86 resultados para POLUI


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Increasing concern with the environment, in addition to strict laws, has induced the industries to find altenatives to the treatment of their wastes. Actually, the oil industry has sought solutions to overcome a big environmental problem, i.e., oil field produced water being discharged to the sea. These effluents have organic compounds dissolved, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). These compounds are difficult to be removed and have high toxicity. The advanced oxidation processes - AOP are effective to degradation of these organic compounds, because they generate hydroxyl radicals with high potential of oxidation. This work includes the reactor photochemical development applied in the photodegradation treatment (by photo-Fenton process) of wastewaters containing organic compounds dissolved, aiming at treatment and recovery the oil field produced water. The studied reactor allowed the evaluation of two ultraviolet radiation sources that is the main factor to describe the feasibility of the photo¬Fenton treatment, i.e., sun and black light fluorescent lamps, and other relevant variables the process: concentration of reagents, irradiated area and also various reactor configurations to maximize the use of radiation. The organic matter degradation was verified with samples collected during the experimental and analyzed with a total organic carbon analyzer (TOC), which expressed the results in terms of mgC/L. The solar radiation was more effective than radiation from the lamps. it's an important factor for the operation costs cutting. Preliminary experiments applied to oil field produced water treatment have showed satisfactory results, reducing up to 76 % of organic matter

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Increasing concern with the environment, in addition to strict laws, has induced the industries to find alternatives to the treatment of their wastes. Actually, the oil industry has sought solutions to overcome a big environmental problem, i.e., oil field produced water being discharged to the sea. These effluents have organic compounds dissolved, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). These compounds are difficult to be removed and have high toxicity. The advanced oxidation processes - AOP are effective to degradation of these organic compounds, because they generate hydroxyl radicals with high potential of oxidation. This work includes the reactor photochemical development applied in the photodegradation treatment (by photo-Fenton process) of wastewaters containing organic compounds dissolved, aiming at treatment and recovery the oil field produced water. The studied reactor allowed the evaluation of two ultraviolet radiation sources that is the main factor to describe the feasibility of the photo- Fenton treatment, i.e., sun and black light fluorescent lamps, and other relevant variables the process: concentration of reagents, irradiated area and also various reactor configurations to maximize the use of radiation. The organic matter degradation was verified with samples collected during the experimental and analyzed with a total organic carbon analyzer (TOC), which expressed the results in terms of mgC/L. The solar radiation was more effective than radiation from the lamps. It's an important factor for the operation costs cutting. Preliminary experiments applied to oil field produced water treatment have showed satisfactory results, reducing up to 76 % of organic matter

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Incluye Bibliografía

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A Amazônia tem imensos recursos florestais, abrigando um terço das florestas tropicais do mundo. A Amazônia brasileira compreende uma área maior que 5 milhões de km2, o que corresponde a 61 % do território brasileiro. A região norte produz 72,45% da madeira em tora do Brasil, o estado do Pará contribui com 55,47% de acordo com IBMA (2007). A exploração madeireira na Amazônia é caracterizada como “garimpagem florestal”, ou seja, os exploradores entram na floresta selecionam as toras de valor comercial e a retiram. Passando-se certo tempo, eles voltam novamente a essa área e a exploram, esse processo de exploração está acontecendo em um intervalo de tempo cada vez menor. A Amazônia legal abrigava 833 serrarias circulares em 1998. Essas serrarias estavam localizadas principalmente no estuário amazônico (71%) – nos furos e tributários dos rios Amazonas, Xingu, Tocantins e Pará. Essas processadoras familiares consumiram conjuntamente 1,3 milhões de metros cúbicos de madeira em tora (5% da produção da Amazônia). Neste trabalho estimou-se o balanço de carbono em serrarias do estuário do rio Amazonas e foi desenvolvido o ciclo de vida do carbono para uma serraria no estuarino amazônico. Foi identificado que no processo produtivo da comunidade há um caminho bem definido do recurso natural (biomassa/madeira): exploração florestal, transporte de biomassa, transformação (empresas madeireiras) / processos produtivos, geração e utilização de resíduos, transporte de madeira processada, comercialização/mercado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os recursos energéticos através do fluxo (inputs e outputs) da madeira e da energia no processo. Para isso, desenvolveu um modelo que simulou os fluxos de carbono, da madeira e a área afetada pela exploração. Neste trabalho criou-se um modelo específico onde se avaliou o fluxo de carbono para o cenário estudado; a avaliação do impacto ambiental foi alcançada, onde obteve um valor positivo, uma captura de carbono cerca de 55 tCO2/mês, mesmo com a baixa eficiência do sistema produtivo, em torno de 36% conclui-se que o sistema atual de exploração não polui mas poderia ser melhorado a fim de alcançar uma maior eficiência do processo produtivo. Enquanto ao resíduo gerado aproximadamente 64% do volume de madeira que entra na serraria conseguira gerar aproximadamente 1240 kW de energia elétrica mensal.