32 resultados para Numeração


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The present dissertation performs a study about abacus part on the continuous education of Elementary School s Mathematic teachers on what concerns the basic operations of addition and subtraction with (re)unification by using the manipulative and/or informatical abacus. Therefore, the research intends to answer the following question: How does a teacher reframe the pedagogical practice while teaching the Decimal Numeral System and the conventional operations of addition and subtraction with (re)unification through manipulative and informatical abacus? In order to do so, we rely ourselves on the Guy Brousseau s Theory of Didactic Situations (TDS) from 1996 that affirms the necessity to trace a way in accordance with the teaching situations that lead the student s learning; and on the work of Pierre Lévy (1993), in which the poles of communication oral, written and virtual create three ways of communication through which the learning process happens. The methodology of this paper was based on the Strategic Research-Action of Franco (2005). The didactic sequence was elaborated in accordance with TDS and used the manipulative and informatical abacus as didactic resource. With the application of the didactic sequence, it was verified that the continued formation of Elementary School s teachers concerning the operations of addition and subtraction on the initial years/levels is pertinent once it has been observed some difficulties of the teachers concerning this mathematical subject. Besides, the analysis of the didactic sequence has allowed one to realize that teachers had some difficulties concerning the numeric representation with order zero, the resolution of operations of addition and subtraction using the manipulative and informatical abacus and the realization of (re)unification on the subtraction with meaning. These observations has been discussed with the teachers and, after that, it has been done some didactic-methodological routings of the operations of addition and subtraction with re(unification) that contributes with the teaching and learning process.

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Among the many methodological resources that the mathematics teacher can use in the classroom, we can cite the History of Mathematics which has contributed to the development of activities that promotes students curiosity about mathematics and its history. In this regard, the present dissertation aims to translate and analyze, mathematically and historically, the three works of Euler about amicable numbers that were writed during the Eighteenth century with the same title: De numeris amicabilibus. These works, despite being written in 1747 when Euler lived in Berlin, were published in different times and places. The first, published in 1747 in Nova Acta Eruditorum and which received the number E100 in the Eneström index, summarizes the historical context of amicable numbers, mentions the formula 2nxy & 2nz used by his precursors and presents a table containing thirty pairs of amicable numbers. The second work, E152, was published in 1750 in Opuscula varii argument. It is the result of a comprehensive review of Euler s research on amicable numbers which resulted in a catalog containing 61 pairs, a quantity which had never been achieved by any mathematician before Euler. Finally, the third work, E798, which was published in 1849 at the Opera postuma, was probably the first among the three works, to be written by Euler

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As the space and the city are objects of desires, interests, seduction, sedition, appropriations, battles, victories, defeats, require to be analyzed historically. This research investigates and discusses the construction of public spaces in Jardim do Seridó City, backwoods of Rio Rio Grande do Norte, in the first decades of twentieth century, when the municipality was chaired by Heráclio Pires Fernandes, who ruled from 1917 to 1930 and was graduated from the University of Pharmacy of Recife, where he contacted the architectural, political and artistic influences circulating in the capital of Pernambuco. In the first decades of the twentieth century, the space of Jardim earns statements and practices, against the discourse of modernity, which sought to justify the title of Veneza Seridoense . At the time, the city had undergone several transformations in its public spaces through the construction of the Butchery, the Market, the Public Roads connecting the city to other urban centers, the building of the Bridge of the Pedra Lavrada Farm, the Elementary School Antônio de Azevedo , the creation of the Music Band Euterpe Jardinense , the Literary and Recreative Guild, the pavilion, the paving, tree planting, lighting, streets naming and listing of the annual painting of households, the arrival of automobiles, mail and telegraph. The construction of these new sceneries and the arrival of equipments generated impacts in the daily life of the population and were received differentiated ways by individuals involved in the process, which shows the tension between old and new, the relationship between history and space

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Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

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Este trabalho é uma pesquisa narrativa autobiográfica, que expõe a análise das minhas praxeologias, no contexto do meu desenvolvimento profissional, como professor de matemática. O foco da análise recai sobre os diversos conflitos praxeológicos que vivi durante a elaboração e aplicação em sala de aula de uma proposta didática para ensinar operações polinomiais na sétima série (oitavo ano) do ensino fundamental. Com esta pesquisa pretendi responder a seguinte questão: Quais conexões entre aritmética e álgebra determinaram as minhas praxeologias durante a ampliação didática que desenvolvi, para ensinar adição, subtração, multiplicação e divisão de polinômios, na sétima série (oitavo ano) do ensino fundamental? Para analisar as minhas próprias praxeologias a partir da proposta didática que elaborei, assumi a Teoria Antropológica do Didático (TAD) de Yves Chevallard como referencial teórico principal. A análise que fiz das minhas próprias praxeologias envolveu sistema de numeração decimal, operações aritméticas fundamentais, operações polinomiais, tipos de tarefas e técnicas, universo cognitivo e equipamento praxeológico. Os resultados apontam que as minhas relações pessoais com tipos de objetos ostensivos e não ostensivos e tipos de tarefas e técnicas presentes ou não na proposta didática que elaborei, revelam quais praxeologias passadas e presentes compunham os diversos momentos do meu desenvolvimento profissional como professor de matemática. Assim, antes da graduação vivi as praxeologias de professor leigo, durante e após a especialização o meu universo cognitivo passou por conflitos praxeológicos, revelando que as sujeições institucionais conformavam as minhas praxeologias para ensinar as operações polinomiais.

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Este trabalho avaliou a eficiência reprodutiva de vacas mestiças leiteiras submetidas a sistemas de criação com e sem sombreamento, em Bujarú, Pará. Foram utilizadas 54 vacas mestiças leiteiras, em lactação, pluríparas, com bezerro ao pé, distribuídas de modo inteiramente casualizado, em dois grupos experimentais (com sombra – CS e sem sombra – SS), cada grupo com 27 animais. Entre 30 a 35 dias pós-parto, os animais foram submetidos à inseminação artificial, em tempo fixo, as fêmeas que repetiram estro foram inseminadas convencionalmente e após uma semana, repassadas a um touro de fertilidade conhecida. O diagnóstico de prenhez foi realizado aos 60 dias, por palpação retal, após os três serviços. Os animais foram manejados em pastejo rotacionado de Brachiaria brizantha, com água e sal mineral ad libitum. Durante o período experimental, os dados de temperatura ambiente foram registrados, com auxílio de termômetro digital, instalado no microclima de cada piquete, nos grupos experimentais (CS e SS). As variáveis fisiológicas avaliadas, tais como temperatura retal (TR), temperatura da superfície corporal (TSC) e frequência respiratória (FR), foram coletadas uma vez por semana, no período da manhã, com duração de duas horas de coleta. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas, uma vez por semana, através de punção na veia coccígea, e armazenadas em tubos de ensaio de vidro de 10 ml, com anticoagulante Heparina Sódica (5.000UI/5.0ml). Essas amostras de sangue foram centrifugadas, durante sete minutos a 5.000 r.p.m. O plasma obtido foi imediatamente acondicionado em microtubos de polietileno de 2.0 ml, devidamente identificados com a numeração de cada animal e conservados a -20°C, até o momento da análise para aferir os níveis de cortisol. Através da análise de variância foram observadas diferenças significativas (p<0,01) entre os grupos CS e SS para as variáveis fisiológicas TR, FR e TSC, sendo encontrados resultados menores para esses parâmetros estudados nos animais submetidos ao sombreamento. Da mesma forma, houve influência dos tratamentos (p<0,01) nos valores de cortisol, sendo menor no grupo com sombra. Em relação à taxa de prenhez das fêmeas do grupo com sombra em relação ao grupo sem sombra, não houve diferença significativa (p²= 0,1628). Porém, houve diferença estatística (p²= 0,0034) em relação à taxa de prenhez de vacas leiteiras que tiveram o nível de cortisol medido, sendo maior nos animais que apresentaram menor concentração plasmática de cortisol. Na maioria dos resultados não houve correlação entre os parâmetros estudados (variáveis fisiológicas, concentração hormonal de cortisol e temperatura ambiente) de vacas criadas em sistema com e sem sombreamento, em clima Amazônico, à exceção da FR com a concentração de cortisol, sendo encontrada uma correlação positiva média entre esses dois parâmetros no grupo com sombra e a TR apresentou correlação positiva média com a FR e alta com a TSC, e a TSC positiva alta com a FR no grupo sem sombra. Dessa forma, o uso ou não do sombreamento influenciou na eficiência reprodutiva. O não sombreamento interferiu na taxa de prenhez. O sombreamento proporcionou aos animais, manutenção das variáveis fisiológicas mais próximas da normalidade. Assim como, manteve o nível de cortisol das fêmeas do grupo com sombra mais baixo.

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Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

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The aim of this work is presenting the development and the results of a research, which focus of interest has been the making of softwares that could help the process of teaching and learning of the hindu-arabic numerals system, on children in the alphabetical stage. Since the most important presupposes to this work are the development of the number concept according to Jean Piaget (1986-1980) and the reality of the classroom, then three different moments have been fixed: the creation of a beginning scheme of computer activities; the aplication of these activities on children in the alphabetical stage; and, finally, an analysis of the limits and possibilities of these activities while an environment cause of actions that would benefit the process of teaching and learning of the mentioned content. Finally, based on the anlysis of the results obtained, the next step was fixing a more consistant set of computer activities, which makes up a proposal to the use of computer in the process of teaching and learning of the first hindu-arabic numbers

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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No fascículo a numeração de página aparece em ordem decrescente.

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No fascículo a numeração de página aparece em ordem decrescente.

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The discussion involving the identity of social actors has taken place for some years, however, it has become significant for the discourse studies over the last years due to the fragmentation of postmodern actors. Understanding the identity as a symbolic concept that can aid in the detection of certain realities - a kind of mechanism / a magnifying glass (MERLUCCI, 1985) - you can check the linguistic materiality of the introductory text of the lattes resume as a adequate place for the formation of collective identities . The aim of this dissertation is to reflect, in a time of postmodernity, through the lattes introductory curriculum texts, the collective identities of the language researchers are portrayed in discursive and social practices based on the accumulation of cultural and academic capital. For analysis, surrounding the indisciplinary posture in Applied Linguistics (MOITA-LOPES, 2006), the descriptive / interpretive methodology was used (MAGALHÃES, 2001). Whereas the study method and the social theory, as state reasons of the research makes use of the Sociological Approach and Communicational Discourse, chain linked to the assumptions of Critical Discourse Analysis (PEDROSA, 2012a). The corpus is constituted of twenty-seven introductory texts from the lattes curriculum of language researchers, connected to three institutions of higher learning in Sergipe. After the collection, on the lattes platform, and the numbering of the curriculum in order to achieve the research objective, we performed the analysis based on three identity themes: teaching, social belonging (BAJOIT, 2006; DESCHAMPS; MOLINER, 2009) and the accumulation of academic-cultural capital (BOURDIEU, 2004; HEY, 2008). The data show that the texts of the lattes curriculum are based on hegemonic and ideological principals, referring to the accumulation of academic assets, the valuation of actors and the hierarchical positions, recognized and ratified by couples who socialize among themselves Right now, the research allows us to infer that, in postmodernity, some collective identity assumptions, contribute to the understanding of the academic reality, around the the lattes curriculum.