The importance of root-produced volatiles as foraging cues for entomopathogenic nematodes

Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are tiny parasitic worms that parasitize insects, in which they reproduce. Their foraging behavior has been subject to numerous studies, most of which have proposed that, at short distances, EPNs use chemicals that are emitted directly from the host as host location cues. Carbon dioxide (CO2) in particular has been implicated as an important cue. Recent evidence shows that at longer distances several EPNs take advantage of volatiles that are specifically emitted by roots in response to insect attack. Studies that have revealed these plant-mediated interactions among three trophic levels have been met with some disbelief. Scope This review aims to take away this skepticism by summarizing the evidence for a role of root volatiles as foraging cues for EPNs. To reinforce our argument, we conducted olfactometer assays in which we directly compared the attraction of an EPN species to CO2 and two typical inducible root volatiles. Conclusions The combination of the ubiquitous gas and a more specific root volatile was found to be considerably more attractive than one of the two alone. Hence, future studies on EPN foraging behavior should take into account that CO2 and plant volatiles may work in synergy as attractants for EPNs. Recent research efforts also reveal prospects of exploiting plant-produced signals to improve the biological control of insect pests in the rhizosphere.

Portraying innovation in the public service of Brazil: Frameworks, systematization and characterization

ABSTRACT Innovation is essential for improving organizational performance in both the private and public sectors. This article describes and analyzes the 323 innovation experiences of the Brazilian federal public service that received prizes during the 16 annual competitions (from 1995 to 2012) of the Award for Innovation in Federal Public Management held by the Brazilian National School of Public Administration (ENAP). It is a qualitative and quantitative study in which were employed as categories for analysis the four types of innovation defined in the Copenhagen Manual: product, process, organizational and communication. The survey results allow us to affirm that there is innovation in the public sector, in spite of the skepticism of some researchers and the incipient state of theoretical research on the subject. It was possible to observe that organizational innovation was the one with the highest number of award- -winning experience, followed respectively by process, communication and product innovation, with citizen services and improvement of work processes being the main highlights. The results showed that, although the high incidence of innovation occurs at the national level, a significant number of innovations also occur at the local level, probably because many organizations of the federal government have their actions spread only at this level of government. Concerning the innovative area, health and education predominate, with almost 33% of initiatives, which can be explained by capillarity of these areas and the fact that both maintain a strong interaction with the user. The contributions of this work include the use of theoretical model of innovation analysis in the public sector in Brazil still upcoming, and the systematization of knowledge in empirical basis for this innovation. In this sense, it also contributes to the development of the theory with the presentation of evidence that the characteristics, determinants and consequences of innovation in the public sector differ not only from innovation in the industry, but also from innovation in services in the private sector.

Perdida toda coherencia: El Descubrimiento de América en la 'crisis de la conciencia europea'

Este trabajo estudia de qué modo el Descubrimiento del Nuevo Mundo contribuyó no sólo a la descomposición del Viejo Mundo, sino, más aún, a la desaparición del"mundo" o"cosmos" mismo, entendido como un todo definido y ordenado jerárquicamente según valores trascendentes. ABSTRACT: This paper studies how the Discovery of the New World contributed not only to the decomposition of the Old World, but moreover to the disappearance of the"world" or"cosmos" itself, understood as a whole defined and ordered hierarchically according to trascendent values

Los 'Ensayos' de Montaigne como proyecto político en 'La muerte de Montaigne' de Jorge Edwards

Este trabajo estudia cómo La muerte de Montaigne, de Jorge Edwards, puede ser vista como un intento de convertir el escepticismo que caracteriza los Ensayos de Montaigne en un proyecto político de corte democrático. En la primera parte se realiza una breve historia de la recepción de la obra de Montaigne en la literatura y la política latinoamericana, mientras que en la segunda parte se analiza La muerte de Montaigne como un intento de trasplantar literaria y políticamente el escepticismo de los Ensayos a Latinoamérica.

Novela y escepticismo en el Quijote de Cervantes y en La guerra del fin del mundo de Mario Vargas Llosa.

Constatamos en el Quijote, de Cervantes, y en La guerra del fin del mundo, de Mario Vargas Llosa, una parecida desconfianza en las capacidades cognitivas del ser humano. Ambas novelas son un collar de malentendidos del que nadie se salva. Cabe preguntarse si al final de ambas novelas los autores hacen prevalecer una de las perspectivas sobre las demás; proponen una nueva que sea síntesis de las expuestas; niegan la posibilidad de llegar a la verdadera comprensión de la realidad; o, simplemente, niegan la existencia de dicha verdadera comprensión.

Une première réflexion de Nicolas Jacquier concernant les démons : le De calcatione demonum seu malignorum spirituum (1457)

The De calcatione demonum seu malignorum spirituum was written in 1457 by Nicolas Jacquier, one year before his most famous work, the Flagellum hereticorum fascinariorum. The De calcatione offers initial reflections by the Burgundian dominican inquisitor on diabolical modes of actions directed at human beings and on the means at the disposal of priests and their faithful to control, expel, and trample (calcare) them. This relatively unknown text is produced at a time when purely demonological issues are linked to those on diabolical witchcraft and the sabbath. The author tries in particular to promote the idea of trampling demons, which is understood as their punishment. Now vanquished, demons are compelled to serve divine truth. In a climate of skepticism about the need to fight withcraft, the De calcatione offers an interesting reflexion about the truth status of diabolical and heretical discourses when submitted to divine power. This reflexion is based on the model of the positive figure of the possessed from exampla and from dominican hagiography. The treatise therefore aims to counter the tradition of the Episcopi canon which argues for the illusory nature of demons. Instead, it offers an argument about the reality of their actions on the occasion of the sabbat

El escepticismo identitario en la obra de Jorge Luis Borges

Este trabajo estudia la actitud de Borges respecto de la identidad, en general, y la identidad nacional, en particular. En la primera parte realizo una breve exposición de la tradición escéptica, de la que Borges es deudor, centrándome especialmente en el tratamiento que ésta le da al tema de la identidad. En la segunda parte, estudio de qué modo el escepticismo identitario se concreta en la obra de Jorge Luis Borges ; ABSTRACT: This paper explores the attitude of Borges with regard to identity, specifically the national identity. In the first part I study the skeptic tradition, that is predominant in Borges works, specially in connexion with the subject of identity. In the second part, I study how identitary skepticism appears in borgean litterature. KEYWORDS: Jorge Luis Borges. Skepticism. Identity. Nationalism. Latin american literature. Michel de Montaigne.

Breve historia de la literatura escéptica

Proponemos el término"literatura escéptica" para referirnos a aquellas obras cuyo tema y convicción fundamental es la incapacidad cognoscitiva del ser humano y sus implicaciones éticas, políticas, religiosas y existenciales. Ciertamente, a cada doctrina o sensibilidad filosófica corresponde, de forma compleja y bilateral, una constelación de rasgos literarios, más o menos constantes, en los diversos ámbitos del estilo, las estructuras narrativas, los temas o los símbolos.

Escepticismo y conservadurismo progresista en la obra de Jorge Luis Borges

A lo largo de más de dos milenios los pensadores escépticos han compartido concepciones políticas semejantes. El hecho de que muchos de estos rasgos sean reconocibles en Borges refuerza la interpretación escéptica de su obra que he defendido en mi tesis doctoral y en diversos artículos. Analizaré, en primer lugar, la actitud política, conservadora, tradicionalmente asociada al escepticismo; en segundo lugar, el modo en que Borges participa de dicho conservadurismo progresista; y, en tercer lugar, aquellas características del pensamiento borgeano que pueden llevarnos a considerarlo como un intelectual según la definición que propone del mismo Edward W. Said en Representations of the intellectual.

Brand Authenticity: An Integrative Framework and Measurement Scale

Although brand authenticity is gaining increasing interest in consumer behavior research and managerial practice, literature on its measurement and contribution to branding theory is still limited. This article develops an integrative framework of the concept of brand authenticity and reports the development and validation of a scale measuring consumers' perceived brand authenticity (PBA). A multi-phase scale development process resulted in a 15-item PBA scale measuring four dimensions: credibility, integrity, symbolism, and continuity. This scale is reliable across different brands and cultural contexts. We find that brand authenticity perceptions are influenced by indexical, existential, and iconic cues, whereby some of the latters' influence is moderated by consumers' level of marketing skepticism. Results also suggest that PBA increases emotional brand attachment and word-of-mouth, and that it drives brand choice likelihood through self-congruence for consumers high in self-authenticity.

True believers: the recption of Descartes's meditations by Malebranche and Huet

Both Nicholas Malebranche and Pierre-Daniel Huet were at first positively influenced by Descartes's Meditations, and both came to perceive shortcomings in that work. With respect to mind-body dualism, Malebranche attempted to strengthen Descartes's position by jettisoning clarity and distinctness basing it instead on a principle of intentionality. Huet jettisoned the whole position in favor of skepticism. The source of their different responses lay in their different estimations of Descartes's integrity.

THE SKEPTICAL CARTESIAN BACKGROUND OF HUME'S "OF THE ACADEMICAL OR SCEPTICAL PHILOSOPHY" (FIRST INQUIRY, SECTION 12)

ABSTRACT In section XII of the First Inquiry, Hume refers to the two Hellenistic schools of skepticism (Academic and Pyrrhonian) to present his own view of skepticism, which, however, depends on the ancient skeptics mainly indirectly. Hume's view of skepticism depends crucially on Descartes and post-Cartesian philosophers such as Pascal, Huet, Foucher and Bayle, who reacted skeptically to major Cartesian doctrines but followed one version or other of Descartes's methodical doubt. Although all these post-Cartesian philosophers are relevant in section XII, I focus on the topics in which Descartes himself-besides his skeptical followers-seems directly relevant. After an introductory section (I) on Julia Annas' and Richard Popkin's views of Hume's relation to, respectively, ancient and modern skepticism, I turn to section XII and examine what Hume calls (II) "consequent skepticism about the senses," (III) "antecedent skepticism," and (IV) "Academic skepticism."

EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region: its added value in environmental social and economic dimensions

The European Council has invited the European Commission to present the first macro-regional strategy – the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR) on the 14th of December 2007, primarily to address collective challenges and opportunities of the Region and also to engender cohesion in support of an European integration policy. However, macro-regional strategies conceived to aid European integration and territorial cohesion were viewed by academics with skepticism, obscuring the strategies’ potential impact. This thesis intends to investigate and measure the added value of the EUSBSR in order to analyze its impact on regional development and its feasibility as a guide for future programs intending to strengthen European cohesion and integration. To determine the added value of the EUSBSR the thesis is organized into three sections, so as to address environmental, social, and economic concerns, respectively. The first case examines EU-Russia cooperation in an environmental context to investigate how environmental cooperation with an external neighbor could forge increased cohesion in a macro-regional setting. To figure the added cooperation that academic cooperation among universities would contribute to social dimension, the work has chosen several study results. Lastly, to measure out the added value for the economic strategy objective, the study employs the project for Improved Global Competitiveness in an example of ‘A Baltic Sea Region Program for Innovation, Cluster and SME-Networks’ as an economic plan.

'To do justice and judgement' : the place of passion in public life

Please consult the paper edition of this thesis to read. It is available on the 5th Floor of the Library at Call Number: Z 9999 P65 F47 2003

When the Beautiful Game Turns Ugly: A Study of Fan Experiences of Perceived Match Fixing in Soccer

Limited academic attention has been given to the nexus between corruption in soccer and its impact on fandom. Consequently, the purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand the lived experiences of highly identified soccer fanatics living through this era of match fixing in the sport. Social networking site Twitter was utilized to recruit participants from three continents – Africa, Europe, and North America – based on submissions to the site in response to a perceived fix from a high-profile March, 2013 match. A total of 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with highly identified soccer fans in accordance with Funk and James’ (2001) Psychological Continuum Model (PCM). Despite the majority of participants feeling skepticism about the purity of soccer today, half of the participants’ fandom remained unchanged in the face of perceived match fixing. Directions for future research and recommendations are considered and discussed.