The future of the internet economy : addressing challenges facing the implementation of the Australian national broadband network

Innovation is vital for the future of Australia.s internet economy. Innovations rely on businesses. ability to innovate. Businesses. ability to innovate relies on their employees. The more these individual end users engage in the internet economy, the better businesses. engagement will be. The less these individual end users engage, the less likely a business is to engage and innovate. This means, for the internet economy to function at its fullest potential, it is essential that individual Australians have the capacity to engage with it and participate in it. The Australian federal government is working to facilitate the internet economy through policies, legislation and practices that implement high-speed broadband. The National Broadband Network will be a vital tool for Australia.s internet economy. Its .chief importance¡® is that it will provide faster internet access speeds that will facilitate access to internet services and content. However, an appropriate infrastructure and internet speed is only part of the picture. As the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development identified, appropriate government policies are also needed to ensure that vital services are more accessible by consumers. The thesis identifies essential theories and principles underpinning the internet economy and from which the concept of connectedness is developed. Connectedness is defined as the ability of end users to connect with internet content and services, other individuals and organisations, and government. That is, their ability to operate in the internet economy. The NBN will be vital in ensuring connectedness into the future. What is not currently addressed by existing access regimes is how to facilitate end user access capacity and participation. The thesis concludes by making recommendations to the federal government as to what the governing principles of the Australian internet economy should include in order to enable individual end user access capacity.

Cyberinfrastructure inside out : definition and influences shaping its emergence, development, and implementation in the early 21st century

The authors provide a theoretically generative definition of cyberinfrastructure (CI) by drawing from existing definitions and literature in social sciences, law, and policy studies. They propose two models of domestic and international influencers on CI emergence, development, and implementation in the early 21st century. Based on its historical emergence and computational power, they argue that cyberinfrastructure is built on, and yet distinct from the current notion of the internet. The authors seek to answer two research questions: firstly, what is cyberinfrastructure? And secondly, what national and international influencers shape its emergence, development and implementation (in e-science) in the early 21st century? Additionally, consideration will be given to the implications of the proposed definition and models, and future directions on CI research in Internet studies will be suggested.

Tools and methods for capturing Twitter data during natural disasters

During the course of several natural disasters in recent years, Twitter has been found to play an important role as an additional medium for many–to–many crisis communication. Emergency services are successfully using Twitter to inform the public about current developments, and are increasingly also attempting to source first–hand situational information from Twitter feeds (such as relevant hashtags). The further study of the uses of Twitter during natural disasters relies on the development of flexible and reliable research infrastructure for tracking and analysing Twitter feeds at scale and in close to real time, however. This article outlines two approaches to the development of such infrastructure: one which builds on the readily available open source platform yourTwapperkeeper to provide a low–cost, simple, and basic solution; and, one which establishes a more powerful and flexible framework by drawing on highly scaleable, state–of–the–art technology.

Proteomics science & society : the role of knowledge translation in moving towards clinical applications

Background: Outside the mass-spectrometer, proteomics research does not take place in a vacuum. It is affected by policies on funding and research infrastructure. Proteomics research both impacts and is impacted by potential clinical applications. It provides new techniques & clinically relevant findings, but the possibilities for such innovations (and thus the perception of the potential for the field by funders) are also impacted by regulatory practices and the readiness of the health sector to incorporate proteomics-related tools & findings. Key to this process is how knowledge is translated. Methods: We present preliminary results from a multi-year social science project, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, on the processes and motivations for knowledge translation in the health sciences. The proteomics case within this wider study uses qualitative methods to examine the interplay between proteomics science and regulatory and policy makers regarding clinical applications of proteomics. Results: Adopting an interactive format to encourage conference attendees’ feedback, our poster focuses on deficits in effective knowledge translation strategies from the laboratory to policy, clinical, & regulatory arenas. An analysis of the interviews conducted to date suggests five significant choke points: the changing priorities of funding agencies; the complexity of proteomics research; the organisation of proteomics research; the relationship of proteomics to genomics and other omics sciences; and conflict over the appropriate role of standardisation. Conclusion: We suggest that engagement with aspects of knowledge translation, such as those mentioned above, is crucially important for the eventual clinical application ofproteomics science on any meaningful scale.

Report on a workshop to investigate the current status of environmental bio-acoustic monitoring

This workshop was supported by the Australian Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (ACEAS, http://www.aceas.org.au/), a facility of the Australian Government-funded Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (http://www.tern.org.au/), a research infrastructure facility established under the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy and Education Infrastructure Fund - Super Science Initiative, through the Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education. Hosted by: Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland. (QUT, http://www.qut.edu.au/) Dates: 8-11 May 2012 Report Editors: Prof Stuart Parsons (Uni. Auckland, NZ) and Dr Michael Towsey (QUT). This report is a compilation of notes and discussion summaries contributed by those attending the Workshop. They have been assembled into a logical order by the editors. Another report (with photographs) can be obtained at: http://www.aceas.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=94&Itemid=96

Low-temperature plasma processing for Si photovoltaics

There has been a recent rapid expansion of the range of applications of low-temperature plasma processing in Si-based photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The desire to produce Si-based PV materials at an acceptable cost with consistent performance and reproducibility has stimulated a large number of major research and research infrastructure programs, and a rapidly increasing number of publications in the field of low-temperature plasma processing for Si photovoltaics. In this article, we introduce the low-temperature plasma sources for Si photovoltaic applications and discuss the effects of low-temperature plasma dissociation and deposition on the synthesis of Si-based thin films. We also examine the relevant growth mechanisms and plasma diagnostics, Si thin-film solar cells, Si heterojunction solar cells and silicon nitride materials for antireflection and surface passivation. Special attention is paid to the low-temperature plasma interactions with Si materials including hydrogen interaction, wafer cleaning, masked or mask-free surface texturization, the direct formation of p-n junction, and removal of phosphorus silicate glass or parasitic emitters. The chemical and physical interactions in such plasmas with Si surfaces are analyzed. Several examples of the plasma processes and techniques are selected to represent a variety of applications aimed at the improvement of Si-based solar cell performance. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

Challenges to undertaking randomised trials with looked after children in social care settings

Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are widely viewed as the gold standard for assessing effectiveness in health research; however many researchers and practitioners believe that RCTs are inappropriate and un-doable in social care settings, particularly in relation to looked after children. The aim of this article is to describe the challenges faced in conducting a pilot study and phase II RCT of a peer mentoring intervention to reduce teenage pregnancy in looked after children in a social care setting.

Methods: Interviews were undertaken with social care professionals and looked after children, and a survey conducted with looked after children, to establish the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and research design.

Results: Barriers to recruitment and in managing the intervention were identified, including social workers acting as informal gatekeepers; social workers concerns and misconceptions about the recruitment criteria and the need for and purpose of randomisation; resource limitations, which made it difficult to prioritise research over other demands on their time and difficulties in engaging and retaining looked after children in the study.

Conclusions: The relative absence of a research infrastructure and culture in social care and the lack of research support funding available for social care agencies, compared to health organisations, has implications for increasing evidence-based practice in social care settings, particularly in this very vulnerable group of young people.

Amostragem Adaptativa em Redes de Sensores

Uma nova área tecnológica está em crescente desenvolvimento. Esta área, denominada de internet das coisas, surge na necessidade de interligar vários objetos para uma melhoria a nível de serviços ou necessidades por parte dos utilizadores. Esta dissertação concentra-se numa área específica da tecnologia internet das coisas que é a sensorização. Esta rede de sensorização é implementada pelo projeto europeu denominado de Future Cities [1] onde se cria uma infraestrutura de investigação e validação de projetos e serviços inteligentes na cidade do Porto. O trabalho realizado nesta dissertação insere-se numa das plataformas existentes nessa rede de sensorização: a plataforma de sensores ambientais intitulada de UrbanSense. Estes sensores ambientais que estão incorporados em Data Collect Unit (DCU), também denominados por nós, medem variáveis ambientais tais como a temperatura, humidade, ozono e monóxido de carbono. No entanto, os nós têm recursos limitados em termos de energia, processamento e memória. Apesar das grandes evoluções a nível de armazenamento e de processamento, a nível energético, nomeadamente nas baterias, não existe ainda uma evolução tão notável, limitando a sua operacionalidade [2]. Esta tese foca-se, essencialmente, na melhoria do desempenho energético da rede de sensores UrbanSense. A principal contribuição é uma adaptação do protocolo de redes Ad Hoc OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing Protocol) para ser usado por nós alimentados a energia renovável, de forma a aumentar a vida útil dos nós da rede de sensorização. Com esta contribuição é possível obter um maior número de dados durante períodos de tempo mais longos, aproximadamente 10 horas relativamente às 7 horas anteriores, resultando numa maior recolha e envio dos mesmos com uma taxa superior, cerca de 500 KB/s. Existindo deste modo uma aproximação analítica dos vários parâmetros existentes na rede de sensorização. Contudo, o aumento do tempo de vida útil dos nós sensores com recurso à energia renovável, nomeadamente, energia solar, incrementa o seu peso e tamanho que limita a sua mobilidade. Com o referido acréscimo a determinar e a limitar a sua mobilidade exigindo, por isso, um planeamento prévio da sua localização. Numa primeira fase do trabalho analisou-se o consumo da DCU, visto serem estes a base na infraestrutura e comunicando entre si por WiFi ou 3G. Após uma análise dos protocolos de routing com iv suporte para parametrização energética, a escolha recaiu sobre o protocolo OLSR devido à maturidade e compatibilidade com o sistema atual da DCU, pois apesar de existirem outros protocolos, a implementação dos mesmos, não se encontram disponível como software aberto. Para a validação do trabalho realizado na presente dissertação, é realizado um ensaio prévio sem a energia renovável, para permitir caracterização de limitações do sistema. Com este ensaio, tornou-se possível verificar a compatibilidade entre os vários materiais e ajustamento de estratégias. Num segundo teste de validação é concretizado um ensaio real do sistema com 4 nós a comunicar, usando o protocolo com eficiência energética. O protocolo é avaliado em termos de aumento do tempo de vida útil do nó e da taxa de transferência. O desenvolvimento da análise e da adaptação do protocolo de rede Ad Hoc oferece uma maior longevidade em termos de tempo de vida útil, comparando ao que existe durante o processamento de envio de dados. Apesar do tempo de longevidade ser inferior, quando o parâmetro energético se encontra por omissão com o fator 3, a realização da adaptação do sistema conforme a energia, oferece uma taxa de transferência maior num período mais longo. Este é um fator favorável para a abertura de novos serviços de envio de dados em tempo real ou envio de ficheiros com um tamanho mais elevado.

Observing wind, aerosol particles, clouds and precipitation: Finland's new ground-based remote-sensing network

The Finnish Meteorological Institute, in collaboration with the University of Helsinki, has established a new ground-based remote-sensing network in Finland. The network consists of five topographically, ecologically and climatically different sites distributed from southern to northern Finland. The main goal of the network is to monitor air pollution and boundary layer properties in near real time, with a Doppler lidar and ceilometer at each site. In addition to these operational tasks, two sites are members of the Aerosols, Clouds and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network (ACTRIS); a Ka band cloud radar at Sodankylä will provide cloud retrievals within CloudNet, and a multi-wavelength Raman lidar, PollyXT (POrtabLe Lidar sYstem eXTended), in Kuopio provides optical and microphysical aerosol properties through EARLINET (the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network). Three C-band weather radars are located in the Helsinki metropolitan area and are deployed for operational and research applications. We performed two inter-comparison campaigns to investigate the Doppler lidar performance, compare the backscatter signal and wind profiles, and to optimize the lidar sensitivity through adjusting the telescope focus length and data-integration time to ensure sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in low-aerosol-content environments. In terms of statistical characterization, the wind-profile comparison showed good agreement between different lidars. Initially, there was a discrepancy in the SNR and attenuated backscatter coefficient profiles which arose from an incorrectly reported telescope focus setting from one instrument, together with the need to calibrate. After diagnosing the true telescope focus length, calculating a new attenuated backscatter coefficient profile with the new telescope function and taking into account calibration, the resulting attenuated backscatter profiles all showed good agreement with each other. It was thought that harsh Finnish winters could pose problems, but, due to the built-in heating systems, low ambient temperatures had no, or only a minor, impact on the lidar operation – including scanning-head motion. However, accumulation of snow and ice on the lens has been observed, which can lead to the formation of a water/ice layer thus attenuating the signal inconsistently. Thus, care must be taken to ensure continuous snow removal.

On the pathogenesis of Plasmodium vivax malaria: Perspectives from the Brazilian field

Life-threatening Plasmodium vivax malaria cases, while uncommon, have been reported since the early 20th century. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of these severe vivax malaria cases is still poorly understood. In Brazil, the proportion of vivax malaria cases has been steadily increasing, as have the number of cases presenting serious clinical complications. The most frequent syndromes associated with severe vivax malaria in Brazil are severe anaemia and acute respiratory distress. Additionally, P. vivax infection may also result in complications associated with pregnancy. Here, we review the latest findings on severe vivax malaria in Brazil. We also discuss how the development of targeted field research infrastructure in Brazil is providing clinical and ex vivo experimental data that benefits local and international efforts to understand the pathogenesis of P. vivax. (C) 2012 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Determination of degree of ionization of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly[1-[4-(3-carboxy‑4 hydroxyphenylazo)benzene sulfonamido]-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt] (PAZO) in layer-by-layer films using vacuum photoabsorption spectroscopy

Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions govern most of the properties of supramolecular systems, which is the reason determining the degree of ionization of macromolecules has become crucial for many applications. In this paper, we show that highresolution ultraviolet spectroscopy (VUV) can be used to determine the degree of ionization and its effect on the electronic excitation energies of layer-by-layer (LbL) films of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly[1-[4-(3-carboxy-4 hydroxyphenylazo)- benzene sulfonamido]-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt] (PAZO). A full assignment of the VUV peaks of these polyelectrolytes in solution and in cast or LbL films could be made, with their pH dependence allowing us to determine the p'K IND. a' using the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. The p'K IND. a' for PAZO increased from ca. 6 in solution to ca. 7.3 in LbL films owing to the charge transfer from PAH. Significantly, even using solutions at a fixed pH for PAH, the amount adsorbed on the LbL films still varied with the pH of the PAZO solutions due to these molecular-level interactions. Therefore, the procedure based on a comparison of VUV spectra from solutions and films obtained under distinct conditions is useful to determine the degree of dissociation of macromolecules, in addition to permitting interrogation of interface effects in multilayer films.

Comparison of co-located independent ground-based middle atmospheric wind and temperature measurements with numerical weather prediction models

High-resolution, ground-based and independent observations including co-located wind radiometer, lidar stations, and infrasound instruments are used to evaluate the accuracy of general circulation models and data-constrained assimilation systems in the middle atmosphere at northern hemisphere midlatitudes. Systematic comparisons between observations, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analyses including the recent Integrated Forecast System cycles 38r1 and 38r2, the NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalyses, and the free-running climate Max Planck Institute–Earth System Model–Low Resolution (MPI-ESM-LR) are carried out in both temporal and spectral dom ains. We find that ECMWF and MERRA are broadly consistent with lidar and wind radiometer measurements up to ~40 km. For both temperature and horizontal wind components, deviations increase with altitude as the assimilated observations become sparser. Between 40 and 60 km altitude, the standard deviation of the mean difference exceeds 5 K for the temperature and 20 m/s for the zonal wind. The largest deviations are observed in winter when the variability from large-scale planetary waves dominates. Between lidar data and MPI-ESM-LR, there is an overall agreement in spectral amplitude down to 15–20 days. At shorter time scales, the variability is lacking in the model by ~10 dB. Infrasound observations indicate a general good agreement with ECWMF wind and temperature products. As such, this study demonstrates the potential of the infrastructure of the Atmospheric Dynamics Research Infrastructure in Europe project that integrates various measurements and provides a quantitative understanding of stratosphere-troposphere dynamical coupling for numerical weather prediction applications.

Neutronics design and radiological aspects of HiPER facilities

En este trabajo se han cubierto diferentes asuntos del diseño neutrónico de los aspectos radiológicos de las dos instalaciones del proyecto HiPER. El proyecto HiPER es un proyecto europeo concebido en el marco del programa ESFRI (European Scientific Facilities Research Infrastructure). Está destinado al desarrollo de la energía de fusión nuclear inercial mediante el uso de láseres y el esquema iluminación directa. Consecuentemente, se trata de una instalación con fines exclusivamente civiles. Se divide en dos fases, correspondientes con dos instalaciones: HiPER Engineering y HiPER Reactor. La instalación HiPER Engineering desarrollará las tecnologías implicadas en la ignición de alta repetición de cápsulas de DT por iluminación directa. El HiPER Reactor será una planta demostradora que produzca electricidad haciendo uso de las tecnologías desarrolladas durante la fase HiPER Engineering. El HiPER Engineering se centrará en las tecnologías relevantes para las igniciones a alta repetición de cápsulas de DT usando la iluminación directa. El principal esfuerzo de desarrollo tecnológico se hará en todos los asuntos directamente relacionados con la ignición: láseres, óptica, inyector, y fabricación masiva de cápsulas entre otros. Se espera una producción de entre 5200 MJ/año y 120000 MJ/año dependiendo del éxito de la instalación. Comparado con la energía esperada en NIF, 1200 MJ/año, se trata de un reto y un paso más allá en la protección radiológica. En este trabajo se ha concebido una instalación preliminar. Se ha evaluado desde el punto de vista de la protección radiológica, siendo las personas y la óptica el objeto de protección de este estudio. Se ha establecido una zonificación durante la operación y durante el mantenimiento de la instalación. Además, se ha llevado a cabo una evaluación de la selección de materiales para la cámara de reacción desde el punto de vista de gestión de residuos radiactivos. El acero T91 se ha seleccionado por, siendo un acero comercial, presentar el mismo comportamiento que el acero de baja activación EUROFER97 al evaluarse como residuo con el nivel de irradiación de HiPER Engineering. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos para la instalación preliminar y las modificaciones de la instalación motivadas en otros campos, se ha propuesto una instalación avanzada también en este trabajo. Un análisis más profundo de los aspectos radiológicos, así como una evaluación completa de la gestión de todos los residuos radiactivos generados en la instalación se ha llevado a cabo. La protección radiológica se ha incrementado respecto de la instalación preliminar, y todos los residuos pueden gestionarse en un plazo de 30 sin recurrir al enterramiento de residuos. El HiPER Reactor sera una planta demostradora que produzca electricidad basada en las tecnologías de ignición desarrolladas durante la fase HiPER Engineering. El esfuerzo de desarrollo tecnológico se llevará a cabo en los sistemas relacionados con la generación de electricidad en condiciones económicas: manto reproductor de tritio, ciclos de potencia, vida y mantenimiento de componentes, o sistemas de recuperación de tritio entre otros. En este trabajo la principal contribución a HiPER Reactor está relacionada con el diseño de la cámara de reacción y sus extensiones en la planta. La cámara de reacción es la isla nuclear más importante de la planta, donde la mayoría de las reacciones nucleares tienen lugar. Alberga la primera pared, el manto reproductor de tritio y la vasija de vacío. Todo el trabajo realizado aquí ha pivotado en torno al manto reproductor de tritio y sus interacciones con el resto de componentes de la planta. Tras una revisión profunda de la bibliografía de los diseños recientes de cámaras de reacción con características similares a HiPER Reactor, se ha propuesto y justificado un esquema tecnológico innovador para el manto reproductor de tritio. El material fértil selecconado es el eutéctico 15.7 at.% Litio – 84.3 at.% Plomo, LiPb, evitando el uso de berilio como multiplicador neutrónico mientras se garantiza el ajuste online de la tasa de reproducción de tritio mediante el ajuste en el enriquecimiento en 6Li. Aunque se podría haber elegido Litio purom el LiPb evita problemas relacionados con la reactividad química. El precio a pagar es un reto materializado como inventario radiactivo de Z alto en el lazo de LiPb que debe controlarse. El material estructural seleccionado es el acero de baja activación EUROFER97, que estará en contacto directo con le LiPb fluyendo a alta velocidad. En este esquema tecnológico, el LiPb asegurará la autosuficiente de tritio de la planta mientras el propio LiPb extrae del manto el calor sobre él depositado por los neutrones. Este esquema recibe el nombre de manto de Litio-Plomo auto-refrigerado (SCLL por sus siglas en inglés). Respecto de los conceptos SCLL previos, es destacable que nos e requieren componentes del SiC, puesto que no hay campos magnéticos en la cámara de reacción. Consecuentemente, el manto SCLL propuesto para HiPER presenta riesgo tecnológicos moderados, similares a otros dispositivos de fusión magnética, como el HCLL, e incluso inferiores a los del DCLL, puesto que no se require SiC. Los retos que se deben afrontar son el control del inventario de Z alto así como las tasas de corrosión derivadas de la interacción del LiPb con el EUROFE97. En este trabajo se abordan ambos aspectos, y se presentan los respectivos análisis, junto con otros aspectos neutrónicos y de activación, tales como la protección de la vasija de vacío por parte del material fértil para garantizar la resoldabilidad de por vida en la cara externa de la vasija. También se propone y se estudio un ciclo de potencia de Brayton de Helio para dos configuraciones diferentes de refrigeración del sistema primera pared-manto reproductor. Las principales conclusiones de estos estudios son: i) el inventario de Z alto puede controlarse y es comparable al que se encuentra en dispositivos de fusión similares, ii)la vasija de vacío requiere una mayor protección frente a la radiación neutrónica y iii) las tasas de corrosión son demasiado altas y la temperatura media de salida del LiPb es demasiado baja. Tiendo en cuenta estos resultados juntos con otras consideraciones relacionadas con el mantenimiento de componentes y la viabilidad constructiva, se ha propuesto una evolución de la cámara de reacción. Las evoluciones más destacables son la introducción de un reflector neutrónico de grafito, la modificación de la configuración de la óptica final, la forma y el tamaño de la cámara de vacío y una nueva subdivisión modular del manto. Se ha evaluado desde el punto de vista neutrónico, y su análisis y posterior evolución queda fuera del objeto de este trabajo. Los códigos utilizados en este trabajo son: CATIA para la generación de geometrías 3D complejas MCAM para la traducción de archivos de CATIA a formato de input de MCNP MCNP para el transporte de la radiación (neutrones y gammas) y sus respuestas asociadas ACAB para la evolución del inventario isotópico y sus respuestas asociadas MC2ACAB para acoplar MCNP y ACAB para el cómputo de dosis en parada usando la metodología R2S basada en celda. Moritz para visualizar los reultados de MCNP FLUENT para llevar a cabo cálculos de fluido-dinámica Para llevar a cabo este trabajo, han sido necesarias unas destrezas computacionales. Las más relevantes utilizadas son: generación de geometrás 3D complejas y transmisión a MCNP, diferentes tñecnica de reducción de varianza como importancia por celdas y weight windows basado en malla, metodología Rigorous-two-Steps basada en celdas para el cálculo de dosis en parada y la modificación del código ACAB para el cálculos con múltiples espectros en la misma simulación. Como resumen, la contribución de este trabajo al proyecto HiPER son dos diseños conceptuales de instalación: una para HiPER Engineering y otra para HiPER Reactor. La primera se ha estudio en profundidad desde el punto de vista de protección radiológica y gestión de residuos, mientras que la segunda se ha estudiado desde el punto de vista de operación: seguridad, comportamiento, vida y mantenimiento de componentes y eficiencia del ciclo de potencia.

The role of a firm's absorptive capacity and the technology transfer process in clusters: How effective are technology centres in low-tech clusters?

This paper analyses how the internal resources of small- and medium-sized enterprises determine access (learning processes) to technology centres (TCs) or industrial research institutes (innovation infrastructure) in traditional low-tech clusters. These interactions basically represent traded (market-based) transactions, which constitute important sources of knowledge in clusters. The paper addresses the role of TCs in low-tech clusters, and uses semi-structured interviews with 80 firms in a manufacturing cluster. The results point out that producer–user interactions are the most frequent; thus, the higher the sector knowledge-intensive base, the more likely the utilization of the available research infrastructure becomes. Conversely, the sectors with less knowledge-intensive structures, i.e. less absorptive capacity (AC), present weak linkages to TCs, as they frequently prefer to interact with suppliers, who act as transceivers of knowledge. Therefore, not all the firms in a cluster can fully exploit the available research infrastructure, and their AC moderates this engagement. In addition, the existence of TCs is not sufficient since the active role of a firm's search strategies to undertake interactions and conduct openness to available sources of knowledge is also needed. The study has implications for policymakers and academia.