New media services : ratings and recommendations websites in the travel and tourism industry

The travel and hospitality industry is one which relies especially crucially on word of mouth, both at the level of overall destinations (Australia, Queensland, Brisbane) and at the level of travellers’ individual choices of hotels, restaurants, sights during their trips. The provision of such word-of-mouth information has been revolutionised over the past decade by the rise of community-based Websites which allow their users to share information about their past and future trips and advise one another on what to do or what to avoid during their travels. Indeed, the impact of such user-generated reviews, ratings, and recommendations sites has been such that established commercial travel advisory publishers such as Lonely Planet have experienced a pronounced downturn in sales ¬– unless they have managed to develop their own ways of incorporating user feedback and contributions into their publications. This report examines the overall significance of ratings and recommendation sites to the travel industry, and explores the community, structural, and business models of a selection of relevant ratings and recommendations sites. We identify a range of approaches which are appropriate to the respective target markets and business aims of these organisations, and conclude that there remain significant opportunities for further operators especially if they aim to cater for communities which are not yet appropriately served by specific existing sites. Additionally, we also point to the increasing importance of connecting stand-alone ratings and recommendations sites with general social media spaces like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, and of providing mobile interfaces which enable users to provide updates and ratings directly from the locations they happen to be visiting. In this report, we profile the following sites: * TripAdvisor, the international market leader for travel ratings and recommendations sites, with a membership of some 11 million users; * IgoUgo, the other leading site in this field, which aims to distinguish itself from the market leader by emphasising the quality of its content; * Zagat, a long-established publisher of restaurant guides which has translated its crowdsourcing model from the offline to the online world; * Lonely Planet’s Thorn Tree site, which attempts to respond to the rise of these travel communities by similarly harnessing user-generated content; * Stayz, which attempts to enhance its accommodation search and booking services by incorporating ratings and reviews functionality; and * BigVillage, an Australian-based site attempting to cater for a particularly discerning niche of travellers; * Dopplr, which connects travel and social networking in a bid to pursue the lucrative market of frequent and business travellers; * Foursquare, which builds on its mobile application to generate a steady stream of ‘check-ins’ and recommendations for hospitality and other services around the world; * Suite 101, which uses a revenue-sharing model to encourage freelance writers to contribute travel writing (amongst other genres of writing); * Yelp, the global leader in general user-generated product review and recommendation services. In combination, these profiles provide an overview of current developments in the travel ratings and recommendations space (and beyond), and offer an outlook for further possibilities. While no doubt affected by the global financial downturn and the reduction in travel that it has caused, travel ratings and recommendations remain important – perhaps even more so if a reduction in disposable income has resulted in consumers becoming more critical and discerning. The aggregated word of mouth from many tens of thousands of travellers which these sites provide certainly has a substantial influence on their users. Using these sites to research travel options has now become an activity which has spread well beyond the digirati. The same is true also for many other consumer industries, especially where there is a significant variety of different products available – and so, this report may also be read as a case study whose findings are able to be translated, mutatis mutandis, to purchasing decisions from household goods through consumer electronics to automobiles.

A Coalition game model for spectrum pooling in wireless data access networks

We consider a setting in which several operators offer downlink wireless data access services in a certain geographical region. Each operator deploys several base stations or access points, and registers some subscribers. In such a situation, if operators pool their infrastructure, and permit the possibility of subscribers being served by any of the cooperating operators, then there can be overall better user satisfaction, and increased operator revenue. We use coalitional game theory to investigate such resource pooling and cooperation between operators.We use utility functions to model user satisfaction, and show that the resulting coalitional game has the property that if all operators cooperate (i.e., form a grand coalition) then there is an operating point that maximizes the sum utility over the operators while providing the operators revenues such that no subset of operators has an incentive to break away from the coalition. We investigate whether such operating points can result in utility unfairness between users of the various operators. We also study other revenue sharing concepts, namely, the nucleolus and the Shapely value. Such investigations throw light on criteria for operators to accept or reject subscribers, based on the service level agreements proposed by them. We also investigate the situation in which only certain subsets of operators may be willing to cooperate.

Gasto público social : conceptos y alcances

Resumen: La definición del gasto público social, a pesar de ser un concepto difundido, no encuentra consenso en la literatura. En este sentido, los países utilizan definiciones operativas y ello imposibilita las comparaciones. Las modalidades de intervención del Estado en la política social, son: a) centralización y descentralización y b) tipos de políticas: universalización y focalización. El problema de la descentralización se ubica en un contexto más amplio que debería solucionarse con cambios sustanciales en la coparticipación federal, avanzando tanto en la descentralización de ingresos como en las responsabilidades de recaudación local. La focalización facilita la universalidad que es la esencia misma de la política social. En la práctica es imposible llegar a la universalidad con instrumentos tradicionales y la focalización es la herramienta útil para llegar a las personas más pobres, que en el largo plazo, deben ser sujetos de carácter universal.

Dinámica de las Redes Virtuales de Fabricación Global en la Industria Aeronáutica

[ES] Las redes virtuales de fabricación global (RVFGs) están formadas por empresas independientes las cuales establecen entre sí relaciones de tipo horizontal y vertical, pudiendo incluso ser competidores, donde no es necesario mantener internamente grandes recursos fabriles sino gestionar y compartir eficientemente los recursos de la red.

Aquaculture Asia, Vol.14, No.3, pp.1-44, July-September 2009

Sustainable aquaculture Contrasting community management and revenue sharing practices of culture-based fisheries in Lao PDR Saphakdy, B., Phomsouvanh, A., Davy, B., Nguyen, T.T.T. and De Silva, S.S.; Floodplain aquaculture in Begumgonj: New horizon for rural livelihoods in Bangladesh Hossain, M. S.; Promoting small-scale inland aquaculture in Papua New Guinea Edwards, P.; Group approach to shrimp farming: The key to sustainability Kumaran, M.; Research and farming techniques Native catfish culture - a technology package for fish farmers Haniffa, M. A.; An assessment on the influence of salinity in the growth of black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) in cages in Cochin estuary with a special emphasis on the impact of Thennermukkom Salinity Barrier Arun, A. U.; Aquatic animal health EUS in Asia and Africa: Stimulus for regional initiatives!!! Mohan, C.V. Marine Finfish Aquaculture Network Offshore opportunities for artisanal aquaculture Stock, C.; Grouper aquaculture in Brazil Sanches, E.G. and Von Seckendorff, R.W. NACA Newsletter

多对一供应链收入共享契约中的采购优化

为研究多对一供应链结构中基于契约协商的采购优化策略问题及其对改善供应链绩效的影响,针对该供应链结构中零售商具有内生保留利润的特点,建立了以制造商为主方、零售商为从方的Stackelberg主从对策模型;给出了在制造商提供契约条款的对称博弈中,零售商采购策略存在唯一最优解、制造商间的博弈存在唯一对称纳什均衡最优解的证明;讨论了收入共享契约下分散供应链决策同集中供应链决策的关系,限定了该结构中供应链协调的条件。最后,通过仿真实验分析验证了契约参数及产品的可替代性对供应链绩效的影响。

多对一供应链零售商驱动型收入共享契约下的生产决策

针对多对一供应链结构中零售商具有较强议价能力的特点,建立了零售商为主方、制造商为从方的Stackelberg主从对策模型;给出在零售商提供契约条款的对称博弈中,制造商生产产品策略存在唯一最优解的证明;分析了零售商契约参数变量的决策问题;讨论了收入共享契约下分散供应链同集中供应链决策的关系.通过仿真实验,分析验证了契约参数及产品的可替代性对供应链绩效的影响。

A economia política das transferências fiscais no Brasil: o Fundo de Participação dos Estados (FPE) contribuiu no processo de redução das disparidades regionais entre 1985 e 2009?

O compromisso político com a redução da desigualdade regional é antigo e reaparece, na história do Brasil, em todos os momentos de rediscussão do pacto federativo. Um dos instrumentos centrais de sustentação do federalismo fiscal é a partilha de receitas arrecadadas, de maneira centralizada, pela União. No Brasil, o Fundo de Participação dos Estados (FPE), criado em 1967, responde pela função de partilha, entre os estados, das receitas arrecadadas com impostos federais. O presente trabalho propõe um modelo de análise do FPE, tendo como objetivo avaliar seus impactos sobre a dinâmica de redução da desigualdade interestadual observada no período recente. Em verdade, busca-se avaliar se as expectativas dos atores políticos que engendraram a criação do fundo se confirmaram, isto é, se a partilha de receitas entre os estados foi eficaz para promover a redução das disparidades regionais no processo de desenvolvimento econômico ocorrido no Brasil.

Antirecession fiscal assistance to state and local governments.

Describes the antirecession fiscal assistance allocation process and lists each recipient government individually, showing the allocation and payment for each quarter with the unemployment rate data upon which the allocation is based.

Payment.

"This publication lists the payments made to government units as provided under the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972 (P.L.92-512)."

Entitlement period allocations with prior period adjustments.

Title varies slightly.

Federal-state-local fiscal relations : report to the President and the Congress.

"September 1985."

5th entitlement period allocations : with prior period adjustments /

Cover title.

Initial interstate data & allocations.

No longer available for sale by the Supt. of Docs.,

Sixth period entitlements /

Cover title; at head: General revenue sharing.