集散式束流诊断器件定位系统

在很多束流诊断系统中，步进电机已被广泛的用于束流诊断器件定位的动力驱动。为了实现对步进电机的本地控制、远地控制和集中控制，我们开发了基于86BYG45OB-O2型步进电机的集散式束流诊断器件定位系统。本文全面论述了一个基于半双工RS-485总线集散式控制系统的设计；根据束流诊断器件定位控制系统需求出发，阐明了控制系统的开发背景、基本结构的建立、硬件设计方案和软件的实现。本论文主要包括五部分：第一部分介绍了在兰州放射性核次级束流装置（RIBL）中，束流诊断器件定位的特点和要求。第二部分分析了原有束流诊断定位系统的结构和不足，说明了集散式束流诊断器件定位系统的结构和优点。第三：部分介绍了Rs-232、RS-422和RS-455及RS-485组网中的有关问题。第四部分详细论述了本地控制单元的硬件和软件的设计。第五部分介绍了远地控制单元的软件设计。

基于MSP430F149的智能温度控制系统

随着计算机技术、测量技术以及控制技术的高速发展，越来越多的先进设备、技术和方法应用于控制领域中。在这其中，单片微处理器因其性能的日益提高、价格的不断降低、强有力的性价优势而逐渐凸现其重要的核心地位。而基于它的温度控制器对于大型工业工程和日常生活等领域的应用前景也日趋广阔。本智能温控系统将应用于国家大科学工程HIRFL-CSR中，它以新型低功耗单片机MSP430F149作为核心，并配有键盘和数码管显示组成小型操作系统，可实现数据采集、数据显示、键盘输入和自动控制等功能。本系统可以进行现场监控，也可以通过RS-485与上位机的串行通信，使这套系统可以在上位机上设定控制温度和各个控制参数，实现远程对温度的实时监控。相对传统的温度控制器而言，本设计采用了铂电阻温度测量电路，并通过硬件和软件两方面对采集模块进行优化处理以便提高系统精度。最终实现了在O℃～500℃温控范围内采集精度在士1℃范围内。使得整个系统具有精度高、可靠性较好、电路简单、成本低、体积小、生产调试方便等特点。本文从硬件和软件两个方面详细介绍了构成本系统的各个模块的硬件电路设计·实现功能和软件编程思想，并丛温控系统的硬件和软件方面介绍了一些工程上实用的抗干扰措施。

六功能水下机械手的变结构控制方法和应用研究

随着各国对海洋资源开发利用的加剧，水下机械手作为作业型水下机器人首选配置的一种通用作业工具，应用范围不断扩展，而现有的水下机械手采用主从控制方式，在水下复杂的作业环境下精度及效率不高，限制了水下机械手的使用。引入监控模式的机械手系统是水下机械手发展的一个主流方向。本课题就是以实现机械手的监控模式为目标，针对在实现监控式机械手过程中遇到的两个鱼待解决的难题：机械手的实时运动学逆解和复杂条件下满足高精度轨迹跟踪要求的控制方法，以六功能水下机械手为对象展开并完成课题工作。本文的主要研究成果分为以下三个部分：针对此机械手运动学逆解不能简单由解析方式给出的特点，本文提出运用基于约束最优化的变尺度算法。运用惩罚函数和二次插值选取迭代步长，保证了搜索的有效性；没有直接求解二阶导数，不存在奇异解。该算法是超线性收敛。对实例的求解证明了该算法的快速性和在解决此水下机械手在线轨迹规划时的有效。针对现有的水下机械手关节位置控制中采用PID控制算法而存在的一些缺点，本文以电液位置伺服的肩转关节为例，进行了滑模控制方法的研究。设计了单关节的滑模控制器，并把简化后的滑模控制器运用到实际的控制系统中，仿真和实验结果表明在复杂条件下滑模控制与PID控制相比有高精度和快速的跟踪性能。针对滑模控制的“颤振”现象，引入模糊控制的思想，设计了单关节的模糊滑模控制器，仿真和最终的实验证明了运用模糊滑模控制能有效消弱“颤振”，系统有良好的跟踪性能。针对原有的控制系统不适合于监控方式的机械手控制的特点，重新设计了水下机械手的水下控制器，组建了基于RS－485通讯，以PC机为上位机系统和89C52为下位机系统的机械手两级控制系统，并在这个人机界面友好、工作稳定的系统上完成了本文所有的实验。

基于DSP的烟支在线检测及调整系统

针对高速卷接机组检测电路结构复杂,检测和调整相对滞后的问题,基于烟支质量检测的基本原理,设计开发了基于DSP的烟支质量检测及智能调整系统。本文讨论了该系统硬件和软件的设计思想及系统的组成结构,对该系统的各个模块的功能及实现方法进行了详尽的描述。通过对高速卷接机组工作过程进行在线检测,实现对烟支质量的控制及不合格烟支的剔除,做到实时智能处理,保证了烟支的质量。

烟支综合质量检测系统装置的开发应用

本文依托于中科院沈阳自动化研究所自动化装备研究室的项目——PASSIM卷接机组改造。PASSIM卷接机组是从英国MOLINS公司引进的设备，限于当时的硬件设计技术、芯片封装技术和通信技术，导致系统控制体积大，系统内部之间的连接也很复杂，同时旧的检测标准也不符合现在的要求。在消化吸收了国外设计思想的基础上，开发出了新型的烟支质量检测控制系统。在新的检测控制系统中采用了TI公司的DSP处理器，TMS320F2812完成系统中的数据采样、A/D转换和数据处理等功能，由于DSP处理器的A/D 采样精度高，运算速度快，满足了系统在速度和精度上的要求；同时，系统选用CYGNAL公司的单片机8051F020与上位机进行RS-485数据通讯，DSP与单片机之间采用双口RAM来共享数据。系统很好的完成了数据采集处理和数据交换的功能，对烟支质量做到了检测准确，剔除实时，取得了良好的使用效果。 本文首先对卷烟机的构成和控制系统作了简单的分析和介绍，剖析了烟支质量检测的原理，包括重量、稀释度和空头信号的产生，采集和处理。接着详细阐述了系统的具体方案设计，结合卷烟机工艺要求，按检测信号的分布将系统分为三个检测子站，对子站的设计进行了详细的分析。设计分为硬件和软件部分，硬件部分包括芯片的选择和接口电路的实现，软件则主要用来实现对重量、稀释度和空头信号的处理分析，及时剔除不合格烟支。最后介绍了系统在现场对传感器的校准和参数调整过程，并对运行结果进行了分析，实践证明系统是高效可靠的，满足了检测和控制的要求。

Desenvolvimento e implementação de um sistema de controle de posição e velocidade de uma esteira transportadora usando inversor de frequência e microcontrolador

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Road network extraction with new vectorization and pruning from high-resolution RS images

With the increasing resolution of remote sensing images, road network can be displayed as continuous and homogeneity regions with a certain width rather than traditional thin lines. Therefore, road network extraction from large scale images refers to reliable road surface detection instead of road line extraction. In this paper, a novel automatic road network detection approach based on the combination of homogram segmentation and mathematical morphology is proposed, which includes three main steps: (i) the image is classified based on homogram segmentation to roughly identify the road network regions; (ii) the morphological opening and closing is employed to fill tiny holes and filter out small road branches; and (iii) the extracted road surface is further thinned by a thinning approach, pruned by a proposed method and finally simplified with Douglas-Peucker algorithm. Lastly, the results from some QuickBird images and aerial photos demonstrate the correctness and efficiency of the proposed process.

DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A (rs 1800497 C>T) genotypes are associated with susceptibility to second generation antipsychotic-induced akathisia

Rationale Although the advent of atypical, second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) has resulted in reduced likelihood of akathisia, this adverse effect remains a problem. Extrapyramidal adverse effects are associated with increased drug occupancy of dopamine 2 receptors (DRD2). The A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1,rs1800497, is associated with decreased striatal DRD2 density. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify whether the A1(T) allele of the DRD2/ANKK1 was associated with akathisia (measured with the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale) in a clinical sample of 234 patients treated with antipsychotics. Results Definite akathisia (a score≥ 2 for the global clinical assessment of akathisia) was significantly less common in subjects prescribed SGAs (16.8 %) than those prescribed FGAs (47.6%), p<0.0001. Overall, 24.1% of A1+ (A1A2/A1A1) patients treated with SGAs had akathisia compared to 10.8% of A1- (A2A2) patients. A1+ (A1A2/A1A1) patients administered SGAs also had higher global clinical assessment of akathisia scores than A1- subjects (p=0.01). SGAs maintained their advantage over FGAs regarding akathisia even in A1+ patients treated with SGAs. Conclusions These results strongly suggest that A1+ variants of the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A allele confer risk for akathisia in patients treated with SGAs and may explain inconsistencies across prior studies comparing FGAs and SGAs.

RS and GIS in mapping of geomorphic records and understanding the local controls of glacial retreat from the Baspa Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

We report here the role of remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) in the identification of geomorphic records and understanding of the local controls on the retreat of glaciers of the Baspa Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India. The geomorphic records mapped are accumulation zone, exposed ablation zone, moraine-covered ablation zone, snout, deglaciated valley, lateral moraine, medial moraine, terminal moraine and hanging glacier. Details of these features and stages of deglaciation have been extracted from RS data and mapped in a GIS environment. Glacial geomorphic data have been generated for 22 glaciers of the Baspa Valley. The retreat of glaciers has been estimated using the glacial maxima observed on satellite images. On the basis of percentage of retreat and the critical analysis of glacial geomorphic data for 22 glaciers of the Baspa Valley, they are classified into seven categories of very low to very very high retreat. From the analysis of the above 22 glaciers, it has been found that other than global warming, the retreat of glaciers of the Baspa Valley is inversely proportional to the size of the accumulation zone and the ratio of the moraine covered ablation/exposed ablation zone.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 485]

Os constituintes garantiram na nova Carta a iniciativa popular nas leis. Basta que 1% do eleitorado do país, 700.000 eleitores, assine uma emenda e envie ao Congresso. Com os 559 constituintes presentes, numa sessão histórica, o Plenário aprovou ontem o Presidencialismo como sistema de governo. O texto aprovado foi um texto básico, chamado de a Emenda Lucena. Agora será necessário fazer os ajustes para que o sistema de governo esteja adequado. A duração do mandato para Presidente está em discussão. A duração de 4 ou 5 anos deverá ser definida.

Comparative investigations on the respiratory physiology of euryhaline gammarids with special reference to salinity adaptation. [Translation from: Helgolaender Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 23(4) 485-534, 1972.]

Members of the family Gammaridae are very closely interrelated. There arises the question as to how far they also differ amongst themselves through physiological characteristics. Comparative respiratory and physiological experiments were made on the five euryhaline species Gammarus locusta, G. oceanicus, G. salinus, G. zaddachi and G. duebeni. The respiratory measurements carried out within the framework of this experiment were occupied with the relationships between oxygen consumption and body size depending on salinity. They also had the object of determing the variations in metabolic intensity after an abrupt change in the salt content of the external medium, and to establish the period of time for the process of adaptation. As the experiments were carried out polarographically in a testing plant with continuous flow-through, and the method which was applied permitted continuous recording over prolonged intervals, there could also be carried out comparisons between metabolism at rest and under activity, and the alterations of oxygen consumption during the process of moulting could be measured.

Geoquímica orgânica aplicada à formação Irati, área de Herval, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), bacia do Paraná

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo o estudo geoquímico detalhado em poço da Bacia do Paraná, mais especificamente na cidade de Herval (RS), visando preencher algumas das lacunas existentes em termos de geoquímica orgânica da Formação Irati. Com base nos dados de carbono orgânico total, enxofre total, resíduo insolúvel, raios-gama, isótopos de carbono da matéria orgânica, pirólise Rock-Eval e biomarcadores individualizaram-se dez unidades quimioestratigráficas. Biomarcadores foram usados na caracterização dos ambientes deposicionais, na discriminação da origem da matéria orgânica e da influência da litologia. O ambiente deposicional das unidades A, B, C é óxico com salinidade normal. O topo da unidade B representa a superfície de inundação máxima, onde os valores de COT aumentam. Com base nos biomarcadores caracterizou-se um paleoambiente deposicional com alguma tendência anóxica. Nas unidades D e G ocorrem os folhelhos intercalados com carbonatos. Nestas, a concentração de COT é acima de 1%, porém, somente na unidade G há bom potencial gerador para gás e condensado. As unidades E e I apresentam elevados teores de carbono orgânico total, chegando a 16%. Os dados de pirólise Rock-Eval indicam um bom a excelente potencial gerador para óleo e gás. Os dados isotópicos possibilitaram a divisão da Formação Irati, no poço em estudo, em três ciclos. O primeiro, da base para o topo, corresponde ao Membro Taquaral, os outros dois correspondem ao Membro Assistência. No Membro Assistência o δ13C varia de acordo com a salinidade, aumento da produtividade primária e da preservação da matéria orgânica (anoxia).

基于RS编码及网格编码调制的光PPM通信纠错技术

分析了RS（Reed-Solomon）纠错码和网格编码调制（Trellis Coded Modulation，TCM）技术在光脉冲位置调制通信中的应用．在此基础上，提出了以RS码作为外码，以网格编码调制技术作为内码，用于光脉冲位置调制通信的新编码方案，能以几乎不减少通信速率的优势，提高传统RS码系统在时变带限光信道中的通信性能．模拟研究了在不同空间光信道条件下，传统RS码的符号正确传输率和误码率，并对网格编码调制的编码增益、RS码与网格编码调制级联时的编码增益进行了仿真研究，证实了本方案的有效性．