Prostaglandin mediates IL-23/IL-17-induced neutrophil migration in inflammation by inhibiting IL-12 and IFN gamma production

IL-23/IL-17-induced neutrophil recruitment plays a pivotal role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the mechanism of the neutrophil recruitment is obscure. Here we report that prostaglandin enhances the IL-23/IL-17-induced neutrophil migration in a murine model of RA by inhibiting IL-12 and IFN gamma production. Methylated BSA (mBSA) and IL-23-induced neutrophil migration was inhibited by anti-IL-23 and anti-IL-17 antibodies, COX inhibitors, IL-12, or IFN gamma but was enhanced by prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). IL-23-induced IL-17 production was increased by PGE(2) and suppressed by COX-inhibition or IL-12. Furthermore, COX inhibition failed to reduce IL-23-induced neutrophil migration in IL-12- or IFN gamma-deficient mice. IL-17-induced neutrophil migration was not affected by COX inhibitors, IL-12, or IFN gamma but was inhibited by MK886 (a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor), anti-TNF alpha, anti-CXCL1, and anti-CXCL5 antibodies and by repertaxin (a CXCR1/2 antagonist). These treatments all inhibited mBSA- or IL-23-induced neutrophil migration. IL-17 induced neutrophil chemotaxis through a CXC chemokines-dependent pathway. Our results suggest that prostaglandin plays an important role in IL-23-induced neutrophil migration in arthritis by enhancing IL-17 synthesis and by inhibiting IL-12 and IFN gamma production. We thus provide a mechanism for the pathogenic role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in RA and also suggest an additional mechanism of action for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Influence of anesthetics on pharyngeal flap surgery: a 23-year study

This study assessed the influence of anesthetics on early complications after pharyngeal flap surgery. A 23-year retrospective chart review was carried out of all patients at the authors` institution who underwent superiorly based pharyngeal flap surgery. Variables analyzed were gender, age at the time of surgery, cleft type, anesthesia procedure used and complications in the early postoperative period. 2299 patients (50% male; 50% female) who underwent pharyngeal flap surgery between 1980 and 2003 were reviewed. The highest number of surgeries was performed in patients aged 11-20 years. There were 1042 patients with at least one type of complication. Of these, 39 required reoperation to control complications such as bleeding and airway obstruction. There were no records of death. Vomiting and pain were the most frequent postoperative complications (16% and 14% of patients, respectively). Lower complication rates were observed when anesthesia protocols included sevoflurane, propofol and opioids.

Monostotic fibrous dysplasia: a 23-year follow-up of a patient with spontaneous bone remodeling

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous disease that affects one or more bones. Although its etiology has been defined, the mechanism of spontaneous resolution is still unclear. There is strong evidence indicating the occurrence of stabilization when bone maturation is completed. Deformities that lead to esthetic and functional disorders are observed in almost all cases. Plastic surgery is often recommended when the maxilla and mandible are involved. In the case of mild deformities, careful follow-up during skeletal growth is recommended. We describe here the 23-year follow-up of a patient with monostotic fibrous dysplasia whose disease had stabilized by 13 years of follow-up. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 107: 229-234)

Cytotoxic Effects of Different Concentrations of a Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel on Odontoblast-Like Cells MDPC-23

This study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of a carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gel at different concentrations on odontoblast-like cells. Immortalized cells of the MDPC-23 cell line (30,000 cells/cm(2)) were incubated for 48 h. The bleaching gel was diluted in DMEM culture medium originating extracts with different CP concentrations. The amount (mu g/mL) of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) released from each extract was measured by the leukocrystal violet/horseradish peroxidase enzyme assay. Five groups (n = 10) were formed according to the CP concentration in the extracts: G1-DMEM (control); G2-0.0001 % CP (0.025 mu g/mL H(2)O(2)); G3-0.001% CP (0.43 mu g/mL H(2)O(2)); G4-0.01% CP (2.21 mu g/mL H(2)O(2)); and G5-0.1 % CP (29.74 mu g/mL H(2)O(2)). MDPC-23 cells were exposed to the bleaching gel extracts for 60 min and cell metabolism was evaluated by the NITT assay. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Tukey`s test (alpha = 0.05). Cell morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The percentages of viable cells were as follows: G1, 100%; G2, 89.41%; G3, 82.4%; G4, 61.5%; and G5, 23.0%. G2 and G3 did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from G1. The most severe cytotoxic effects were observed in G3 and G4. In conclusion, even at low concentrations, the CP gel extracts presented cytotoxic effects. This cytotoxicity was dose-dependent, and the 0.1% CP concentration caused the most intense cytopathic effects to the MDPC-23 cells. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 9013: 907-912, 2009

Molecular evidence for the common origin of snap-traps among carnivorous plants

The snap-trap leaves of the aquatic waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda) resemble those of Venus' flytrap (Dionaea), its distribution and habit are reminiscent of bladderworts (Utricularia), but it shares many reproductive characters with sundews (Drosera). Moreover, Aldrovanda has never been included in molecular phylogenetic studies, so it has been unclear whether snap-traps evolved only once or more than once among angiosperms. Using sequences from nuclear 18S and plastid rbcL, atpB, and matK genes, we show that Aldrovanda is sister to Dionaea, and this pair is sister to Drosera. Our results indicate that snap-traps are derived from flypaper-traps and have a common ancestry among flowering plants, despite the fact that this mechanism is used by both a terrestrial species and an aquatic one. Genetic and fossil evidence for the close relationship between these unique and threatened organisms indicate that carnivory evolved from a common ancestor within this caryophyllid clade at least 65 million years ago.

Texto para discuss??o 23: reforma administrativa e direito adquirido

A Constitui????o n??o se interpreta mediante a lei ordin??ria; a lei ?? que tem a sua interpreta????o condicionada pela Constitui????o. A garantia constitucional inscrita no art. 5o, XXXVI, por expressa determina????o constitucional, tem aplica????o imediata (art. 5o, ??1o, CF), independendo de preceito legal regulador. Se o conceito de direito adquirido constitu??sse mat??ria de car??ter ordin??rio, a garantia constitucional do direito adquirido estaria de modo indireto ?? disposi????o do legislador, subordinada aos seus humores, esvaziada enquanto norma de prote????o individual. Al??m disso, ter??amos de admitir o paradoxo de um limite ao legislador depender da atua????o do pr??prio legislador

Fauna de Dissomphalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) da Mata Atlântica Brasileira, com descrição de 23 espécies novas

Foram realizadas coletas padronizadas em 18 pontos ao longo da Mata Atlântica Brasileira no escopo do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP usando-se varredura de vegetação, e armadilhas Malaise e Möricke. Foi coletado um total de 2.811 exemplares de Dissomphalus. Foram reconhecidas 30 espécies descritas, a saber: Dissomphalus conicus Azevedo, 2003, D. h-ramus Redighieri & Azevedo, 2004, D. laminaris Redighieri & Azevedo, 2004, D. manus Azevedo, 2003, D. umbilicus Azevedo, 2003, D. verrucosus Redighieri & Azevedo, 2004, D. alticlypeatus Azevedo, 2003, D. bicerutus Azevedo, 2003, D. gilvipes Evans, 1979, D. krombeini Azevedo, 1999, D. gordus Azevedo, 2003, D. undatus Azevedo, 2003, D. cristatus Redighieri & Azevedo, 2004, D. laticephalus Azevedo, 2003, D. lobicephalus Azevedo, 2003, D. completus Azevedo, 1999, D. gigantus Azevedo, 1999, D. scamatus Azevedo, 1999, D. napo Evans, 1979, D. punctatus (Kieffer, 1910), D. infissus Evans, 1969, D. plaumanni Evans, 1964, D. concavatus Azevedo, 1999, D. rectilineus Azevedo, 1999, D. bifurcatus Azevedo, 1999, D. extrarramis Azevedo, 1999, D. strictus Azevedo, 1999, D. connubialis Evans, 1966, D. microstictus Evans, 1969, D. scopatus Redighieri & Azevedo, 2004. Além disso, foram descritas e ilustradas 23 espécies novas: Dissomphalus inclinatus sp. nov., D. divisus sp. nov., D. distans sp. nov., D. crassus sp. nov., D. filiformis sp. nov., D. inflexus sp. nov., D. spissus sp. nov., D. firmus sp. nov., D. setosus sp. nov., D. tubulatus sp. nov., D. differens sp. nov., D. lamellatus sp. nov., D. fimbriatus sp. nov., D. magnus sp. nov., D. trilobatus sp. nov., D. amplifoveatus sp. nov., D. personatus sp. nov., D. excellens sp. nov., D. peculiaris sp. nov., D. bahiensis sp. nov., D. amplexus sp. nov., D. elegans sp. nov. e D. amplus sp. nov.. Foram propostos 2 grupos novos de espécies, brasiliensis com duas espécies e setosus com oito espécies. Dissomphalus connubialis Evans, 1966 foi revalidado a partir de D. brasiliensis Kieffer, 1910. Dissomphalus bispinulatus Evans, 1969 foi considerado sinônimo junior de D. brasiliensis. Foi proposto para o gênero uma chave de espécies Neotropicais baseada em machos. Algumas espécies como Dissomphalus rectilineus, D. plaumanni, D. connubialis e D. gigantus são amplamente distribuídos ao longo deste bioma. Por outro lado, espécies como Dissomphalus completus, D. bifurcatus, D. napo, D. gilvipes, D. microstictus, D. brasiliensis, D. scamatus, D. strictus, D. undatus, D. alticlypeatus, D. laticephalus, D. verrucosus, D. extrarramis, D. concavatus, D. krombeini, D. gordus, D. lobicephalus e 13 espécies novas são restritas a regiões específicas, apresentando congruência com os subcentros deste bioma.

Norma internacional de contabilidade [NIC 23]: custos de empréstimos obtidos

Revista Fiscal, Junho 2007

Números curiosos: os intrigantes 11, 17 e 23

(...) Desde logo, salienta-se um aspeto curioso. Estamos na presença de três números primos (significa que são divisíveis apenas por eles próprios e pela unidade) separados uns dos outros por seis unidades: 11+6=17 e 17+6=23. Ou seja, o 6 volta aqui a estar em destaque! (...) Destacam-se algumas ocorrências do número 11 associadas a vários acontecimentos históricos. Em 1998, um avião da Swissair, com 229 pessoas a bordo, despenhou-se no Oceano Atlântico sem sobreviventes. Era um modelo McDonnell Douglas MD-11 com número de voo SWR111. Todos nos recordamos da tragédia decorrente do sismo e tsunami de Sendai, no Japão. Estima-se que este sismo, que assolou a costa japónica a 11 de março de 2011, tenha sido o maior sismo a atingir o Japão e um dos cinco maiores do mundo desde que os registros modernos começaram a ser compilados. (...) O 17 é considerado por muitos povos um número tão azarento como o 13, como acontece, por exemplo, em Itália. Uma das justificações para esta triste fama prende-se com a escrita do 17 em numeração romana, XVII, e com um dos seus anagramas, VIXI, que significa “vivi”. E se “vivi” é porque estou morto! A aversão a este número em Itália é tal que levou a Renault, marca francesa de automóveis, a mudar a designação do seu modelo R17 para R177, para que o pudesse vender em território italiano. Ainda hoje não se encontra facilmente em Itália prédios com andares 17 e hotéis com quartos 17, nem tão pouco assentos de aviões italianos com esse número. Terminamos com algumas curiosidades relativas ao 23, um dos números favoritos em muitas teorias da conspiração: 2/3 é aproximadamente igual a 0,666, sendo 666 o número da Besta; quando foi assassinado, Júlio César terá sido esfaqueado 23 vezes; William Shakespeare nasceu a 23 de abril de 1564 e morreu a 23 de abril de 1616; o famoso Titanic afundou-se na madrugada do dia 15 de abril de 1912 (1+5+4+1+9+1+2=23); a bomba atómica foi lançada sobre Hiroshima pelas 8h15 (8+15=23); (...)

Unesp Informa, 2011, ano 2, número 23

Boletim elaborado pela Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa da Reitoria da UNESP

Deep ocean species. The little that is known mostly comes from collected specimens. Comment on L.A. Rocha et al. Letter "Specimen collection: An essential tool" (23 May, 344: 814).

Deep Ocean Species. The little that is known mostly comes from collected specimens. L.A. Rocha et al. Letter "Specimen collection: An essential tool" (23 May, 344: 814) brilliantly discuss the importance of specimen collection and present the evolution of collecting since the mid-19th century until our present strict codes and conducts. However, it is also important to emphasize the fact that the vast majority of deep ocean macro-organisms are only known to us because of collection and this is a strong argument that should be present in our actions as scientists. If the deep is considered the least known of Earth’s habitats (1% or so according to recent estimates) then what awesome collection of yet to discover species are still there to be properly described? As the authors point citing (1), something around 86% of species remain unknown. Voucher specimens are fundamental for the reasons pointed out and perhaps the vast depths of the World’s oceans are the best example of that importance. The resumed report of 2010 Census of Marine Life (2) showed that among the millions of specimens collected in both familiar and seldom-explored waters, the Census found more than 6,000 potentially new species and completed formal descriptions of more than 1,200 of them. It also found that a number of rare species are in fact common. Voucher specimens are essential and, again agreeing with L.A. Rocha et al. Letter (see above), the modern approach for collecting will not be a cause for extinctions but instead a valuable tool for knowledge, description and even, as seen above, a way to find out that supposed rare species may not be that rare and even prove to reach abundant populations.

Unesp Ciência, 2011, ano 3, número 23

Revista elaborada pela Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa da Reitoria da UNESP

Adrenal function in 23 children with paracoccidioidomycosis

Adrenal involvement by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was described at necropsies and in many clinical studies, but only in adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate adrenal function in children with paracoccidioidomycosis. Twenty-three children with the systemic form of paracoccidioidomycosis were evaluated and divided in two Groups: Group A (n = 8) included children before treatment and Group B (n = 15) children after the end of treatment. Plasma cortisol (basal and after ACTH test), ACTH, renin activity, aldosterone, sodium and potassium were measured. They were within normal range in all cases, except for renin activity and aldosterone, which were elevated in some cases. Group A patients showed basal and post-ACTH cortisol levels significantly greater than Group B patients. The results showed that adrenal function was not compromised in these children with paracoccidioidomycosis.