Distribution and biological role of the oligopeptide-binding protein (OppA) in Xanthomonas species

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

El desafío de un sistema nacional de cuidados para el Uruguay

Incluye Bibliografía

Stagnant effective thermal conductivity of agro-industrial residues for solid-state fermentation

The stagnant effective thermal conductivities (K0) of sugar cane bagasse (SCB), wheat bran (WB), orange pulp and peel (OPP) and their combination (weight proportion 1:2:2 SCB/OPP/WB) were obtained using the line heat source method. These solid materials were applied to pectinase production via solid-state fermentation. The moisture content ranged from 4 to 80% (w.b.). A conduction mechanism through the porous media was observed, along with conduction through a liquid film and contact thermal resistance between the samples and the probe. K0 was low for intermediate moisture contents and approached the molecular conductivity of water for high moisture contents. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF ORANGE PULP AND PEEL

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

RAMSY: Ratio Analysis of Mass Spectrometry to Improve Compound Identification

The complexity of biological samples poses a major challenge for reliable compound identification in mass spectrometry (MS). The presence of interfering compounds that cause additional peaks in the spectrum can make interpretation and assignment difficult. To overcome this issue, new approaches are needed to reduce complexity and simplify spectral interpretation. Recently, focused on unknown metabolite identification, we presented a new approach, RANSY (ratio analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 7616-7623), which extracts the signals related to the same metabolite based on peak intensity ratios. On the basis of this concept, we present the ratio analysis of mass spectrometry (RAMSY) method, which facilitates improved compound identification in complex MS spectra. RAMSY works on the principle that, under a given set of experimental conditions, the abundance/intensity ratios between the mass fragments from the same metabolite are relatively constant. Therefore, the quotients of average peak ratios and their standard deviations, generated using a small set of MS spectra from the same ion chromatogram, efficiently allow the statistical recovery of the metabolite peaks and facilitate reliable identification. RAMSY was applied to both gas chromatography/MS and liquid chromatography tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) data to demonstrate its utility. The performance of RAMSY is typically better than the results from correlation methods. RAMSY promises to improve unknown metabolite identification for MS users in metabolomics or other fields.

Conservação pós-colheita de melões inteiros e minimamente processados

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Structural properties of beds packed with agro-industrial solid by-products applicable for solid-state fermentation: Experimental data and effects on process performance

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo da combustão do óleo pirolítico de pneus

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Macrofaunal abundance and composition on the West Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf: Evidence for a sediment `food bank` and similarities to deep-sea habitats

To assess the impact and fate of the summer phytoplankton bloom on Antarctic benthos, we evaluated temporal and spatial patterns in macrofaunal abundance and taxonomic composition along a transect crossing the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) continental shelf As part of the FOODBANCS project, we sampled three sites at 550-625 m depths during five cruises occurring in November 1999, February-March 2000, June 2000, October 2000 and March 2001. We used a combination of megacore and box-core samplers to take 81 samples, and collected over 30,000 macrofaunal individuals, one of the largest sampling efforts on the Antarctic shelf to date. Comparison of the two sampling methodologies (box core and megacore) indicates similar macrofaunal densities, but with significant differences in taxonomic composition, a reflection of the different spatial scales of sampling. Macrorfaunal abundances on the WAP shelf were relatively high compared to other Antarctic shelf settings. At two of the three sampling sites, macrofaunal abundance remained constant throughout the year, which is consistent with the presence of a sediment `food bank`. Differences were observed in taxonomic composition at the site closest to the coast (Station A), driven by higher abundances of subsurface-deposit feeders. A significant temporal response was observed in the ampharetid polychaetes at Station A, with an abundance peak in the late fall post-bloom period; this may have resulted from juvenile recruitment during the summer bloom. Familial composition of macrofaunal polychaetes on the WAP shelf is more closely related to deep-sea abyssal fauna than to other shelf regions, and we hypothesize that this is a result of both local ecological conditions (low temperatures) and a reflection of historical processes such as extinctions on the Antarctic shelf during previous glacial maxima followed by recolonization from the deep sea. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gli effetti della terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca in pazienti con fibrillazione atriale permanente sulla sopravvivenza a lungo-termine: l'importanza dell'ablazione del nodo atrio-ventricolare

La terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca (TRC) è un presidio non farmacologico che riduce la mortalità e la morbosità nei pazienti con scompenso refrattario alla terapia medica. La maggior parte dei dati riguardanti gli effetti della TRC coinvolgono i pazienti con le indicazioni consolidate seguenti: classe NYHA III-IV, ritardo della conduzione ventricolare (QRS>opp= 20 msec), disfunzione sistolica ventricolare sinistra (frazione di eiezione ventricolare sinistra >opp= 35%) e ritmo sinusale (RS). Mentre è noto che la fibrillazione atriale permanente (FA) sia presente in una porzione consistente dei pazienti con scompenso cardiaco, vi sono pochi dati riguardanti la sopravvivenza e gli effetti a lungo-termine della TRC in pazienti con scompenso cardiaco e fibrillazione atriale (FA); la maggior parte degli studi sono osservazionali ed hanno dimostrato che la TRC potrebbe conferire dei benefici a corto e medio termine anche in pazienti con FA permanente. Solo recentemente un ampio studio osservazionale ha descritto che, a lungo-termine, la TRC migliora significativamente la capacità funzionale, la frazione di eiezione e induce il rimodellamento inverso del ventricolo sinistro solamente in quei pazienti con FA dove la TRC viene combinata con l’ablazione del nodo atrio-ventricolare (NAV). La strategia ablativa del NAV infatti conferendo una stimolazione completa e costante, permette di eliminare gli effetti del ritmo spontaneo di FA (ritmo irregolare e tendenzialmente tachicardico) cheinterferisce in maniera importante con la stimolazione biventricolare in particolare durante gli sforzi fisici. Sulla base di queste premesse il presente studio si propone di valutare gli effetti a lungo-termine della TRC su pazienti con scompenso cardiaco e FA permanente focalizzando su due aspetti principali: 1) confrontando la sopravvivenza di pazienti con FA permanente rispetto ai pazienti in RS; 2) confrontando la sopravvivenza di pazienti in FA suddivisi secondo la modalità di controllo della frequenza con somministrazione di farmaci antiaritmici (gruppo FA-farm) oppure mediante controllo ablazione del NAV (gruppo FA-abl). Metodi e risultati: Sono presentati i dati di 1303 pazienti sottoposti consecutivamente ad impianto di dispositivo per la TRC e seguiti per un periodo mediano di 24 mesi. Diciotto pazienti sono stati persi durante il follow-up per cui la popolazione dello studio è rappresentata da una popolazione totale di 1295 pazienti di cui 1042 in RS e 243 (19%) in FA permanente. Nei pazienti con FA il controllo della frequenza cardiaca è stato effettuato mediante la somministrazione di farmaci anti-aritmici (gruppo FA-farm: 125 pazienti) oppure mediante ablazione del NAV (FA-abl: 118 pazienti). Rispetto ai pazienti in RS, i pazienti in FA permanente erano significativamente più vecchi, più spesso presentavano eziologia nonischemica, avevano una frazione di eiezione più elevata al preimpianto, una durata del QRS minore e erano più raramente trattati con un defibrillatore. Lungo un follow-up mediano di 24 mesi, 170/1042 pazienti in RS e 39/243 in FA sono deceduti (l’incidenza di mortalità a 1 anno era di 8,4% e 8,9%, rispettivamente). I rapporti di rischio derivanti dall’analisi multivariata con il 95% dell’intervallo di confidenza (HR, 95% CI) erano simili sia per la morte per tutte le cause che per la morte cardiaca (0.9 [0.57-1.42], p=0.64 e 1.00 [0.60-1.66] p=0.99, rispettivamente). Fra i pazienti con FA, il gruppo FA-abl presentava una durata media del QRS minore ed era meno frequentemente trattato con il defibrillatore impiantabile rispetto al gruppo FA-farm. Soli 11/118 pazienti del FA-abl sono deceduti rispetto a 28/125 nel gruppo FA-farm (mortalità cumulativa a 1 anno di 9,3% e 15,2% rispettivamente, p<0.001), con HR, 95% CI per FA-abl vs FA-farm di 0.15 [0.05-0.43],,p<0.001 per la mortalità per tutte le cause, di 0.18 [0.06-0.57], p=0.004 per la mortalità cardiaca, e di 0.09 [0.02-0.42], p<0.002 per la mortalità da scompenso cardiaco. Conclusioni: I pazienti con scompenso cardiaco e FA permanente trattati con la TRC presentano una simile sopravvivenza a lungo-termine di pazienti in RS. Nei pazienti in FA l’ablazione del NAV in aggiunta alla TRC migliora significativamente la sopravvivenza rispetto alla sola TRC; questo effetto è ottenuto primariamente attraverso una riduzione della morte per scompenso cardiaco.

Untersuchungen zur Position der MALDI-TOF Massenspektrometrie in der Analytik von synthetischen Polymeren

Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wird die Anwendung der MALDI-TOF Massenspektrometrie auf annähernd monodisperse und eng verteilte Verbindungen polymerer Gestalt beschrieben. Dazu werden mit Polyphenylendendrimeren, Polybutadien-Sternpolymeren, Propionylethyleniminen und Polyethylmethylsiloxanen weniger gängige Verbindungen ausgewählt, für deren Analyse keine Standardmethodik vorliegt. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass andere Analysemethoden (wie z.B. GPC oder NMR) der MALDI-TOF Massenspektrometrie oftmals deutlich unterlegen sind - in einigen Fällen werden deren Ergebnisse gar widerlegt. In anderen Fällen wird allerdings auch festgestellt, dass diese Methoden die Massenspektrometrie unterstützen oder ergänzen können. Im darauf folgenden Teil werden durch Mischen eng verteilter Polymerstandards breite Verteilung simuliert, um so die Gründe für die Limitierung der Anwendbarkeit der MALDI-TOF Massenspektrometrie auf breite Verteilungen zu ermitteln. Die Problematik der Messung von breiten Verteilungen wird oftmals durch eine vorherige Fraktionierung mit der GPC gelöst. Auch dieses Verfahren wird in dieser Arbeit an Hand von simulierten breiten Verteilungen untersucht und bewertet. Neben qualitativen Untersuchungen mit der MALDI-TOF Massenspektrometrie wird in dieser Arbeit abgeschätzt, inwieweit diese Methode auch zur quantitativen Analyse eingesetzt werden kann. Dazu werden die Untersuchungen von Oligo(para-phenylene) (OPP) und von Cyclodehydrierungsprodukten sehr großer Dendrimere (C385, C474) beschrieben. Dabei stellt sich heraus, das neben der direkten UV-Absorption (im Falle der OPPs) auch die zunehmende Ionisierungswahrscheinlichkeit und die sinkende Desorptionswahrscheinlichkeit mit fortschreitender Cyclodehydrierung eine Quantifizierung problematisch gestalten. In einem abschließenden Kapitel wird der Versuch beschrieben, aus polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (PAHs) durch den Beschuss mit den UV-Strahlen des MALDI-TOF Massenspektrometers Fullerene zu erzeugen. Der Einsatz von NaCl als sogenannte Inertmatrix führt zu vielversprechenden ersten Ergebnissen.

Effect of initial treatment strategy on survival of patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Several treatment strategies are available for adults with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma, but studies assessing two alternative standards of care-increased dose bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPPescalated), and doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD)-were not powered to test differences in overall survival. To guide treatment decisions in this population of patients, we did a systematic review and network meta-analysis to identify the best initial treatment strategy. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline, and conference proceedings for randomised controlled trials published between January, 1980, and June, 2013, that assessed overall survival in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma given BEACOPPbaseline, BEACOPPescalated, BEACOPP variants, ABVD, cyclophosphamide (mechlorethamine), vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (C[M]OPP), hybrid or alternating chemotherapy regimens with ABVD as the backbone (eg, COPP/ABVD, MOPP/ABVD), or doxorubicin, vinblastine, mechlorethamine, vincristine, bleomycin, etoposide, and prednisone combined with radiation therapy (the Stanford V regimen). We assessed studies for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed their quality. We then pooled the data and used a Bayesian random-effects model to combine direct comparisons with indirect evidence. We also reconstructed individual patient survival data from published Kaplan-Meier curves and did standard random-effects Poisson regression. Results are reported relative to ABVD. The primary outcome was overall survival. FINDINGS We screened 2055 records and identified 75 papers covering 14 eligible trials that assessed 11 different regimens in 9993 patients, providing 59 651 patient-years of follow-up. 1189 patients died, and the median follow-up was 5·9 years (IQR 4·9-6·7). Included studies were of high methodological quality, and between-trial heterogeneity was negligible (τ(2)=0·01). Overall survival was highest in patients who received six cycles of BEACOPPescalated (HR 0·38, 95% credibility interval [CrI] 0·20-0·75). Compared with a 5 year survival of 88% for ABVD, the survival benefit for six cycles of BEACOPPescalated is 7% (95% CrI 3-10)-ie, a 5 year survival of 95%. Reconstructed individual survival data showed that, at 5 years, BEACOPPescalated has a 10% (95% CI 3-15) advantage over ABVD in overall survival. INTERPRETATION Six cycles of BEACOPPescalated significantly improves overall survival compared with ABVD and other regimens, and thus we recommend this treatment strategy as standard of care for patients with access to the appropriate supportive care.

Enterococcus faecalis pheromone binding protein, PrgZ, recruits a chromosomal oligopeptide permease system to import sex pheromone cCF10 for induction of conjugation.

Conjugative transfer of the plasmid pCF10 by Enterococcus faecalis donor cells occurs in response to a peptide sex pheromone, cCF10, secreted by recipients. The plasmid-encoded cCF10 binding protein, PrgZ, is similar in sequence to binding proteins (OppAs) encoded by oligopeptide permease (opp) operons. Mutation of prgZ decreased the sensitivity of donor cells to pheromone, whereas inactivation of the chromosomal E. faecalis opp operon abolished response at physiological concentrations of pheromone. Affinity chromatography experiments demonstrated the interaction of the pheromone with several putative intracellular regulatory molecules, including an RNA molecule required for positive regulation of conjugation functions. These data suggest that processing of the pheromone signal involves recruitment of a chromosomal Opp system by PrgZ and that signaling occurs by direct interaction of internalized pheromone with intracellular effectors.

Condition rating survey manual : state system condition rating survey (CRS).

The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT), through the Office of Planning and Programming (OPP), conducts a Condition Rating Survey (CRS) to assess pavement condition on its approximate 16,000 mile state highway system. The CRS is an important tool to assist the Department with its pavement management activities. A CRS value indicates the current condition of a pavement. CRS is a factor in highway program development, provides an opportunity to review the highway network, provides overall condition of the state highway system, gives input into the legislative/budgeting process and allows calculation of pavement needs.

Autonomic dysfunction and systemic oxidative stress associated with glaucomatous optic neuropathy

There were four principal sections to the work: 1. Investigation of ocular and systemic vascular risk factors in POAG. The principal findings of this work were: a). Glaucoma patients exhibit an anticipatory reaction to the physical stress, similar to subjects at risk for cardiovascular diseases; a blunted BP response and a reduction in ONH blood flow in response to cold provocation was also recorded. b). Silent myocardial ischaemic episodes occurred during peaks in systemic BP and HR. c). Independent of a positive history for cardiovascular diseases, patients suffering from POAG demonstrate a blunt circadian rhythm of the ANS. 2. Assessment of the relationship between vascular and systemic vascular risk factors in GON. The principal findings of this work were: a). POAG patients demonstrate a high sympathetic tonus over a 24-h period. b). POAG patients with lower OBF demonstrate both 24-h systemic BP and HRV abnormalities. c). OBF alterations observed in some glaucoma patients could be either primary or secondary to systemic haemodynamic disturbances and not a consequence of ONH damage. 3. Assessment of the level of systemic anti-oxidant defence in POAG patients. The principal finding of this work was: Patients suffering from POAG demonstrated significantly lower GSH and t-GSH levels than normal controls. 4. Investigation of the effect of treatment with latanoprost 0.005% on visual function and OBF. The findings of this work were: a). Treatment with latanoprost 0.005% resulted in a significant decrease in IOP and increase in OPP. VF damage progression has also been stopped. b). Treatment with latanoprost 0.005% resulted in a significant increase in the OBF parameters measured at the ONH and peripapillary retina levels. Finally, the importance of a clear protocol for managing new POAG cases is highlighted and a clinical conduit is proposed.