 0.05, respectively. This indicates the possible application of GDC15 as a potential electrolyte for IT-SOFCs. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DC-Bias-Superposition Characteristics of Ni0.4Zn0.2Mn0.4Fe2O4 Nanopowders Synthesized by Auto-Combustion

Ni0.4Zn0.2Mn0.4Fe2O4 nanopowders were prepared by auto-combustion method. The as-synthesized powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermo-gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and the powders were densified at different temperatures 400 degrees C, 500 degrees C, 600 degrees C and 700 degrees C/4 hrs using conventional sintering method. The sintered samples were characterized by XRD and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The bulk densities of the samples were increased with an increase of sintering temperature. The grain sizes of all the samples vary in between 18 nm to 30 nm. The hysteresis loops show high saturation magnetization and low coercivity, indicates that it is a soft material. The incremental permeability (permeability with magnetic field superposition) was influenced by both Delta M and H-c. A sample with higher initial permeability and favoured the attainment of a higher incremental permeability. The Q-factor was mainly determined by the sintered density and microstructure. To summarize, a uniform and dense microstructure with relatively small average grain size is favourable for obtaining better dc-bias-superposition characteristics, including permeability and Q-factor.

TiO2-RGO hybrid nanomaterials for enhanced water splitting reaction

The production of H-2 via photocatalytic water splitting reaction has attracted a great attention as a clean and renewable energy for next generation. Despite tremendous efforts, the present challenge for materials scientist is to develop highly active photo catalysts for splitting of water at low cost. This article reports the synthesis of TiO2-reduced graphene oxide hybrid nanomaterials through ionothermal method using functionalized ionic liquid for the enhanced hydrogen generation via water splitting reaction. The structural and morphological properties of the samples were investigated by XFtD, Raman spectroscopy, TG-DTA, UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM. A substantial increase of H-2 evolution was observed for TiO2-reduced graphene oxide hybrid nanomaterials. This is due to the high migration efficiency of photo-induced electrons and the inhibition of charge carrier recombination due to the electronic interaction between TiO2 and reduced graphene oxide. i.e, reduced graphene oxide acts as an electron-acceptor which effectively hinders the electron hole pair recombination of TiO2. Copyright (C) 2015, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preparation of Y1.84La0.16O3 nanopowders by oxalate co-precipitation method

Nanopowder of Y(1.84)mLa(0.16)O(3) was prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method. The powder was characterized by TG-DTA, XRD and TEM. The results show that the precursor is Re-2 (NO3)(2) (C2O4)(2)center dot 2H(2)O (Re=Y, La), and the Y1.84La0.16O3 nanopowders produced by calcining the precursor at 1000 degrees C for 4 h are 20 similar to 40 nm spherical particles and well dispersed. The powders were with high sintering activity and could be fabricated to transparent ceramic without additive at 1450 similar to 1550 degrees C in H-2 atmosphere for 3 hours. The total transmission of the transparent ceramic could reach 80%.

Estudo da influência da temperatura na desativação de catalisadores automotivos comerciais

Foi estudada a influência da temperatura na desativação de catalisadores automotivos comerciais, à base de Pt/Rh e de Pd/Rh, de diferentes fabricantes. Foram empregadas técnicas de caracterização textural e físico-química como FRX, AAS, fisissorção de N2, TG-ATD, DRX, RTP, quimissorção de H2 e MEV-EDX. Os catalisadores foram avaliados nas reações de oxidação do CO e oxidação do propano, utilizando uma mistura de gases estequiométrica semelhante ao gás de exaustão. Os catalisadores denominados G e V, de Pt/Rh e Pd/Rh, respectivamente, foram envelhecidos a 900C, em condições estequiométricas, e a 1200C, em ar, por períodos de tempo determinados. Em relação ao envelhecimento a 900C, apesar da caracterização apontar melhores resultados para o catalisador G, a comparação com os catalisadores novos indicou que a extensão da desativação sofrida pelo catalisador V foi menor do que aquela sofrida pelo catalisador G. O envelhecimento oxidante a 1200C foi muito prejudicial ao desempenho de ambos os catalisadores. Os difratogramas dos catalisadores envelhecidos nestas condições mostraram fenômenos importantes de transição de fase da alumina, bem como indícios de formação de novas fases a partir do óxido misto de Ce/Zr. Os perfis de RTP mostraram uma grande queda na redutibilidade, tanto para o catalisador G como para o V após este envelhecimento, e as micrografias de MEV-EDX mostraram estruturas muito sinterizadas e vários pontos de Pd aglomerado no catalisador V. Esse catalisador também apresentou partículas de texturas incomuns. Além disso, para ambos foi verificado indícios de perda de material nas amostras calcinadas por 72h a 1200C. Com relação aos resultados de avaliação catalítica, o catalisador G apresentou um desempenho inferior ao do catalisador V. A realização de envelhecimentos em atmosfera oxidante pode justificar esse comportamento uma vez que esse procedimento promove a formação de óxidos de platina, menos ativos que a platina metálica para essas reações. Além disso, este catalisador apresentou um teor de Pt bem abaixo daqueles registrados na literatura para catalisadores automotivos comerciais. Por outro lado, para catalisadores de Pd, o envelhecimento oxidante leva à formação de PdO, mais ativo que o Pd metálico. Outra observação significativa em relação à avaliação catalítica foi o fato de o catalisador G novo ter apresentado uma atividade muito baixa, especialmente para o propano, que tendeu a aumentar com o envelhecimento térmico. Foi sugerido que este catalisador precisaria de uma ativação térmica, a qual o catalisador V parece ter sido submetido durante a fabricação, pois há indícios da ocorrência de certo desgaste térmico neste catalisador novo, como mostrados pelos resultados de fisissorção de N2, DRX, TG-ATD, RTP e MEV-EDX. Foi também mostrado que os resultados de quimisorção de H2, apesar de não poderem ser usados na determinação da dispersão metálica, apresentaram uma tendência de correlação entre o consumo de H2 e o desempenho catalítico expresso como T50 ou T20. Observa-se um aumento na atividade catalítica quando a quantidade de H2 dessorvido (DTP-H2) aumenta. Concluindo, o envelhecimento térmico mostrou ser prejudicial ao desempenho do catalisador comercial, principalmente para situações drásticas como o envelhecimento realizado a 1200C em condições oxidantes

Impact of hydrated magnesium carbonate additives on the carbonation of reactive MgO cements

Reactive magnesia (MgO) cements have emerged as a potentially more sustainable and technically superior alternative to Portland cement due to their lower production temperature and ability to sequester significant quantities of CO2. Porous blocks containing MgO were found to achieve higher strength values than PC blocks. A number of variables are investigated to achieve maximum carbonation and associated high strengths. This paper focuses on the impact of four different hydrated magnesium carbonates (HMCs) as cement replacements of either 20 or 50%. Accelerated carbonation (20 C, 70-90% RH, 20% CO2) is compared with natural curing (20 C, 60-70% RH, ambient CO2). SEM, TG/DTA, XRD, and HCl acid digestion are utilized to provide a thorough understanding of the performance of MgO-cement porous blocks. The presence of HMCs resulted in the formation of larger size carbonation products with a different morphology than those in the control mix, leading to significantly enhanced carbonation and strength. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Surface characterization study on SnO2 powder modified by thiourea

The SnO2 material prepared by sol-gel method was modified by thiourea solution in different concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mol dm(-3)). Then the structure and the average grain size of the SnO2 material were investigated by X-ray power diffraction. In order to understand the nature of the species on the SnO2 surfaces, the thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analyzer (TG-DTA) and IR spectra of these modified and unmodified sample were taken. The result indicates that the stability of oxygen adsorbed on thiourea-modified surface was improved and the amount of surface hydroxyl groups adsorbed on this grain surface was decreased. The thiourea adsorbed on SnO2 grain surface is translated to SO42- after sintered at 600 degrees C. SO42- species stabilize the resistance of the SnO2 sensor. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

杯芳烃羧酸萃取稀土、钍与含杯配合物结构研究

本文以大环化合物杯芳烃羧酸为萃取体系，系统考察稀土元素在该体系中的萃取分离性能，比较了钍与稀土元素的萃取性质差异，从而为杯芳烃羧酸在该分离领域中的应用提供一定的实验数据，此外，采用无机水热合成制备了含杯[8]芳烃的三元超分子配位聚合物并表征其结构，具体研究内容如下： 1、 合成杯芳烃并进行化学修饰得萃取剂杯芳烃羧酸，采用熔点测定、元素分析、TG-DTA、FT-IR和1H-NMR等分析方法表征，并利用两相滴定法测定了杯芳烃羧酸的基本常数。 2、 研究杯芳烃羧酸-CHCl3/RE-HCl萃取体系碱金属离子、离子强度、酸度、温度和萃取剂浓度对Eu(III)的萃取分配比影响，并分析其萃取机理。在此基础上，探索杯芳烃羧酸的协同萃取性能，发现杯[4]芳烃羧酸与伯胺N1923的ABC酸碱耦合协萃体系对轻、中、重稀土有不同的协萃能力，协萃系数与原子序数呈“双峰效应”。 3、 在萃取热力学基础上，利用层流恒界面池研究杯[4]芳烃羧酸萃取Nd(III)的动力学性质，确定了萃取反应控制模式随条件不同有所变化，化学反应在相界面上进行，并获得了萃取反应速率方程。 4、 以杯芳烃羧酸-CHCl3/Th-HCl体系研究钍的萃取性能，考察了碱金属离子、离子强度、酸度、温度和萃取剂浓度对Th(IV)的萃取影响，比较其与稀土萃取性能的差异，并在此基础上进一步研究与伯胺N1923协同萃取钍的性能，分析了协同萃取反应机制。 5、 水热合成并表征了含磺化杯[8]芳烃，2，2’-联吡啶与镍的三元超分子配合物。磺化杯[8]在该配合物中呈“双-反向锥式”构型，分子间由氢键和C-H…π相互作用将四核Ni簇连接成三维超分子结构。

SEBS、POE与异氰酸酯的接枝反应及其对PA6、PBT的增韧研究

本工作采用熔融反应接枝的方法将(3-异氰酸酯基-4-甲基)苯氨基甲酸-2-丙烯酯(TAI)引入到聚苯乙烯-b-聚(乙烯-co-丁烯)-b-聚苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SEBS)上，以实现SEBS的功能化。红外光谱表明TAI已经成功接枝到SEBS上。GPC测试表明接枝后SEBS具有高的分子量与宽的分子量分布。DMA分析证明，接枝后聚(乙烯-co-丁烯) (PEB)段的玻璃化转变提高。对未参与接枝的单体的分析表明，单体TAI是个不容易自聚的单体，并对接枝过程的机理进行了研究。 为了提高TAI的存储稳定性和解决反应过程中的毒性大的问题，采用己内酰胺为封端剂对TAI中的异氰酸酯进行了封端。红外光谱和核磁共振结果表明，己内酰胺封端的TAI（BTAI）中含有双键和封闭型异氰酸酯结构，不存在着活泼的异氰酸酯。红外光谱结果表明，在高温下BTAI可以重新产生活泼的异氰酸酯基团。DSC与TG/DTA研究证明，BTAI的初始解离温度大约为135 C。采用熔融反应接枝的方法将BTAI接枝到SEBS和乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE）分子上。研究表明，接枝率随着单体含量或引发剂含量的增加而增加。接枝以后的SEBS与POE的剪切变稀行为都比未接枝的SEBS与POE要明显。 利用BTAI功能化的SEBS和POE两种弹性体，通过熔融反应共混方法制备了PA6合金。两种弹性体与PA6共混物的红外光谱和流变行为的研究表明，在反应共混中形成了新的接枝共聚物。共混物的脆断面的场发射扫描电镜照片表明，共混物形成一种海-岛结构，而反应共混物的具有更均匀的粒子分散性，更小的粒子尺寸。PA6/SEBS-g-BTAI共混的透射电镜照片说明，共混物中形成了一种以PS为核-PEB为壳的核壳结构。与相应的物理共混物相比，通过反应共混制备的PA6合金（PA6/SEBS-g-BTAI合金和PA6/POE-g-BTAI合金）的拉伸强度、杨氏模量得到了提高。两种反应共混物的缺口冲击强度得到了非常明显的提高，合金材料的缺口冲击强度可以达到1000 J/m 以上。共混物中弹性体对PA6的结晶起到了成核的作用，结晶温度提高。形成的共聚物阻碍了PA6的分子链的运动，使得PA6的结晶温度下降。 本工作还利用上述制备的POE-g-BTAI和SEBS-g-BTAI两种功能化的弹性体与聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）进行共混。研究表明，在反应共混过程中PBT中的反应基团与释放出的异氰酸酯发生反应，生成了新的共聚物。通过共混物的脆断面的FESEM图片可以看到，POE与PBT的共混物中，POE以球状粒子分散在PBT中，并且反应共混物的粒子分散均匀，粒子尺寸变小。与POE/PBT共混不同的是，在PBT与SEBS共混过程中，二者形成了交错结构，而反应共混在较低含量就形成了交错结构。POE与PBT反应共混物的缺口冲击强度得到了很大的提高，冲击强度可以达到1100 J/m以上，而PBT与SEBS的反应共混物的冲击强度改变不大。相对于物理共混物，两种弹性体与PBT的反应共混物的拉伸强度与拉伸模量都得到了提高。弹性体的加入提高了PBT的结晶温度，反应共混物的结晶温度低于物理共混物的结晶温度，说明弹性体的加入起到了PBT的成核剂的作用，生成的共聚物亦阻碍了PBT的分子链的移动。 关键词：聚苯乙烯-b-聚(乙烯-co-丁烯)-b-聚苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物；乙烯-辛烯共聚物；封闭型异氰酸酯；反应加工；聚酰胺6；聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯

完全疏水涂层的构建及应用研究

超疏水性表面是指水在固体表面的接触角大于150°的表面。这种表面具有很多独特的性质，如防污、防水、自清洁，防腐等。具有良好透光性的超疏水玻璃在很多交通工具如飞机、汽车等挡风玻璃及日常的建筑幕墙玻璃等方面具有广阔的应用前景。制备超疏水表面一般采用两种方法：一种是先在固体表面构建微细结构，再进行低表面能物质修饰；另一种是直接在具有低表面能材料表面构建微细结构。其中构建表面微细结构这一过程使得超疏水材料的制备过程更加繁琐，同时后续步骤有的还需要采用较昂贵的低能表面进行修饰，因而这些方法在实际大规模应用中缺乏可操作性。因此采用简单、快捷的方法直接制备超疏水表面是非常具有研究有意义的。 本文以常见的普通玻璃为基底，通过气液固扩散法，探索了一种采用简单的一步合成法直接在其表面制备出了具有完全疏水性的表面涂层。这种表面由无序排列的甲基硅氧烷聚合物纳米纤维构成，测试的水滴不能在这样的表面进行粘附，具有非常好的疏水性。同时采用FE-SEM、TG-DTA、FT-IR、Contact angle（CA）等手段对制备的涂层表面进行表征并对纳米纤维可能的形成机理进行了探讨，同时对其耐酸碱性、透光性、耐磨性等也进行了初步的研究。采用冷却这种完全疏水的涂层基底从空气中收集水分，发现这种完全疏水的材料比普通的基底材料具有更好的水分收集效率，因而有望将这种材料在除湿机以及空调上得到应用。