400 resultados para Oração subordinada substantiva


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Este artigo revisita o texto clássico de Marcel Mauss sobre a oração (1909), invocando um dos seus principais argumentos - o da "centralidade epistemológica" do ato de prece no fenômeno religioso - como pretexto para a análise de processos rituais e doutrinais na chamada Igreja Tokoista, um movimento cristão profético de origem angolana. Fá-lo-ei através da análise da relação entre as categorias a priori desconexas de "oração" e "espaço".

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Partindo da obra de Marcel Mauss, este artigo pretende argumentar que a oração é uma dimensão cerimonial que, para além dos evidentes aspectos teológicos e doutrinários, permite aos sujeitos refletir sobre as condições sociais, políticas e econômicas cotidianas. Tal argumento será explorado a partir de uma etnografia sobre bangladeshis, que vivem entre Portugal e Bangladesh realizada entre 2003 e 2008, na qual procurarei revelar como os discursos e práticas sobre a salat, as cinco orações do calendário islâmico, revelam diversas dimensões da experiência migratória e o lugar de muitos dos meus interlocutores no Portugal contemporâneo. Mais: a oração não é apenas uma forma de revelar a sua experiência, mas também uma prática ritual através da qual determinados segmentos e atores procuram agir sobre o próprio mundo em que vivem.

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Este artigo focaliza o papel que o ritual da oração coletiva de sexta-feira, praticado pelos muçulmanos sunitas do Rio de Janeiro, tem na construção de suas identidades religiosas. Considerando que a ideia de obtenção de conhecimento religioso (textos doutrinais e práticas rituais) da tradição sunita é central nos discursos dos membros dessa comunidade, as várias formas através das quais esse conhecimento é posto em circulação, apropriado e mobilizado via ritual da oração criam distinções cumulativas, que estabelecem diferentes fronteiras, poderes e identidades para os membros da comunidade sunita do Rio de Janeiro, de acordo com suas etnicidades e inserções no Islã (nascidos muçulmanos ou convertidos).

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Estudiar el profesorado público de EGB de la Comunidad de Madrid y dilucidar su carácter de profesión con derecho pleno o de semiprofesión o profesión subordinada.. Se analiza el origen social, el proceso de socialización profesional, el estatuto y práctica docente, su mentalidad profesional, aptitudes y valores mantenidos y el asociacionismo docente.. Los datos se obtienen a partir de una encuesta mediante cuestionario al profesorado, entrevistas a dirigentes sindicales y a maestros y maestras, observación participante en grupos de discusión formados por profesorado de EGB y otro con profesorado de todos los niveles no universitarios.. Estudio sociológico enmarcado en la sociología de las profesiones a través de enfoques funcionalistas, marxistas y neoweberianos. La interpretación de los datos se realiza por medio de relaciones descriptivas..

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Este estudo trata da possibilidade de as empresas produtivas possuírem elementos característicos das organizações substantivas, tendo como perspectiva geral a construção de um ambiente organizacional integrativo, com base na teoria da ação comunicativa, de Jürgen Habermas e na noção de racionalidade substantiva, de Guerreiro Ramos. Apresenta, a partir dos trabalhos de Mary Parker Follett e de Araujo Santos, o conceito de ambiente organizacional integrativo, que sustenta a identidade de interesses entre trabalhadores e empresa e valoriza aspectos como a auto-realização, o autodesenvolvimento e a satisfação do ser humano, confrontando-o com a realidade do ambiente cultural brasileiro e sua influência nas práticas administrativas. Tendo como ponto de partida a pesquisa empreendida por Maurício Serva sobre o fenômeno das organizações substantivas, empreende, através de estudo de caso, um exame no cotidiano organizacional de uma empresa produtiva brasileira do ramo industrial, de modo a investigar a existência da ação racional substantiva nas suas diversas dinâmicas, processos e práticas administrativas, submetendo-a a uma avaliação com base em uma escala de intensidade da racionalidade substantiva e da racionalidade instrumental. Investiga ainda a possibilidade da existência de integração de interesses entre trabalhadores e empresa, caracterizando assim o ambiente organizacional integrativo.

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The present study regards an applied social research (qualitative) performed in two institutions which lead children s cancer treatment in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The main goal of this study is, as of a literature review at works which characterizes the first generations of study about substantive rationality, to detect Decision Making process related aspects that may serve as a basis to elaborate analysis categories from decision making process, aggregating them into a new study that may provide an advance to the theme in administrative science. The academic works based on the analysis model created by Mauricio Serva served as a basis to deep research into such theme, which verifies the predominant rationality in eleven administrative internal processes in productive organizations. This dissertation intends to go beyond the identification of the predominant rationality by elaborating new categories of analysis, and making possible the continuity of the subject in administrative science. Based on Guerreiro Ramos s work, which sees a kind of ideal organization, as known as isonomies, this study still calls upon Karl Polanyi s thoughts, which with the objective of comprehending the independent economic phenomenon of the value that allows considering non-market economies, find that the economy of the men is submerged in his social relations; it also rescues the studies from Max Weber who investigates the meaning of social action to better understand the rationality, and refers to the study of Jürgen Habermas, who proposes a broader conception about rationality, within the theory of communicative action. As a result of this theme s review, seven analysis categories of the decision making process have been formulated. They were applied in the institutions that had been chosen and helped to detect the type of predominant rationality in the categories of the decision making process. The results confirm that, although the decisions making process involves rational elements, such as information, identification of alternatives, there are also specific values of each individual with his experience and view oh the world, permeated not only by instrumental rationality, but also by substantive rationality. The study has verified that two similar institutions may show different types of rationality in the decision making process, when decision factors may tend to instrumental rationality, according to administration classic way, as well as they may emerge from substantive rationality, thus contributing to the process of emancipation of the human being in his sphere of work

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has given special attention to therapeutic procedures other than those practiced in conventional therapy, including homeopathy, phytotherapy, spiritual therapies and prayers, making possible the transition from a mere medicalizating model to a holistic view of the human being. This trend, earmarked in 1978 at the Alma-Ata Conference, questions the ability of technological and specialized medicine to solve the health problems of humankind. In Brazil, the onset of the Brazilian unified health system in 1988, introduced changes in the population s health care model where, within the scope of basic care, emphasis has been given to the Family Health Program since 1994. In this scenery, there is a broad area of complementary practices used in promoting health and preventing and treating diseases to support an understanding of the habits and beliefs underpinning popular practices. The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception users participating in the Peace and Balance group of the Family Health Unit of Nova Cidade, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, started in 1999, have of the relationship between the experience of prayer and the changes that may have taken place in their lives after joining the group. It is a case study of descriptive nature and qualitative approach. The data were collected during focus group interviews between January and February 2007, using as tools a questionnaire to describe the research participants and a discussion outline. The theoretical support approached the following: religion and the evolution of thought; complementary health practices; and religion as a complementary health practice. Those interviewed reported, as results of such experience, a reduction in stress and depression, an increase in socialization and self-esteem, improved family interaction, comfort, safety, assurance, improved blood pressure levels and a decrease in the use of antihypertension medication and psychopharmacs. Although most professionals do not consider attention to the religious and spiritual aspects an effective therapeutical complement in health care, its understanding and practice may democratize knowledge and relationships, out of which they can learn how to make health production more effective, strengthening assurance and confidence, and developing and expanding soft technologies aimed at health care promotion and wholeness

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Focusing on the empirical assessment issue, proposed by Language change theory (cf. cf. WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006; LABOV, [1972] 2008), this research assists to clarifying Portuguese teacher s attitudes in Natal- RN, regarding (a) to proclisis in three specific contexts: in the beginning of a simple/compound sentence (V1), after the subjects (SV), and proclisis after the secondary verb in complex verbal structures (V1V2); (b) to students who use such patterns in usage. Specific contexts were gathered thanks to their representing of the standard variety, as many studies have proven (Martins, 2012; Schei, 2003; Biazzoli, 2010, 2012). The research aims at: (i) verifying by means of a classroom assessment test, whether Portuguese teachers correct proclisis on referred contexts; (ii) identifying, via attitudinal tests what actions teachers take regarding to the usage of standards above mentioned, as well as students as users of those. Twenty Portuguese teachers, picked at random out of different of public schools in Natal-RN, responded to a classroom assessment test in addition to other two attitudinal ones. Results achieved point to a recurring high proclisis correction index of 50% in simple/compound sentences, even though such variety has been implemented to pronominal usage standards in Brazilian Portuguese. This setting of usage was generally assessed negatively, having no commonality between this assessment and the neutral one used by students. Unlike previous setting, the proclisis after subject did not receive any correction of the twenty teachers, what proves coherence with the positive evaluation both the varieties and the students attained. As for the second verb of complex verbal structures, proclisis correction went negative on presenting single results, despite their proximity, with correction indexes of 20% (infinite structures), 10% (present progressive structures) and 25% (participle structures). The assessment on these contexts of proclisis ranged between positive and neutral, also valid for the one students utilized. It means that proclisis in the beginning of simple/compound sentences are yet seemingly spotted in writing school scenario, much likely due to the negative evaluation, opposite to students . Later to subjects and earlier to secondary verbs in structures, proclisis appears to be acknowledged in writing school scenarios, which reflects on teachers assessment as compared to students who use proclisis in these contexts; being in general either positive or neutral

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A ligação de palavras da mesma função pode ser feita apenas por pausa (justaposição), por uma conjunção (conexão simples) ou por uma locução conjuncional correlativa (conexão enfática ou correlação). A correlação é o processo mais enfático de unir elementos de igual função sintática e pode ser aditiva (não só... mas também), alternativa (ou... ou), diferençativa (não tanto... como, senão... ao menos). SENÃO... AO MENOS apresenta o primeiro elemento como mais importante mas irreal, e o segundo como menos importante mas real.

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Há períodos de três orações das quais a segunda, aparentemente introduzida por um pronome relativo, é na verdade uma oração solta, principal da última, que por isso tem duplo valor, geralmente adjetiva e substantiva. Já existiam em latim e sobreviveram nas línguas românicas; em português são conhecidas nos três períodos da língua, mas receberam pouca atenção de nossos gramáticos e professores, que ainda se mostram admirados quando confrontados com uma estrutura tão exótica.

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This paper investigates, in light of the theory of Functional Discourse Grammar (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008), the concessive clause that is not subordinated to other clauses, i.e., it has no semantic or syntactic relations with clauses before or after it, and which we call Independent Concessive. The aim is to describe the discursive properties and the semantic, morphosyntactic and prosodic structure of this type of clause, showing that its relevance is in the construction and organization of discourse. The results indicate that the Independent Concessive works in speech as a parenthesis which interrupts the discursive course and is then highlighted by a special prosodic contour, combined with the presence of Interactive Acts. It is therefore a Move, the highest layer of the Interpersonal Level, the level that relates to the pragmatic aspects of the grammar of a language. The universe of research used is the Iboruna corpus, a database that records a variety of Portuguese from the Northwest of São Paulo.

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This paper aims at investigating the treatment given to relative clauses by elementary school text books, evidencing how the teaching of grammar is proposed in the teacher’s books. As a consequence, this study also intends to discuss important aspects to be considered as far as the teaching of relative clauses is concerned. In order to achieve that objective, five Portuguese text books (approved by the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático-2014) were selected so that the grammar teaching proposals could be analyzed in relation to the definition and to the distinguishing criteria between defining and non-defining relative clauses. Results show that the teaching of relative clauses (as proposed by the teacher’s books) still reflects the postulates of the traditional grammar, based on activities of identification and classification of morphosyntactic units, ignoring the pragmatic and prosodic aspects.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE