05046-017 Dry Run Creek Watershed Final Report

Dry Run Creek Watershed was designated an impaired waterbody by DNR in 2002, following an assessment of the biota in the stream by DNR Biologist, Tom Wilton. Subsequent studies by IOWATER Snapshot effort in 2003, found e-coli bacteria concentrations and high nitrate readings in excess of the State of Iowa limits for recreational streams. The Dry Run Creek Watershed Improvement Project is comprised of five major components. Three components will feature demonstrations of structural best management practices (BMPs) to protect water quality in Dry Run Creek. The fourth is an educational workshop to "kick-off" the initiative and background the stakeholders of the watershed in new stormwater management strategies for water quality protection. The fifth is a monitoring program that will provide data on the effectiveness of the practices to be demonstrated. Measurable outcomes from these projects include monitoring to document the effectiveness of infiltration­ based BMPs to reduce pollutant loading in urban stormwater runoff and reducing the volume of stormwater discharged directly into Dry Run Creek via storm sewer flows. Understanding of and social acceptance of new stormwater strategies and practices will also be monitored by surveys of watershed stakeholders and compared to findings of a survey done before the start of the project.

06018-010 Storm Lake Watershed Final Report

The purpose of this project is to develop a management plan to address the City of Alta’s stormwater runoff. Currently, there is no management plan and the city is growing, so there are increased runoff problems from both residential and industrial sources. A large assortment of pollutants flow from these areas, examples include various forms of sediment, paper, plastic, gravel and metal as well as less visible potentially toxic pollution from lawns, streets, gas stations and other commercial and industrial areas. The goal for this project is to construct two infiltration/detention basins to protect water quality and reduce the peak volume of the City of Alta’s urban runoff. Each basin is designed with two functions: Control gully erosion and surface erosion with detention, while incorporating water quality through infiltration. The downstream erosion control provided by detaining runoff will reduce sediment delivery to Powell Creek and protect downstream agricultural land from urban runoff. The infiltration features designed into the basins will capture pollutants commonly associated with urban stormwater runoff such as: sediment, sand, gravel hydrocarbons, particulate matter, heavy metals, and nutrients.

Hydrodynamic Simulations Of Vacuum-Driven Storage Tanks

As a result of urbanization, stormwater runoff flow rates and volumes are significantly increased due to increasing impervious land cover and the decreased availability of depression storage. Storage tanks are the basic devices to efficiently control the flow rate in drainage systems during wet weather. Presented in the paper conception of vacuum-driven detention tanks allows to increase the storage capacity by usage of space above the free surface water elevation at the inlet channel. Partial vacuum storage makes possible to gain cost savings by reduction of both the horizontal area of the detention tank and necessary depth of foundations. Simulation model of vacuum-driven storage tank has been developed to estimate potential profits of its application in urban drainage system. Although SWMM5 has no direct options for vacuum tanks an existing functions (i.e. control rules) have been used to reflect its operation phases. Rainfall data used in simulations were recorded at raingage in Czestochowa during years 2010÷2012 with time interval of 10minutes. Simulation results gives overview to practical operation and maintenance cost (energy demand) of vacuum driven storage tanks depending of the ratio: vacuum-driven volume to total storage capacity. The following conclusion can be drawn from this investigations: vacuum-driven storage tanks are characterized by uncomplicated construction and control systems, thus can be applied in newly developed as well as in the existing urban drainage systems. the application of vacuum in underground detention facilities makes possible to increase of the storage capacity of existing reservoirs by usage the space above the maximum depth. Possible increase of storage capacity can achieve even a few dozen percent at relatively low investment costs. vacuum driven storage tanks can be included in existing simulation software (i.e. SWMM) using options intended for pumping stations (including control and action rules ).

Caracterização e proposta de tratamento de lixiviados de resíduos de madeira

O presente consiste no estudo de caracterização e proposta de tratamento de lixiviados de resíduos de madeira produzidos em laboratório. Lixiviados de madeira ou chorumes de madeira são originados quando resíduos de madeira, decorrente do processo de transformação, são dispostos de forma inadequada, no ambiente, possibilitando a interação destes com água, geralmente de precipitações climáticas, o que resulta na geração de líquido de cor escura que pode conter uma série de substâncias com potencial impacto negativo sobre os ambientes aquáticos. O efluente estudado foi gerado em laboratório por meio de dois experimentos distintos. No Experimento A, em frascos de polietileno, foram misturadas água e pó-de-serra, na proporção 9:1, permanecendo em contato, em sistema aberto e temperatura ambiente, por 90 dias. Nos tempos de 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 80 e 90 dias, a solução foi filtrada e levada ao laboratório para análise. No Experimento B, armazenou-se em um recipiente plástico aproximadamente 5 Kg de resíduos de madeira, onde na parte inferior foi adaptado um dreno para coleta de efluente. Este sistema ficou exposto ao sol e a precipitações climáticas, de tal forma a simular as condições reais de geração de lixiviados de uma pilha de resíduos de madeira em caso real. Em ambos experimentos (A e B) observou-se a geração de um líquido de cor âmbar claro a negro, com odor forte característico, levemente ácido @H 5,53 — 6,97), alta demanda de oxigênio (DBO 17 — 310 mg.L^-1; DQO 857 — 3.161 mg.L^-1 e OD 0,63 — 5,56 mg.L^-1), altas cargas de matéria orgânica (CT 170,93 — 425,19 mg.L^-1, COT 167,66 — 415,66 mg.L^-1 e CIT 2,22 — 34,05 mg.L^-1), grande concentração de sólidos (SS 10 — 23 mL.L^-1; STS 463 — 1.330 mg.L^-1; STD 31 — 640 mg.L^-1) e turbidez (10,0 — 638,5 UT). Devido a estas características foi proposto um tratamento fisico-químico para o chorume produzido, por meio da combinação dos processos de coagulação/floculação e oxidação com permanganato de potássio, que resultou, respectivamente, na redução dos níveis de DQO 20,95% e 88,53%, cor 43,31% e 98,18%, turbidez 40,45% e 98,16%, STS 65,71% e 100%, por processo. A eficiência global do tratamento proposto foi de 90,93% nos valores de DQO, 98,97% nos valores de cor verdadeira, 98,90% nos valores de turbidez e 100,00% nos valores de STS.

Distribution of Rain Gardens in Lincoln Nebraska: Are Rain Gardens more Likely to be Built Near Bodies of Water

Abstract Rain gardens are an important tool in reducing the amount of stormwater runoff and accompanying pollutants from entering the city’s streams and lakes, and reducing their water quality. This thesis project analyzed the number of rain gardens installed through the City of Lincoln Nebraska Watershed Management’s Rain Garden Water Quality Project in distance intervals of one-eighth mile from streams and lakes. This data shows the distribution of these rain gardens in relation to streams and lakes and attempts to determine if proximity to streams and lakes is a factor in homeowners installing rain gardens. ArcGIS was used to create a map with layers to determine the number of houses with rain gardens in 1/8 mile distance increments from the city’s streams and lakes and their distances from a stream or lake. The total area, number of house parcels, and the type and location of each parcel type were also determined for comparison between the distance interval increments. The study revealed that fifty-eight percent of rain gardens were installed within a quarter mile of a stream or lake (an area covering 60% of the city and including 58.5% of the city’s house parcels), and that eighty percent of rain gardens were installed within three-eighth mile of streams or lakes (an area covering 75% of the city and 78.5% of the city’s house parcels). All parcels in the city are within 1 mile of a stream or lake. Alone the number of project houses per distance intervals suggested that proximity to a stream or lake was a factor in people’s decisions to install rain gardens. However, when compared to the number of house parcels available, proximity disappears as a factor in project participation.

Contaminación por fosfatos en el oasis bajo riego del río Mendoza

El oasis bajo riego del río Mendoza, en la provincia argentina del mismo nombre -al igual que casi todas las ciudades en la actualidadpresenta problemas de avance de la urbanización sobre las tierras agrícolas, multiplicidad de usuarios y disminución de la disponibilidad del recurso hídrico, tanto en cantidad como en calidad. Si bien se destinan esfuerzos e inversiones tendientes a asegurar la disponibilidad de agua (mejora de eficiencias, ahorro de agua) no pasa lo mismo en relación con la preservación de su calidad. La agricultura mendocina resulta víctima de la contaminación producida por la urbanización y la industria a través del vuelco (puntual y/o difuso) de sus efluentes a la red de riego. Estudios realizados en el Oasis Norte de Mendoza pusieron de manifiesto la existencia de altos niveles de contaminación fosfatada en las aguas del río Mendoza. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la evolución espacio-temporal y detectar las fuentes de esta contaminación. Los resultados del diagnóstico basado en una serie de muestreos realizados en 2003 - 2009 ponen de relieve la existencia de una moderada contaminación por fosfatos en las aguas del río Mendoza que riegan el Oasis Norte provincial. Asimismo, se detectaron niveles considerablemente altos de fosfatos en tres sitios específicos del oasis: 1. la superficie regadía servida por los canales Cacique Guaymallén y Jocolí -se observa un incremento de seis veces el contenido de fosfatos del agua: de 0,2 mg L-1 (R I) a 1,2 mg L-1 (C II)-; en este último sitio sólo se riega un pequeño sector que se aproxima a las 7.300 ha; 2. la superficie regada por el Colector Pescara aguas abajo del punto D VIII (1.250 ha), en la que los valores medios arrojaron un contenido diecisiete veces mayor (8,5 mg L-1 ) que los del sitio D I (0,49 mg L-1 ) que recibe desagües agrícolas y urbano pluviales; 3. la zona del Bajo río Mendoza (en esta zona se registró un aumento de dieciséis veces más fosfatos entre la parte media y la cola del sistema, con valores medios de 0,2 mg L-1 en el sitio R II y de 3,25 mg L-1 en R III).

The Creation of a Legal Ordinance and Program Manual for the Purpose of Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination

Illegal dumping and improper disposal of pollutants in urban areas can contribute significant pollutant loads to the municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) and natural environments. Illicit discharges to the MS4 can pose a significant risk to human and environmental health. The Clean Water Act requires that municipalities implement a legal mechanism and plan to detect and eliminate illicit discharges to the MS4. The methodology for program creation included the analysis of other municipal illicit discharge programs, review of state and federal guidance publications, and the review of illicit discharge case-studies. This paper describes a systematic approach applied to the creation and implementation of a legal ordinance and program manual designed for the purpose of illicit discharge detection and elimination (IDDE).

The Effectiveness of Rain Gardens as a Low-Impact Development Strategy for Storm Water Pollution Reduction in Western Washington

Stormwater runoff is a major cause of surface water pollution in western Washington and cost-effective control measures are needed to reduce contamination of receiving waters. This project evaluated the performance efficiency and costs of installing a residential rain garden by inspecting two gardens and testing water quality samples in one. Infiltration through the garden was effective in reducing metals and nutrients as indicated by reductions in copper and nitrate concentrations of 75% and 97%, respectively. The costs were affordable for most homeowners and cost-effective compared to other options. After doing on-site investigations, the storm water manual for the State of Washington was reviewed and eight recommendations were made for improving it.

Lake LaVerne Watershed Project Progress Report: Project Number 1415-007, Final Report, June 30, 2016

This application targets a critical need for low maintenance and inexpensive treatment solutions to encourage landowners and resource managers to enhance the water quality of small ponds and lakes. Many rural and urban small ponds and lakes across Iowa and the region have eutrophic conditions with high levels of nutrients and low levels of oxygen. Story SWCD teamed with Iowa State University (ISU) researchers propose to address this need through the construction and monitoring of a vegetated floating island (VFI) system on ISU's iconic Lake LaVerne. VFI's are hydroponically-vegetated islands that reduce nutrient loading directly from pond and lake water (rather than from soil adjacent to the pond). Urban watershed assessment on the ISU campus has already led to reductions in stormwater runoff to the lake but eutrophic conditions persist and are well documented. The VFI will function as a public art attraction for the entire 2015 growing season during which time monitoring will occur to quantify nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon changes in the lake. Tens of thousands of visitors to the ISU campus and Lake LaVerne will interact with this installation using promotional signage on site, public events and interactive social media throughout the project. Water quality and vegetation analysis will quantify nutrient uptake by the island vegetation and thus determine its effectiveness for use in other similar water bodies in Iowa.

An Ecological Analysis of the Potential for Moss-Based Green Roof Design

Green roofs are a maturing application of best management practices for controlling urban stormwater runoff. The majority of green roofs are planted with drought resistant, higher plant species, such as the genus Sedum. However, other plant varieties, such as mosses, may be equally applicable. Residential roofs and natural terrestrial communities were sampled in both Maryland and Tennessee to determine moss community structure and species water composition. This served as a natural analog for potential green roof moss communities. During sampling, 21 species of moss were identified throughout the 37 total sites. The average percent moss cover and water composition across all roof sites was 40.7% and 38.6%, respectively and across all natural sites, 76.7% and 47.7%, respectively. Additional maximum water holding capacity procedures were completed on sedum and 19 of the 21 sampled moss species to assess their individual potential for stormwater absorption. Sedum species on average held 166% of their biomass in water, while moss species held 732%. The results of this study are used as a basis to propose moss species that will improve green roof performance.

Design Guide and Construction Specifications for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Site Runoff Control, 2006

According to the 1972 Clean Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established a set of regulations for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The purpose of these regulations is to reduce pollution of the nation’s waterways. In addition to other pollutants, the NPDES regulates stormwater discharges associated with industrial activities, municipal storm sewer systems, and construction sites. Phase II of the NPDES stormwater regulations, which went into effect in Iowa in 2003, applies to construction activities that disturb more than one acre of ground. The regulations also require certain communities with Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4) to perform education, inspection, and regulation activities to reduce stormwater pollution within their communities. Iowa does not currently have a resource to provide guidance on the stormwater regulations to contractors, designers, engineers, and municipal staff. The Statewide Urban Design and Specifications (SUDAS) manuals are widely accepted as the statewide standard for public improvements. The SUDAS Design manual currently contains a brief chapter (Chapter 7) on erosion and sediment control; however, it is outdated, and Phase II of the NPDES stormwater regulations is not discussed. In response to the need for guidance, this chapter was completely rewritten. It now escribes the need for erosion and sediment control and explains the NPDES stormwater regulations. It provides information for the development and completion of Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) that comply with the stormwater regulations, as well as the proper design and implementation of 28 different erosion and sediment control practices. In addition to the design chapter, this project also updated a section in the SUDAS Specifications manual (Section 9040), which describes the proper materials and methods of construction for the erosion and sediment control practices.

Aedes aegypti proliferation in stormwater retained in Best Management Practices

The present study aimed to evaluate the risk of Aedes aegypti proliferation in structures used in compensatory techniques for urban drainage (Best Management PracticesBMPs). These drainage structures are utilised to reduce flood peaks due to surface runoff, and they have been used in many countries. However, many of these structures have been designed to keep water surfaces exposed for a certain period of time, depending on the type of project. Exposed water surfaces may become an ideal environment for A. aegypti proliferation in tropical and subtropical areas where the rainy season occurs during the summer. Thus, data regarding the mosquito life cycle, consecutive rainfall pattern and emptying time of these structures were collected. A comparison of these data led to the evaluation of the associated risk of A. aegypti proliferation in BMP structures. The risk of mosquito proliferation ranged from 1.1% to 3.3%, depending on the rainfall pattern, A. aegypti life cycle phase and BMP activity.

Proceedings : Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) Users Group meeting, 10-11 January 1980.

Mode of access: Internet.

Level III: Receiving water quality modeling for urban stormwater management /

Mode of access: Internet.

Microorganisms in Urban Stormwater /

Mode of access: Internet.