克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii Roshev.)草原植物凋落物分解特性及其对环境变化的响应

凋落物的分解对生物地球化学循环起着重要的作用。本研究以位于中国北方农牧交错区（内蒙古多伦县）的半干旱克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii Roshev.)草原生态系统为背景，针对凋落物分解研究中的几个关键过程和问题进行了探讨。研究内容包括该生态系统中几种常见植物凋落物的分解速率，在分解过程中的养分动态，凋落物的混合效应（即非加性效应）及其机制，全球变化引起的土壤有效N、P和降水增加对凋落物分解的影响及其对草原生态系统碳储量的影响等。 通过对克氏针茅、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa Trin.)、双齿葱(Allium bidentatum Fisch.)、野韭(Allium ramosum L. Sp. Pl.)和冰草(Agropyron cristatum Gaertn.)的叶、茎、根凋落物的研究发现，叶和茎的分解速率与凋落物初始N和P含量呈显著正相关，根系的分解速率与初始C/N比呈显著负相关。根系凋落物一般比叶和茎凋落物分解速率快，而且具有更快的养分周转速率。有些凋落物混合在一起分解后对分解速率产生了混合效应（混合凋落物的实际分解速率偏离于基于组分凋落物计算的预期分解速率），同时它们对养分（主要是N、P、Ca、Mg）的固定或释放被延后。混合效应发生与否以及混合效应的方向主要取决于组分凋落物的特点，而与凋落物多样性的高低没有明显的关系。混合凋落物对养分动态的负作用，能降低退化生态系统遭到干扰后养分的损失，而且养分释放时间的延后有助于某些植物更好地生长，有利于退化草原生态系统恢复过程中植被结构的改善。 由于凋落物的质量对分解速率的影响重大，凋落物的化学组成很可能对混合凋落物分解过程中的非加性效应起重要作用，然而迄今为止没有明确的结论。本文研究发现，具有不同初始N、P含量的凋落物（同一物种）混合在一起分解后产生了正的非加性效应，非加性效应的强弱与组分凋落物初始N、P含量的差异大小有关。而且，非加性效应与P含量差异大小的相关性比与N的强，这可能与研究地点土壤中P的含量相对更为缺乏有关。这一研究结果表明，凋落物的化学组成在有些情况下确实与非加性效应有关。 通过施肥和浇水试验，研究了全球变化引起的土壤有效N、P和水分的增加对具有不同生活型和化学组成的两种优势草原植物，即双齿葱和克氏针茅凋落物分解的直接影响。结果发现，向土壤中添加N肥或N、P复合肥，在短期内（100天）加速了这两种植物的分解速率。高质量凋落物（双齿葱）的分解更容易受到土壤水分条件的限制，而低质量凋落物（克氏针茅）的分解对土壤养分有效性更敏感。土壤中有效养分的增加会提高分解凋落物对养分的固定，有利于退化生态系统中养分的保持。双齿葱对内蒙古半干旱典型草原的碳循环和养分动态的贡献，比克氏针茅要更大。研究结果提示人们，对草原生态系统的碳循环和养分动态进行模拟时，需要对不同化学组成的凋落物分别加以考虑。 本文还探讨了土壤有效N长期增加后对两种优势草原植物（克氏针茅和冷蒿(Artemisia frigida Willd)）凋落物分解的综合影响，并进一步区分了由土壤有效N增加引起的凋落物质量改变的间接作用和土壤状况改变的直接作用。结果发现，土壤有效N长期增加后对凋落物的分解速率没有明显影响，但是显著加速了分解凋落物对养分的固定，这可能是由于凋落物质量对分解的促进作用和土壤状况对分解的抑制作用相互抵消的原因所造成的。向土壤中添加N素后，地上部植被生产力不可避免的会提高，尽管短期内会加速凋落物的分解速率，但从长远来看，对凋落物的分解速率不会产生影响，所以估计土壤有效N增加后最终会提高草原生态系统的净碳储量。 通过本研究，对中国北方农牧交错区（内蒙古多伦县）半干旱克氏针茅草原生态系统的养分循环过程有了初步的了解，验证了混合凋落物分解过程中非加性效应发生的可能性，并且证明组分凋落物的初始化学组成对这种非加性效应确实起着重要作用。本研究说明全球变化对不同植物种凋落物分解的影响是不同的，而且因研究时间长短的不同对凋落物分解的影响会发生变化。研究结果为草原生态系统碳和养分循环过程的模拟提供了必要的基础资料，为混合凋落物分解过程中非加性效应发生的可能机制提供了强有力的证据，对在全球变化背景下人们对草原生态系统碳和养分循环过程的认识和模拟有着重要的参考价值。

Isolation and characterization of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II complex from the economical red alga Bangia fusco-purpurea

The highly pure and active photosystem II (PSII) complex was isolated from Bangia fusco-purpurea (Dillw) Lyngb., an important economic red alga in China, through two steps of sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation and characterized by the room absorption and fluorescence emission spectra, DCIP (2,6-dichloroindophenol) reduction, and oxygen evolution rates. The PSII complex from B. fusco-purpurea had the characteristic absorption peaks of chlorophyll (Chl) a (436 and 676 nm) and typical fluorescence emission peak at 685 nm (Ex = 436 nm). Moreover, the acquired PSII complex displayed high oxygen evolution (139 mu mol O-2/(mg Chl h) in the presence of 2.5 mM 2,6-dimethybenzoqinone as an artificial acceptor and was active in photoreduction of DCIP (2,6-dichloroindophenol) by DPC (1,5-diphenylcarbazide) at 163 U/(mg Chl a h). SDS-PAGE also suggested that the purified PSII complex contained four intrinsic proteins (D1, D2, CP43, and CP47) and four extrinsic proteins (33-kD protein, 20-kD protein, cyt c-550, and 14-kD protein).

Competition between Stipa grandis and Cleistogenes squarrosa

Competitive strategy for resources between Cleistogenes squarrosa (Trin.) Keng which is a dominant species of grasslands degraded by moderate-heavy grazing, and Stipa grandis P. Smirnov, which is a dominant species of ungrazed communities, was studied using a replacement series method in a greenhouse. The knowledge would be helpful in managing grasslands and restoring the degraded C. squarrosa grassland. Although there was neither inter- nor intra-specific competition between the two species when no nutrients were added, intra-specific competition of C. squarrosa was observed and increased with increased nutrient availability and more sulfur (S) was allocated to the aboveground partition of the plant. Relative competitive ability of C. squarrosa was greater than that of S. grandis when nutrients were supplied regardless of S. There was no significant difference between shoot and root competition based on dry matter yields. However, root competition was significantly greater than that of shoot based on S uptake under all treatments. A significant interaction was not observed between shoot and root competition. Therefore, nutrients addition benefits the restoration of degraded grassland of C. squarrosa, which may not exclude S. grandis. Also productivity and forage quality of the community will be increased. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dinámica de los hidratos de carbono no estructurales de reserva en la base de los tallos y en las raíces de Piptochaetium napostaense (Speg.) Hack, y Stipa tenuis Phil

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Contribution to the knowledge of the Stipa-tenacissima Iberian grasslands (All. Stipion tenacissimae)

A syntaxonomic revision of the Iberian "espartales" -dry grasslands dominated by Stipa tenacissima L.- is reoprted. Nomenclatural types as well as floristic, ecologic, dynamic and biographic data  (Stipion tenacissimae, Lygeo-Stipetalia, Lygeo Stipetea) is described for the thermophilous Alcoian espartales, and the name Heteropogono conforti-Stipeton tenacissimae is also validated for the thermophilous Valencian-Tarraconensian ones.

Evaluation of the protective effect of Phlomis purpurea against Phytophthora cinnamomi in Fagaceae and of root metabolites involved

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Agrárias (Proteção de Plantas), Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

Isolamento e purificação do nortriterpeno phlomispurpentaolone a partir de raízes de Phlomis purpurea e determinação da sua atividade citotóxica nas linhas celulares HeLa e L929

Dissertação de mestrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Impact de la récolte sur la survie et la croissance de deux plantes médicinales cries, Sarracenia purpurea et Rhododendron groenlandicum, dans le Nord du Québec

Au cours des dernières décennies, la popularité des plantes médicinales s’est accrue auprès des civilisations occidentales de sorte que la quantité de plantes récoltées, la plupart provenant de populations sauvages, a grandement augmenté. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif principal de mon mémoire est d’évaluer l’impact de la récolte de deux plantes médicinales (Sarracenia purpurea et Rhododendron groenlandicum) utilisées par la Nation Crie du Nord du Québec. Pour y parvenir, des parcelles expérimentales, simulant différentes intensités de récolte (S. purpurea) et différentes méthodes de récolte (R. groenlandicum), ont été mises en place, puis des suivis annuels de la reprise ont été réalisés. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que les techniques de récolte chez R. groenlandicum devraient exclure les nouvelles pousses, leur exploitation causant une forte mortalité. Par ailleurs, chez S. purpurea, la récolte de 20 % des individus semble peu dommageable, mais critique lorsque plus de 50 % des plants sont récoltés. Un modèle démographique pour S. purpurea a aussi été construit à partir des observations de terrain. Ce modèle a permis de réaliser des projections temporelles en variant les taux de récoltes ainsi que les intervalles entre les récoltes. Les résultats indiquent qu’une récolte de 20 % des individus est acceptable une fois tous les 20 ans. Pour une récolte plus régulière, 5 % tous les trois ans serait soutenable. Mon projet permettra d’assurer une exploitation soutenable de deux plantes médicinales ayant un grand potentiel pour le traitement du diabète de type II.

Post-abscission, pre-dispersal seeds of Digitalis purpurea remain in a developmental state that is not terminated by desiccation ex planta

Seed quality may be compromised if seeds are harvested before natural dispersal (shedding). It has been shown previously that slow or delayed drying can increase potential quality compared with immediate rapid drying. This study set out to investigate whether or not there is a critical moisture content, below which drying terminates maturation events for seeds harvested after mass maturity but before dispersal. Seeds of foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) in the post-abscission pre-dispersal phase were held at between 15 and 95 % RH for 4 or 8 d, with or without re-hydration to 95 % RH for a further 4 d, before drying to equilibrium at 15 % RH. In addition, dry seeds were primed for 48 h at -1 MPa. Subsequent seed longevity was assessed at 60 % RH and 45 degrees C. Rate of germination and longevity were improved by holding seeds at a wide range of humidities after harvest. Longevity was further improved by re-hydration at 95 % RH. Priming improved the longevity of the seeds dried immediately after harvest, but not of those first held at 95 % RH for 8 d prior to drying. Maturation continued ex planta in these post-abscission, pre-dispersal seeds of D. purpurea dried at 15-80 % RH at a rate correlated positively with RH (cf. ageing of mature seeds). Subsequent re-hydration at 95 % RH enabled a further improvement in quality. Priming seeds initially stored air-dry for 3 months also allowed maturation events to resume. However, once individual seeds within the population had reached maximum longevity, priming had a negative impact on their subsequent survival.