Sense p��ls a la llengua : ��s abusiu del gerundi. 'Sin pelos en la lengua : uso abusivo del gerundio'.

Se comenta el mal uso del gerundio. En catal��n puede implicar simultaniedad, si se puede expresar de otra manera mediante 'mientras', o expresar c��mo se reliza una acci��n, respondiendo a la pregunta como. Pero la interferencia del castellano del gerudio con valor temporal de acci��n consecutiva a otra, no es correcta en catal��n.

Sense p��ls a la llengua : no molt i no gaire. 'Sin pelos en la lengua : no molt y no gaire'.

Se habla sobre el mal uso de 'molt' y 'gaire' (mucho), ya que 'molt' se deber��a sustituir por 'gaire' en las frases negativas sistem��ticamente, excepto que se quiera poner mucho ��nfasis para remarcar la idea de abundancia.

Sense p��ls a la llengua : justificaci��. 'Sin pelos en la lengua : justificaci��n'.

Es el art��culo n��mero treinta de la serie 'sense p��ls a la llengua', y en ��l, el autor se propone hacer un comentario un poco distinto: en lugar de comentar un aspecto determinado de la normativa, justifica por qu�� considera importante divulgar y tratar de paliar las deficiencias con las que diariamente se usa la lengua.

Sense p��ls a la llengua : les comarques i les prov��ncies. 'Sin pelos en la lengua : las comarcas y las provincias'.

Se critica que los profesionales de los medios de comunicaci��n catalanes, que intentan no utilizar la palabra provincia (por su matiz peyorativo, al provenir de la palabra vincere, remitiendo a la idea de tierra destinada a ser vencida) y que para sustituirla se refieren a las 'comarcas de Lleida' o las 'comarcas de Tarragona'. El autor propone otros t��rminos para referirse a ��reas del territorio catal��n obviando la divisi��n territorial en provincias.

Sense p��ls a la llengua : expressions de lloc sense article. 'Sin pelos en la lengua : expresiones de lugar sin art��culo'.

Se habla sobre ciertas expresiones que se han dejado de usar por contaminaciones provenientes del castellano, y tambi��n sobre la palabra casa, que utilizada con art��culo o sin, tiene significados diferentes.

Sense p��ls a la llengua : a taula!. 'Sin pelos en la lengua : ��a la mesa!'.

Se habla sobre palabras y expresiones relacionadas con las comidas que se usan de manera incorrecta o son castellanismos.

Sense p��ls a la llengua : verbs d'��pats. 'Sin pelos en la lengua : verbos de comidas'.

Se habla sobre el uso incorrecto de los verbos que se refieren a las comidas: esmorzar, dinar, berenar y sopar (desayunar, almorzar, merendar y cenar), ya que siendo verbos intransitivos, por influencia del castellano, se usan err��neamente con complemento directo.

Sense p��ls a la llengua : confusions. 'Sin pelos en la lengua : confusiones'.

Se habla sobre el uso incorrecto del t��rmino bianual, que se utiliza para referirse a algo que ocurre cada dos a��os, mientras el significado del t��rmino es algo que ocurre dos veces al a��o.

Chemotaxonomic relationships in Celastraceae inferred from principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS)

This paper describes a chemotaxonomic analysis of a database of triterpenoid compounds from the Celastraceae family using principal component analysis (PCA). The numbers of occurrences of thirty types of triterpene skeleton in different tribes of the family were used as variables. The study shows that PCA applied to chemical data can contribute to an intrafamilial classification of Celastraceae, once some questionable taxa affinity was observed, from chemotaxonomic inferences about genera and they are in agreement with the phylogeny previously proposed. The inclusion of Hippocrateaceae within Celastraceae is supported by the triterpene chemistry.

Determina����o do teor de diclofenaco s��dico em comprimidos por espectroscopia no infravermelho pr��ximo NIR com calibra����o multivariada PLS

This work is combined with the potential of the technique of near infrared spectroscopy - NIR and chemometrics order to determine the content of diclofenac tablets, without destruction of the sample, to which was used as the reference method, ultraviolet spectroscopy, which is one of the official methods. In the construction of multivariate calibration models has been studied several types of pre-processing of NIR spectral data, such as scatter correction, first derivative. The regression method used in the construction of calibration models is the PLS (partial least squares) using NIR spectroscopic data of a set of 90 tablets were divided into two sets (calibration and prediction). 54 were used in the calibration samples and the prediction was used 36, since the calibration method used was crossvalidation method (full cross-validation) that eliminates the need for a validation set. The evaluation of the models was done by observing the values of correlation coefficient R 2 and RMSEC mean square error (calibration error) and RMSEP (forecast error). As the forecast values estimated for the remaining 36 samples, which the results were consistent with the values obtained by UV spectroscopy

NIRS and iSPA-PLS for predicting total anthocyanin content in jaboticaba fruit

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Corso-laboratorio pls "l'esperimento piu bello": Analisi di un'esperienza di insegnamento/apprendimento della fisica quantistica

In questo elaborato sono stati analizzati i dati raccolti nel Corso-Laboratorio ���L���esperimento pi�� bello���, realizzato nel periodo marzo-aprile 2013 nell'ambito delle attivit�� del Piano Lauree Scientifiche del Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia di Bologna. Il Corso, frequentato da studenti volontari del quinto anno di Liceo Scientifico, era finalizzato ad introdurre concetti di Fisica Quantistica seguendo, come filo conduttore, l���esperimento di interferenza con elettroni singoli e le sue varianti. I principali dati considerati e analizzati riguardano le risposte degli studenti a questionari proposti a fine Corso per avere un riscontro sul tipo di coinvolgimento e sul livello di comprensione raggiunto. L���analisi �� stata condotta con l���obiettivo specifico di valutare come gli studenti si siano posti di fronte ad alcuni approfondimenti formali sviluppati per interpretare gli esperimenti e come abbiano colto i concetti trattati, ritenuti necessari per entrare nel ���nuovo modo di vedere il mondo della quantistica���: il concetto di stato, sovrapposizione, ampiezza di probabilit��, entanglement.

Independent measurement of biogenic silica in sediments by FTIR spectroscopy and PLS regression

We present an independent calibration model for the determination of biogenic silica (BSi) in sediments, developed from analysis of synthetic sediment mixtures and application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) modeling. In contrast to current FTIRS applications for quantifying BSi, this new calibration is independent from conventional wet-chemical techniques and their associated measurement uncertainties. This approach also removes the need for developing internal calibrations between the two methods for individual sediments records. For the independent calibration, we produced six series of different synthetic sediment mixtures using two purified diatom extracts, with one extract mixed with quartz sand, calcite, 60/40 quartz/calcite and two different natural sediments, and a second extract mixed with one of the natural sediments. A total of 306 samples���51 samples per series���yielded BSi contents ranging from 0 to 100 %. The resulting PLSR calibration model between the FTIR spectral information and the defined BSi concentration of the synthetic sediment mixtures exhibits a strong cross-validated correlation ( R2cv = 0.97) and a low root-mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV = 4.7 %). Application of the independent calibration to natural lacustrine and marine sediments yields robust BSi reconstructions. At present, the synthetic mixtures do not include the variation in organic matter that occurs in natural samples, which may explain the somewhat lower prediction accuracy of the calibration model for organic-rich samples.