Trabalho na assistência social carioca na era César Maia

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o trabalho na Assistência Social carioca durante a gestão César Maia na Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro. Essa proposta, tendo como objeto de pesquisa o trabalho dos assistentes sociais na Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social, interpretados aqui como sujeitos inseridos em um contexto permeado pelas contradições entre as classes sociais, baseou-se na leitura de que a interpretação dos processos sociais na ótica da totalidade social representa a possibilidade de apropriação do significado social da profissão, potencializando o pensamento no que se refere às condições e relações de trabalho. Sendo assim, o interesse foi decifrar a organização do trabalho subjacente à revisão da assistência social e perceber o espaço técnico da ação profissional. Isso significou tomar a teoria do processo de trabalho em exame e analisar o espaço de autonomia do trabalhador assalariado na gestão pública da cidade na época, assim como o contraste entre controle, qualidade dos serviços e das relações de trabalho. Isso implicou em revisitar o debate do Serviço Social sobre a categoria trabalho e conhecer de perto o modo como o sujeito profissional lida com o dilema do controle e da autonomia a partir de uma pauta de produção de serviços delimitada gerencialmente.

Addressing the cognitive and social influence inhibitors during the ideation stages of technology roadmapping workshops

Technology roadmapping workshops are essentially a social mechanism for exploring, creating, shaping and implementing ideas. The front-end of a roadmapping session is based on brainstorming in order to tap into the group's diverse knowledge. The aim of this idea stimulation activity is to capture and share as many perspectives as possible across the full scope of the area of interest. The premise to such group brainstorming is that the sharing and exchange of ideas leads to cognitive stimulation resulting in a greater overall group idea generation performance in terms of the number, variety and originality of ideas. However, it must be recognized that the ideation stage in a roadmapping workshop is a complex psychosocial phenomenon with underlying cognitive and social processes. Thus, there are downsides to group interactions and these must be addressed in order to fully benefit from the power of a roadmapping workshop. This paper will highlight and discuss the key cognitive and social inhibitors involved. These include: production blocking, evaluation apprehension, free riding/social loafing, low norm setting/matching. Facilitation actions and process adjustments to counter such negative factors will be identified so as to provide a psychosocial basis for improving the running of roadmapping workshops. © 2009 PICMET.

The Offstage of Democracy: The Problem of Social Dialogue in John Dewey’s and Walter Lippmann’s Writings

The aim of this article is to present and discuss John Dewey’s and Walter Lippmann’s views on the problem of communication in a democratic society, particularly their views on the question of a role of communication in forming social processes. First part of the paper outlines the framework of this problem and its meaning to the question of possibility of democracy. Part two is concerned with anthropological and socio-political considerations: I discuss the Deweyan and the Lippmannian understanding of individual, society, intelligence and democracy. In part three I examine in detail the problem of communication, with special attention given to the questions of the role of communication in forming social processes, the foundations and conditions of communication, the debaters, and a subject matter of a debate as well as the questions of who and what forms this debate and whether we can form it altogether.

Are rural development programmes socially inclusive? Social inclusion, civic engagement, participation, and social capital: Exploring the differences

Considerable importance is attached to social exclusion/inclusion in recent EU rural development programmes. At the national/regional operation of these programmes groups of people who are not participating are often identified as ‘socially excluded groups’. This article contends that rural development programmes are misinterpreting the social processes of participation and consequently labelling some groups as socially excluded when they are not. This is partly because of the interchangeable and confused use of the concepts social inclusion, social capital and civic engagement, and partly because of the presumption that to participate is the default position. Three groups identified as socially excluded groups in Northern Ireland are considered. It is argued that a more careful analysis of what social inclusion means, what civic engagement means, and why participation is presumed to be the norm, leads to a different conclusion about who is excluded. This has both theoretical and policy relevance for the much used concept of social inclusion.

Dynamic linear economies with social interactions

Social interactions arguably provide a rationale for several important phenomena, from smoking and other risky behavior in teens to e.g., peer effects in school performance. We study social interactions in dynamic economies. For these economies, we provide existence (Markov Perfect Equilibrium in pure strategies), ergodicity, and welfare results. Also, we characterize equilibria in terms of agents' policy function, spatial equilibrium correlations and social multiplier effects, depending on the nature of interactions. Most importantly, we study formally the issue of the identification of social interactions, with special emphasis on the restrictions imposed by dynamic equilibrium conditions.

En busca de la profesión: cambios y realidades en la condición social de los artistas en Bogotá entre 1910 y 1930

En las primeras décadas del siglo XX en Bogotá se desarrolló un proceso de profesionalización de los artistas que permitió que estos mejoraran el estatus que tenían en la sociedad y se consolidaran una serie de roles que los identificarían como representantes de su ocupación. Este cambio se evidencia al notar que hasta finales del siglo XIX no existía una clara diferenciación entre las categorías de artista y artesano, mientras que para la década de 1930 comenzaron a aparecer propuestas estéticas que rompieron con los cánones tradicionales del arte académico. De este modo, a partir de la aplicación de un marco teórico basado en la sociología e historia de las profesiones y basándose en la socióloga e historia social del arte y los artistas se analizan las distintas etapas que atravesaron los integrantes de esta ocupación para poder ser reconocidos como “profesionales”. Se logró evidenciar que este tipo de procesos sociales se caracterizan por ser muy complejos, ya que para entender las dinámicas que se presentan dentro de los grupos profesionales se debe tener en cuenta que los distintos integrantes poseen identidades de género, clase o región, entre otras, que generan relaciones de amistad, enemistad y rivalidad, las cuales no siempre son visibilizadas en las investigaciones que han abordado este periodo.

Why language matters: insights and challenges in applying a social determination of health approach in a North-South collaborative research program

Focus on “social determinants of health” provides a welcome alternative to the bio-medical illness paradigm. However, the tendency to concentrate on the influence of “risk factors” related to living and working conditions of individuals, rather than to more broadly examine dynamics of the social processes that affect population health, has triggered critical reaction not only from the Global North but especially from voices the Global South where there is a long history of addressing questions of health equity. In this article, we elaborate on how focusing instead on the language of “social determination of health” has prompted us to attempt to apply a more equity-sensitive approaches to research and related policy and praxis.

O Serviço social nas organizações não-governamentais: tendências e particularidades

The present study is about the professional exercise of the Social Worker in ONGs associated with the ABONG in Natal city, state of Rio Grande do Norte, referring to the work conditions, claims and professional responses in front of the capital restructuration circumstances. The group of socio-historical transformations, as a result of the after-1970 dynamic capitalism, conducts a process of new configurations in the relationship between State and society that directly affect the social question nowadays, destroying social rights historically conquered for the workers. In this context, the ONGs assume a strategical social function of the social question, contributing with the change of responsibilities with the social from the State to the third sector. This social movement causes changes to the Social Work since this is one of the professions that act on the immediate expressions of the social question. After a qualitative research based on a theoricalmethodological critical and dialectical perspective, it was possible to discover some contradictions, details and tendencies of the professional exercise of the Social Worker in ONGs. Summarizing, the results of the research show that: a) it was detected a tendency of precarization, instability, insecurity, no-articulation, no-profissionalization of the professionals in the work conditions; b) demands are associated with a moment of the capital re-ordering, where new professional exigencies and responsibilities are related with capital necessities in the period of structural crisis; c) limits and contradictions are present in a professional daily work mainly in function of the characteristics of gestation and functioning of the ONGs; d) the professionals that were interviewed show significant difficulties in a articulation between the professional daily work in organizations and the totality of the social processes, limiting the capability of doing critics to the requisitions imposed by the capital

A assessoria do Serviço Social na gestão das políticas públicas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise da direção ético política do Assistente Social na perspectiva do projeto hegemônico profissional

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O Conselho Estadual de Saúde - CES/PA - em foco: uma análise da participação e do controle social

Analisar o tipo de Participação e Controle Social exercidos no Conselho Estadual de Saúde no Estado do CES/PA no período de 2001 até 2009 foi objetivo central deste estudo, pois naquele momento duas leis regulamentavam o Conselho. A Lei Estadual N° 5.751/93 e a Lei Estadual N° 6.370/01 que contrariavam e eliminavam o princípio básico de participação da sociedade civil organizada para constituição e composição do CES/PA, listando explicitamente os nomes das entidades que poderiam ter assento no referido colegiado. Este foi o motivo pelo qual permaneceram as mesmas entidades naquele espaço, por mais de oito anos e as nomeações e posse de conselheiros ocorriam naturalmente por meio dos Decretos que os gestores entendessem necessários. Esta determinação na legislação negava a população paraense o direito de participar de um processo aberto e amplo de consulta popular na escolha de novas entidades e conselheiros a cada dois anos naquele colegiado. Esta prática contribuiu para que a sociedade paraense passasse a chamar ironicamente o CES/PA de "Conselho Biônico" a partir de 2001. Para execução desta dissertação elegeu-se a abordagem qualitativa, pois foi o método que melhor se adequou à análise de processos sociais. A pesquisa documental realizada nas atas, relatórios, decretos, portarias e outros documentos constituíram a análise empírica. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem concluir que: (1) o tipo de participação exercido no CES/PA nos nove anos pesquisados foi a da concepção liberal e o Controle Social foi o exercido pelo Estado sobre os setores da sociedade civil; (2) a relação que se estabeleceu entre Estado e os setores da sociedade civil organizada no Conselho foi aquela caracterizada pela cooptação da sociedade civil, convertendo-se num instrumento de colaboração, limitando-se o CES/PA a aprovar decisões tomadas antecipadamente pelo Estado; e (3) o protagonismo dos setores da sociedade civil nos processos decisórios e nas atividades do exercício de Participação e do Controle Social no Conselho revelou-se do tipo passivo.

Disentangling social networks from spatiotemporal dynamics: the temporal structure of a dolphin society

Social networks are static illustrations of dynamic societies, within which social interactions are constantly changing. Fundamental sources of variation include ranging behaviour and temporal demographic changes. Spatiotemporal dynamics can favour or limit opportunities for individuals to interact, and then a network may not essentially represent social processes. We examined whether a social network can embed such nonsocial effects in its topology, whereby emerging modules depict spatially or temporally segregated individuals. To this end, we applied a combination of spatial, temporal and demographic analyses to a long-term study of the association patterns of Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis. We found that association patterns are organized into a modular social network. Space use was unlikely to reflect these modules, since dolphins' ranging behaviour clearly overlapped. However, a temporal demographic turnover, caused by the exit/entrance of individuals (most likely emigration/immigration), defined three modules of associations occurring at different times. Although this factor could mask real social processes, we identified the temporal scale that allowed us to account for these demographic effects. By looking within this turnover period (32 months), we assessed fission-fusion dynamics of the poorly known social organization of Guiana dolphins. We highlight that spatiotemporal dynamics can strongly influence the structure of social networks. Our findings show that hypothetical social units can emerge due to the temporal opportunities for individuals to interact. Therefore, a thorough search for a satisfactory spatiotemporal scale that removes such nonsocial noise is critical when analysing a social system. (C) 2012 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Differences in Internet Usage - Social Inequality and Informal Education

In the public debate the internet is regarded as a central resource for knowledge and information. Associated with this is the idea that everyone is able and even expected to serve himself or herself according to his or her own needs via this medium. Since more and more services are also delivered online the internet seems to allow its users to enjoy specific advantages in dealing with their everyday life. However, using the internet is based on a range of preconditions. New results of empirical and theoretical research indicate the rise of a social divide in this context. Within the internet, different ways of use can be identified alongside social inequalities. Boundaries of the "real life" are mirrored in the virtual space e.g. in terms of forms of communification and spaces for appropriation. These are not only shaped by invidual preferences but particularly by social structures and processes. In the context of the broader debate on education it is stated that formal educational structures are to be completed by arrangements which are structured in informal respectively nonformal ways. Particularly the internet is suggested to play an important role in this respect. However, the phenomenon of digital inequality points to limitations consolidated by effects of economic, social, and cultural ressources: Economical resources affect opportunities of access, priorities of everyday life shape respective intentions of internet use, social relationships have an impact on the support structures available and ways of appropriation reproduce a specific understanding of informal education ("informelle Bildung"). This produces an early stratification of opportunities especially for the subsequent generation and may lead to extensive inequalities regarding the distribution of advantages in terms of education. Thus the capacity of the virtual space in terms of participatory opportunities and democratic potentials raises concerns of major relevance with respect to social and educational policy. From the perspective of different disciplines involved in these issues it is essential to clarify this question in an empirical as well as in a theoretical way and to make it utilizable for a future-orientied practice. This article discusses central questions regarding young people's internet use and its implications for informal education and social service delivery on the basis of empirical findings. It introduces a methodological approach for this particular perspective and illustrates that the phenomena of digital divide and digital inequality are as much created by social processes as by technical issues.

De-Territorialization and Re-Territorialization of “the social”. A debate

Deterritorialization has been used as an anthropological concept to designate the weakened ties between culture and place: Certain cultural/social processes and relations seem to increasingly transcend their previously given territorial boundaries in flexible capitalist societies. At the same time, policy studies, especially Studies on Governmentality, have emphasized the re-territorialization of the social, in which the former national welfare arrangements (welfare and nation state) as the scale of bio-political integration patterns are more and more substituted by small scaled inclusion areas (e.g. neighbourhoods, districts and communities). Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari, de-territorialization processes have therefore always to be understood as combined with processes of a re-territorialization, producing new spatial formations. In this view, spatial arrangements and connections are not given and static structures, but controversial and unstable – nevertheless they are influential.

Comments on Kevin Stenson’s ‘Governing the Local: Sovereignty, Social Governance and Community Safety’

It is a challenging time to be a social scientist. Many of the concepts and categories we took for granted have been revealed as temporally and geographically specific. It is now widely accepted that the nation-state is no longer the sole container for economic, political and social processes, if indeed it ever was. This is where Kevin Stenson begins his paper. He traces the re-ordering of both state and nation, highlighting recent discussions about the unbundling and rescaling of the state and outlining how increasing ethnic and cultural diversity challenge homogeneous conceptions of the nation. In Stenson’s account these are largely empirical processes that are the basis for the important questions he raises about changing understandings of publics and social order, and their implications for the local governance of community safety. He contrasts two alternative positions; the ‘universal human rights position’ which refuses to privilege the interests of majority populations, and a more ‘communitarian and nationalistic position’ which he argues is most likely to be deployed by right wing politicians and interests groups. Drawing from extensive research in the Thames Valley region of the United Kingdom, he shows how these two understandings have both shaped the local policy response to crime and disorder.