Diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis by a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

A Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) was standardized and evaluated for the serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis. Out of 538 serum samples tested by the immunofluorescence test for toxoplasmosis (IFAT-IgG) as reference test, 183 (34%) were positive at cut off 1:16 and 192 (36%) were positive for Dot-ELISA-IgG at cut-off 1:256. For Dot-ELISA, co-positivity was 0.94, co-negativity 0.94 and concordance 0.88 in relation to IFAT-IgG. These results suggest the usefulness of Dot-ELISA (cut-off titer of 1:256) for the serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis. The main advantage of this technique is simplicity, positive test can be visually identified (colored precipitate). It does not require a special equipment and it can be used as a qualitative test to screen large numbers of samples or as a quantitative assay to determine end-point titration of individual sera.

An Extension of Estimation of Domain of Attraction for Fractional Order Linear System Subject to Saturation Control

This paper employs the Lyapunov direct method for the stability analysis of fractional order linear systems subject to input saturation. A new stability condition based on saturation function is adopted for estimating the domain of attraction via ellipsoid approach. To further improve this estimation, the auxiliary feedback is also supported by the concept of stability region. The advantages of the proposed method are twofold: (1) it is straightforward to handle the problem both in analysis and design because of using Lyapunov method, (2) the estimation leads to less conservative results. A numerical example illustrates the feasibility of the proposed method.

Effects of Bilingualism on Multi-Word Production

It has been shown that bilinguals are disadvantaged on some language production tasks when compared to monolinguals. The present study investigated the effects of bilingualism on lexical retrieval in single and multi-word utterances. To this purpose, we tested three groups of 35 participants each (Spanish monolinguals, highly proficient Spanish-Catalan and Catalan-Spanish bilinguals) in two sets of picture naming experiments. In the first one, participants were asked to name black-and-white object drawings by single words. In the second one, participants had to name colored pictures with determiner adjectival noun phrases (NP) like “the red car”. In both sets of experiments, bilinguals were slower than monolinguals, even when naming in their dominant language. We also examined the articulatory durations of both single word and NP productions for this bilingual disadvantage. Furthermore, response onset times and durations of all groups in both experiments were affected by lexical variables of the picture names. These results are consistent with previous studies (Ivanova & Costa, 2008, Gollan et al., 2005) showing a bilingual disadvantage in single word production and extend these findings to multiword-utterances and response durations. They also support the claim that articulatory processes are influenced by lexical variables.

Plaies douloureuses: un défi quotidien, non une fatalité [Painful wounds : a daily challenge, not a fatality]

Long neglected, the pain related to wounds is nowadays recognized as an important issue. This article reviews the physiopathological mechanisms and the types of pain related to wounds, their assessment modalities as well as the pharmacological and non-pharmacological analgesic treatments.

Matriconditioning integrated with gibberellic acid to hasten seed germination and improve stand establishment of pepper and tomato

Emergence and stand establishment of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) (Karsten ex Farw) and pepper (Capsicum annus L.) seeds are often slow and erratic, particularly under stress conditions. Field emergence trials sometimes have not responded to priming in pepper. This study examined the combined effects of matriconditioning and gibberellin application on the germination and stand establishment of pepper and tomato seeds. Pepper and tomato seeds were conditioned with a solid carrier, Micro Cel E, in the presence of gibberellic acid (GA) for 1, 2 , 3 and 4 days at 15 and 25ºC. The results showed that, in all cases, even under stress conditions, the combination of matriconditioning with GA was effective in improving germination and emergence of pepper and tomato. The germination time was, in average, reduced by 2 to 3 days by primed seeds. Thus, matriconditioning, during which germination is suspended, provides an unique means to rapidly and efficiently digest the endosperm by GA-induced enzymes and reduce the mechanical restraints of endosperm thus providing energy to start and sustain embryo growth.

Gender stereotypes of personality : universal and accurate ?

Numerous studies have documented subtle but consistent sex differences in self-reports and observer-ratings of five-factor personality traits, and such effects were found to show well- defined developmental trajectories and remarkable similarity across nations. In contrast, very little is known about perceived gender differences in five-factor traits in spite of their potential implications for gender biases at the interpersonal and societal level. In particular, it is not clear how perceived gender differences in five-factor personality vary across age groups and national contexts and to what extent they accurately reflect assessed sex differences in personality. To address these questions, we analyzed responses from 3,323 individuals across 26 nations (mean age = 22.3 years, 31% male) who were asked to rate the five-factor personality traits of typical men or women in three age groups (adolescent, adult, and older adult) in their respective nations. Raters perceived women as slightly higher in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness as well as some aspects of extraversion and neuroticism. Perceived gender differences were fairly consistent across nations and target age groups and mapped closely onto assessed sex differences in self- and observer-rated personality. Associations between the average size of perceived gender differences and national variations in sociodemographic characteristics, value systems, or gender equality did not reach statistical significance. Findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of gender stereotypes of personality and suggest that perceptions of actual sex differences may play a more important role than culturally based gender roles and socialization processes.

Reconciling phonological neighborhood effects in speech production through single trial analysis

A crucial step for understanding how lexical knowledge is represented is to describe the relative similarity of lexical items, and how it influences language processing. Previous studies of the effects of form similarity on word production have reported conflicting results, notably within and across languages. The aim of the present study was to clarify this empirical issue to provide specific constraints for theoretical models of language production. We investigated the role of phonological neighborhood density in a large-scale picture naming experiment using fine-grained statistical models. The results showed that increasing phonological neighborhood density has a detrimental effect on naming latencies, and re-analyses of independently obtained data sets provide supplementary evidence for this effect. Finally, we reviewed a large body of evidence concerning phonological neighborhood density effects in word production, and discussed the occurrence of facilitatory and inhibitory effects in accuracy measures. The overall pattern shows that phonological neighborhood generates two opposite forces, one facilitatory and one inhibitory. In cases where speech production is disrupted (e.g. certain aphasic symptoms), the facilitatory component may emerge, but inhibitory processes dominate in efficient naming by healthy speakers. These findings are difficult to accommodate in terms of monitoring processes, but can be explained within interactive activation accounts combining phonological facilitation and lexical competition.

The last days of dying stroke patients referred to a palliative care consult team in an acute hospital.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Needs of patients dying from stroke are poorly investigated. We aim to assess symptoms of these patients referred to a palliative care consult team, and to review their treatment strategies. METHODS: All charts of patients dying from stroke in a tertiary hospital, and referred consecutively to a palliative care consultant team from 2000 to 2005, were reviewed retrospectively. Symptoms, ability to communicate, treatments, circumstances and causes of death were collected. RESULTS: Forty-two patients were identified. Median NIH Stroke Scale on admission was 21. The most prevalent symptoms were dyspnoea (81%), and pain (69%). Difficulties or inability to communicate because of aphasia or altered level of consciousness were present in 93% of patients. Pharmacological respiratory treatments consisted of anti-muscarinic drugs (52%), and opioids (33%). Pain was mainly treated by opioids (69%). During the last 48 h of life, 81% of patients were free of pain and 48% of respiratory distress. The main causes of death were neurological complications in 38% of patients, multiple medical complications in 36%, and specific medical causes in 26%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients dying from stroke and referred to a palliative care consult team have multiple symptoms, mainly dyspnoea and pain. Studies are warranted to develop specific symptoms assessment tools in non-verbal stroke patients, to accurately assess patients' needs, and to measure effectiveness of palliative treatments.

Simulation of Solid Processes by Aspen Plus

Solid processes are used for obtaining the valuable minerals. Due to their worth, it is obligatory to perform different experiments to determine the different values of these minerals. With the passage of time, it is becoming more difficult to carry out these experiments for each mineral for different characteristics due to high labor costs and consumption of time. Therefore, scientists and engineers have tried to overcome this issue. They made different software to handle this problem. Aspen is one of those software for the calculation of different parameters. Therefore, the aim of this report was to do simulation for solid processes to observe different effect for minerals. Different solid processes like crushing, screening; filtration and crystallization were simulated by Aspen Plus. The simulation results are obtained by using this simulation software and they are described in this thesis. It was noticed that the results were acceptable for all solid processes. Therefore, this software can be used for the designing of crushers by calculating the power consumption of crushers, can design the filter and for the calculation of material balance for all processes.

Time to volume through efficient multi-site ramp-up

The aim of this thesis was to create a process for all multi-site ramp-up (MSRU) projects in the case company in order to have simultaneous ramp-ups early in the market. The research was done through case study in one company and semi-structured interviews. There are already processes, which are now in use in MSRU-cases. Interviews of 20 ramp-up specialists revealed topics to be improved. Those were project team set up, roles and responsibilities and recommended project organization, communication, product change management practices, competence and know how transfer practices and support model. More R&D support and involvement is needed in MSRU-projects. DCM’s role is very important in the MSRU-projects among PMT-team; he should be the business owner of the project. Recommendation is that product programs could take care of the product and repair training of new products in volume factories. R&D’s participation in competence transfers is essential important in MSRU-projects. Communication in projects could be shared through special intranet commune. Blogging and tweeting could be considered in the communication plan. If hundreds of change notes are open in ramp-up phase, it should be considered not to approve the product into volume ramp-up. PMTs’ supports are also important and MSRU-projects should be planned, budgeted and executed together. Finally a new MSRU-process is presented in this thesis to be used in all MSRU-projects.

Tahdistimen asennuksesta johtuvat komplikaatiot: kolmen kuukauden retrospektiivinen seuranta

Suomessa asennettiin vuonna 2013 lähes 5000 sydämen tahdistinta. Kirjallisuuden mukaan asennusten jälkeen komplikaatioita esiintyy noin kymmenesosalla potilaista. Sadat potilaat siis kärsivät vuosittain komplikaatioista, ja ne myös aiheuttavat lukuisia ylimääräisiä hoitopäiviä sairaaloissa. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitetään tahdistimen asennuksen aiheuttamien komplikaatioiden esiintyvyyttä Turun yliopistollisessa keskussairaalassa vuonna 2013. Tutkimusaineistoon kerättiin retrospektiivisesti tiedot kaikista potilaista, joille oli vuoden 2013 aikana asennettu tai vaihdettu sydämen tahdistin. Potilaita seurattiin toimenpiteestä alkaen kolmen kuukauden seurantakäyntiin asti. Komplikaatioita havaittiin kolmen kuukauden seurannassa yhteensä 11,1 %:lla 325 potilaasta, joille tehtiin tahdistimen ensiasennus ja 7,2 %:lla 124 potilaasta, joille vaihdettiin uusi tahdistingeneraattori. 7,4 %:lle ensiasennuspotilaista aiheutui ylimääräisiä sairaalapäiviä komplikaation vuoksi. Yleisin komplikaatio oli tahdistinjohdon dislokaatio, jota esiintyi 3,7 %:lla ensiasennuspotilaista. Merkittävää vuotoa havaittiin 1,2 %:lla ja tahdistintaskun hematoomia 2,1 %:lla potilaista. Vain yhdellä hematooman tai vuodon saaneista potilaista ei ollut mitään veren hyytymiseen vaikuttavaa lääkitystä käytössä. Tahdistinjärjestelmän infektioita esiintyi 0,9 %:lla potilaista ja ilmarinta havaittiin 0,6 %:lla. Tutkimuksen perusteella tahdistimen asennusten aiheuttamat komplikaatiot ovat melko yleisiä. Suurin osa komplikaatioista on kuitenkin helposti hoidettavissa, ja vakavat komplikaatiot ovat harvinaisia. Komplikaatiot aiheuttavat melko paljon ylimääräisiä hoitojaksoja sairaaloissa. Onkin hyvä, että Suomeen on hiljattain perustettu valtakunnallinen tahdistinrekisteri komplikaatioiden seurantaan.

Astangan sydän. Uskontoetnografinen tarkastelu astangajoogaajien Mysoresta ja Mysoreen matkustamisesta

Tutkielman aiheena on astangajoogan kotikaupunki Mysore Intiassa ja siellä sijaitseva Krishna Pattabhi Jois Ashtanga Yoga Institute -joogakoulu (KPJAYI). Mysorella on erityinen asema astangajoogan kontekstissa ja sadat astangajoogaajat ympäri maailmaa matkustavat Mysoreen joogamaan useiden kuukausien ajaksi. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää miksi Mysoreen matkustetaan, miksi Mysorella on erityinen asema ja miten tuota asemaa pidetään yllä. Olen koostanut tutkielman aineiston kolmen kuukauden etnografisen kenttätyön aikana Mysoressa. Aineistoa ovat yhdeksän suomalaisen astangajoogaajan haastattelut ja kenttäpäiväkirja, joka rajautuu varsinaisen analyysin ulkopuolelle. Aineiston olen analysoinut sisällönanalyysin menetelmin. Tutkijan position paikantajana ja itsereflektion keinona olen käyttänyt autoetnografiaa, sillä olen itsekin astangajoogaaja. Tutkielman keskeiset teoreettiset käsitteet ovat pyhiinvaellus ja uskonnollinen matka, tila ja paikka sekä autenttisuus. Olen hyödyntänyt Victor ja Edith Turnerin kulttuuriantropologisia huomioita pyhiinvaelluksesta ja tuonut sen rinnalle kulttuurimaantieteilijä Doreen Masseyn näkemykset tilan ja paikan sosiaalisesta ja muuttuvasta luonteesta. Lisäksi peilaan aineistoa uskontotieteilijä Thomas Tweedin teoriaan uskontojen risteyksistä ja rajojen ylittämisistä: Tweedin mukaan uskonnoissa on kyse sekä maantieteellisten, sosiaalisten, henkilökohtaisten että yliluonnollisten rajojen ylittämisistä. Autenttisuus taas liittyy käsitykseen aidosta joogasta, sen harjoittelusta ja alkuperästä. Joogaajilla on Mysoreen matkustamiseen useita eri syitä, kuten irtiotto arjesta, harjoitukseen syventyminen ja halu olla Intian kaltaisessa ympäristössä. Mysoren erityinen asema taasen rakentuu KPJAYI:n opettajien, astangatradition ja joogasalin erityisen luonteen varaan. Yksinkertaisesti todettuna Mysore on rajaamista. Mysoren erityistä asemaa pidetään yllä rajaamalla astangajoogaajien Mysorea erilleen muista paikoista esimerkiksi korostamalla Mysoren tasa-arvoistavaa luonnetta ja joogasalin erityisyyttä. Mysoren voi todeta olevan astangajoogan sydän, sillä aineiston perusteella Mysore edustaa aitoa, syvää, puhdasta ja säilyvää (astanga)joogaa, jossa olennaista on traditioon sitoutuminen, parampara.

Astangan sydän. Uskontoetnografinen tarkastelu astangajoogaajien Mysoresta ja Mysoreen matkustamisesta

Tutkielman aiheena on astangajoogan kotikaupunki Mysore Intiassa ja siellä sijaitseva Krishna Pattabhi Jois Ashtanga Yoga Institute -joogakoulu (KPJAYI). Mysorella on erityinen asema astangajoogan kontekstissa ja sadat astangajoogaajat ympäri maailmaa matkustavat Mysoreen joogamaan useiden kuukausien ajaksi. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää miksi Mysoreen matkustetaan, miksi Mysorella on erityinen asema ja miten tuota asemaa pidetään yllä. Olen koostanut tutkielman aineiston kolmen kuukauden etnografisen kenttätyön aikana Mysoressa. Aineistoa ovat yhdeksän suomalaisen astangajoogaajan haastattelut ja kenttäpäiväkirja, joka rajautuu varsinaisen analyysin ulkopuolelle. Aineiston olen analysoinut sisällönanalyysin menetelmin. Tutkijan position paikantajana ja itsereflektion keinona olen käyttänyt autoetnografiaa, sillä olen itsekin astangajoogaaja. Tutkielman keskeiset teoreettiset käsitteet ovat pyhiinvaellus ja uskonnollinen matka, tila ja paikka sekä autenttisuus. Olen hyödyntänyt Victor ja Edith Turnerin kulttuuriantropologisia huomioita pyhiinvaelluksesta ja tuonut sen rinnalle kulttuurimaantieteilijä Doreen Masseyn näkemykset tilan ja paikan sosiaalisesta ja muuttuvasta luonteesta. Lisäksi peilaan aineistoa uskontotieteilijä Thomas Tweedin teoriaan uskontojen risteyksistä ja rajojen ylittämisistä: Tweedin mukaan uskonnoissa on kyse sekä maantieteellisten, sosiaalisten, henkilökohtaisten että yliluonnollisten rajojen ylittämisistä. Autenttisuus taas liittyy käsitykseen aidosta joogasta, sen harjoittelusta ja alkuperästä. Joogaajilla on Mysoreen matkustamiseen useita eri syitä, kuten irtiotto arjesta, harjoitukseen syventyminen ja halu olla Intian kaltaisessa ympäristössä. Mysoren erityinen asema taasen rakentuu KPJAYI:n opettajien, astangatradition ja joogasalin erityisen luonteen varaan. Yksinkertaisesti todettuna Mysore on rajaamista. Mysoren erityistä asemaa pidetään yllä rajaamalla astangajoogaajien Mysorea erilleen muista paikoista esimerkiksi korostamalla Mysoren tasa-arvoistavaa luonnetta ja joogasalin erityisyyttä. Mysoren voi todeta olevan astangajoogan sydän, sillä aineiston perusteella Mysore edustaa aitoa, syvää, puhdasta ja säilyvää (astanga)joogaa, jossa olennaista on traditioon sitoutuminen, parampara.