Investigation of Video Crack and Patch Surveying for Pavement Management, MLR-92-01, 1992

The Iowa DOT has been using the AASHTO Present Serviceability Index (PSI) rating procedure since 1968 to rate the condition of pavement sections. A ride factor and a cracking and patching factor make up the PSI value. Crack and patch surveys have been done by sending crews out to measure and record the distress. Advances in video equipment and computers make it practical to videotape roads and do the crack and patch measurements in the office. The objective of the study was to determine the feasibility of converting the crack and patch survey operation to a video recording system with manual post processing. The summary and conclusions are as follows: Video crack and patch surveying is a feasible alternative to the current crack and patch procedure. The cost per mile should be about 25 percent less than the current procedure. More importantly, the risk of accidents is reduced by getting the people and vehicles off the roadway and shoulder. Another benefit is the elimination of the negative public perceptions of the survey crew on the shoulder.

Photographic rectification of the graphic documentation of historical and archaeological heritage: The case of the southern facade of the Praetorium tower in Tarragona (Tarraco, Hispania Citerior)

This article details the use of photographic rectification as support for the graphic documentation of historical and archaeological heritage and specifically the southern facade of the Torre del Pretori (Praetorium Tower) in Tarragona. The Praetorium Tower is part of a larger monumental complex and one of the towers that connected different parts of the Tarraco Provincial Forum, the politic-administrative centre of the ancient capital of Hispania Citerioris. It is therefore a valuable example of the evolution of Roman urban architecture. The aim of this project is to provide accurate graphic documentation of the structure to facilitate the restoration and conservation of the tower, as well as to provide a more profound architectural and archaeological understanding of the Roman forum. The use of photographic rectification enabled us to overcome the spatial and time difficulties involved in collecting data caused by the size and location of the building. Specific software made it easier to obtain accurate two-dimensional images. For this reason, in our case, photographic rectification helped us to make a direct analysis of the monument and facilitated interpretation of the architectural stratigraphy. We currently separate the line of research into two concepts: the construction processes and the architecture of the building. The documentation collected permitted various analyses: the characterisation of the building modules, identification of the tools used to work the building materials, etc. In conclusion, the use of orthoimages is a powerful tool that permits the systematic study of a Roman building that has evolved over the centuries and is now in a modern urban context.

Images as Proof. Photographic portrayal of Catastrophes in Helsingin Sanomat, 1969-1979

Tutkielman aiheena ovat Helsingin Sanomissa 1969 – 1979 uutisoitujen onnettomuuksien kuvallisen esittämisen tavat. Aihetta lähestytään analysoimalla V. K. Hietasen ottamia uutisartikkelien yhteydessä julkaistuja katastrofivalokuvia. Analyysi tapahtuu vertailemalla negatiiveja julkaistuihin kuviin, syventymällä kuvavalintoihin, sekä siihen, miten ne mahdollisesti vaikuttavat lukijoiden käsitykseen todellisuudesta. Tutkielmassa valokuvat toimivat itsenäisinä historian lähteinä, niiden arvo ja luotettavuus punnitaan omassa kontekstissaan. Vaikkakin lehtikuvat ovat pääasiallisena lähteenä, niiden suhde artikkeleihin ja kuvateksteihin on merkityksellinen. Katastrofi-termi viittaa tutkimuksessa onnettomuus- ja rikoskuviin, niiden yhdistäviä tekijöitä ovat draamallisuus ja dramaattisuus. Toisaalta kuvat ovat todisteita dramaattisesta tapahtumasta, toisaalta ne on rakennettu kertomaan tapahtuman tarina joko yksittäisessä kuvassa tai monesta kuvasta koostuvassa kuvasarjassa. Todistaminen ja kuvien rakentaminen tapahtuu pitkälti henkilöiden kautta. Personifikaation avulla uutisartikkelit ja niiden kuvat tuodaan lähemmäksi lukijoita. Valokuvien todistus- ja totuusarvot vaihtelevat julkaisuyhteydestä riippuen, vaikka kuvien alkuperäinen tarkoitus on todistaa tapahtumien todenperäisyydestä. Samoin vaatimus niiden autenttisuudesta on artikkelityypille alisteinen. Kuvavalinnoissa tasapainoillaan todellisuuden näyttämisen ja peittämisen välillä. Lukijoille luodaan kuvavalinnoin mediatapahtumia, joissa onnettomuuksien dramaattisuus korostuu, mutta samalla heille kuitenkin luodaan kuva harmonisesta yhteiskunnasta, jossa auktoriteetit ja yhteisöt liittävät voimansa yhteen taistelussa pahaa vastaan.

Present-day deformation of the Pyrenees revealed by GPS surveying and earthquake focal mechanisms until 2011

The Pyrenean mountain range is a slowly deforming belt with continuous and moderate seismic activity. To quantify its deformation field, we present the velocity field estimated from a GPS survey of the Pyrenees spanning 18 yr. The PotSis and ResPyr networks, including a total of 85 GPS sites, were installed and first measured in 1992 and 1995 1997, respectively, and remeasured in 2008 and 2010. We obtain a deformation field with velocities less than 1 mm yr−1 across the range. The estimated velocities for individual stations do not differ significantly from zero with 95 per cent confidence. Even so, we estimate a maximum extensional horizontal strain rate of 2.0 ± 1.7 nanostrain per year in a N S direction in the western part of the range. We do not interpret the vertical displacements due to their large uncertainties. In order to compare the horizontal strain rates with the seismic activity, we analyse a set of 194 focal mechanisms using three methods: (i) the 'r' factor relating their P and T axes, (ii) the stress tensors obtained by fault slip inversion and (iii) the strain-rate tensors. Stress and strain-rate tensors are estimated for: (i) the whole data set, (ii) the eastern and western parts of the range separately, and (iii) eight zones, which are defined based on the seismicity and the tectonic patterns of the Pyrenees. Each of these analyses reveals a lateral variation of the deformation style from compression and extension in the east to extension and strike-slip in the west of the range. Although the horizontal components of the strain-rate tensors estimated from the seismic data are slightly smaller in magnitude than those computed from the GPS velocity field, they are consistent within the 2σ uncertainties. Furthermore, the orientations of their principal axes agree with the mapped active faults.

Behring's Sea and Arctic Ocean from surveys of the U.S. North Pacific Surveying Expedition in 1855 John Rogers commanding and from Russian and English authorities : additions to July 1868

Kartta kuuluu A. E. Nordenskiöldin kokoelmaan

Measurement of growth in the lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum using a new photographic technique

Lichenologists and users of lichenometry have long used calipers or photogrammetry to measure the growth of crustose lichens. Now, digital photography and popular computer software provide methodological alternatives. This thesis developed and tested a new methodology for tracking change and growth of the lichen, Rhizocarpon geographicum. Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended software and a photographic time series (1996,2003,2006 and 2007) were used to measure thallus diameter, area, prothallus width and areolae area in 115 small R. geographicum thalli (0.53-1049.88 mm2 ). Measures of 8 diameters per thallus showed that change in diameter was highly variable and is a weak index of growth. Thallus area was a reliable measure of growth (power correlation, R2 = 0.89). Rapid, highly irregular growth occurred in small thalli «30 mm2 ), and steady, uniform growth occurred in larger thalli (>30 mm2 ). This new methodology is tedious but can potentially generate accurate and precise measures for even the tiniest of lichens.

Brass Surveying Compass

Brass Surveying Compass with a 6 1/2 inch diameter silvered brass dial signed E. and G.W. Blunt of New York. There is a fleur-de-lis at the north point and the outer needle ring is engraved 0-90 in four quadrants. There is an engraved central pattern, blue steel hand and brass lifter, shaped limbs and a brass dial cover. This belonged to Samuel DeVeaux Woodruff who was a Civil Engineer. It also belonged to R.D.W. Band who was also a Civil Engineer. Also, One 13 cm. brass spindle taper for the surveying compass, n.d

Letter - List of Surveying Equipment

Letter containing a handwritten list of prices for items such as tripods and sockets sent to Mr. S.D. Woodruff from Troughton and Simms of Fleet Street, London, England, Feb.23, 1846.

Letter of request to Charles Stuart from S.D. Woodruff for payment for expenses for surveying the macadamized road from Port Robinson to Hurst’s Bridge

Letter of request to Charles Stuart from S.D. Woodruff for payment for expenses for surveying the macadamized road from Port Robinson to Hurst’s Bridge, July 4, 1855.