Perceptions of work engagement of nurses in Taiwan

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of work engagement of Taiwanese nurses with 3 specific aims: (1) understand Taiwanese nurses' perceptions of work engagement; (2) explore the factors influencing work engagement, and (3) examine how work engagement impacts nursing care for patients. ^ Design. The study used an ethnographic approach with participant observation and semi-structured interviews with RNs. ^ Setting. The study was conducted in the highest and lowest nurse turnover medical surgical units at a regional teaching hospital in southwestern Taiwan. ^ Sample. Purposive sampling resulted in 28 formal interviews with RNs who provided direct patient care, had at least 3 months experience in nursing, and were full-time employees. ^ Methods. Descriptive data were collected through participant observation in each unit. Observations were made while attending meetings, continuing education sessions, and informal conversations with RNs. Field notes and audio recorded semi-structured interviews were analyzed using qualitative thematic analytic techniques. ^ Findings. Findings revealed perceptions of work engagement spanned four domains: patients ("wholehearted care"), work (positive attitude), self (fulfillment and happiness), and others (relationships with colleagues). Providing "wholehearted care" toward patients was the foundation of work engagement for nurses in Taiwan. Engaged nurses felt fulfilled, happy, and found "meaning" through the process of patient care. The study revealed five factors that influenced work engagement: personal, organizational, social, patient, and professional. The impact of work engagement on nurse and patient outcomes are confirmed. ^ Conclusions. Taiwanese nurses connect work engagement with patients, the job, oneself, and colleagues. "Wholehearted patient care" is the core manifestation of work engagement among these nurses. In contrast, studies in western business only focused on work attitudes. Losing interest and "heart" lead to work routines which can lead to individual unhappiness. Findings from this study validate the multiple factors contributing to work engagement of nurses. Job demands and resources can only partially explain what hinders work engagement. Work disengagement and burnout share some commonality but should be measured differently. An understanding of RNs' perceptions of work engagement may provide direction for strategies that improve work engagement leading to decreased RN turnover. ^

Interventions pour soutenir les infirmières dans l'appropriation de l'évaluation de la condition mentale des adultes avec trouble mental hospitalisés en soins physiques

Travail dirigé présenté en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en sciences infirmières, option expertise-conseil

Interventions pour soutenir les infirmières dans l'appropriation de l'évaluation de la condition mentale des adultes avec trouble mental hospitalisés en soins physiques

Travail dirigé présenté en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en sciences infirmières, option expertise-conseil

Saint Louis medical and surgical journal.

Description based on: Vol. 3, no. 6 (Nov. 1845)

Outcomes following inpatient rehabilitation : a seven year perspective

Introduction: Improving physical and cognitive functioning is a key objective of multi-disciplinary inpatient geriatric rehabilitation. Outcomes relevant to minimum functional ability required for older adults to successfully participate in the community have been reported. However, there has been little investigation reporting outcomes of older inpatients receiving multi-disciplinary rehabilitation being discharged home from geriatric rehabilitation units. This study aims to investigate characteristics and physical and cognitive outcomes of this cohort. Method: The Princess Alexandra Hospital Geriatric and Rehabilitation Unit is the largest rehabilitation unit in Queensland. Multidisciplinary health professionals enter admission and discharge functional and clinical outcomes along with demographic information into a purpose designed database for all patients. Data collected between 2005 and 2011 was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: During the seven-year period, 4120 patients were admitted for rehabilitation; 2126 (52%) were female, mean age of 74 years (Standard Deviation 14). Primary reasons for admission were for reconditioning post medical illness or surgical admission (n = 1285, 31%), and 30% (n = 1233) admitted for orthopaedic reasons. Of these orthopaedic admissions, 6.6% (n = 82) were for elective surgery, and 46% (n = 565) were for fractured neck-of-femurs. 76% (n = 3130) of patients were discharged home, 13% (n = 552) to residential care facilities and 10% (n = 430) were discharged to an alternative hospital setting or passed away during their admission. Mean length of stay was 44 days (SD 39) Preliminary analysis of FIM outcomes shows a mean motor score of 53 (SD = 19) on admission which significantly improved to 71 (SD = 18) by discharge. There was no change on FIM cognitive score (28 (SD7) vs 29 (SD 6). Conclusion: Geriatric patients have significant functional limitations even on discharge from inpatient rehabilitation; though overall cognition is relatively intact. Orthopaedic conditions and general deconditioning from medical/surgical admissions are the main reasons for admission. The majority of people receiving rehabilitation are discharged home.

Clinical factors associated with a Candida albicans Germ Tube Antibody positive test in Intensive Care Unit patients

Background: Poor outcomes of invasive candidiasis (IC) are associated with the difficulty in establishing the microbiological diagnosis at an early stage. New scores and laboratory tests have been developed in order to make an early therapeutic intervention in an attempt to reduce the high mortality associated with invasive fungal infections. Candida albicans IFA IgG has been recently commercialized for germ tube antibody detection (CAGTA). This test provides a rapid and simple diagnosis of IC (84.4% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity). The aim of this study is to identify the patients who could be benefited by the use of CAGTA test in critical care setting. Methods: A prospective, cohort, observational multicentre study was carried out in six medical/surgical Intensive care units (ICU) of tertiary-care Spanish hospitals. Candida albicans Germ Tube Antibody test was performed twice a week if predetermined risk factors were present, and serologically demonstrated candidiasis was considered if the testing serum dilution was >= 1: 160 in at least one sample and no other microbiological evidence of invasive candidiasis was found. Results: Fifty-three critically ill non-neutropenic patients (37.7% post surgery) were included. Twenty-two patients (41.5%) had CAGTA-positive results, none of them with positive blood culture for Candida. Neither corrected colonization index nor antifungal treatment had influence on CAGTA results. This finding could corroborate that the CAGTA may be an important biomarker to distinguish between colonization and infection in these patients. The presence of acute renal failure at the beginning of the study was more frequent in CAGTA-negative patients. Previous surgery was statistically more frequent in CAGTA-positive patients. Conclusions: This study identified previous surgery as the principal clinical factor associated with CAGTA-positive results and emphasises the utility of this promising technique, which was not influenced by high Candida colonization or antifungal treatment. Our results suggest that detection of CAGTA may be important for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in surgical patients admitted in ICU.

Extent and nature of unlicensed and off-label medicine use in hospitalised children in Palestine

Objective of the study: To determine the extent and nature of unlicensed/off-label prescribing patterns in hospitalised children in Palestine. Setting: Four paediatric wards in two public health system hospitals in Palestine [Caritas children’s hospital (Medical and neonatal intensive care units) and Rafidia general hospital (Medical and surgical units)]. Method: A prospective survey of drugs administered to infants and children <18 years old was carried out over a five-week period in the four paediatric wards. Main outcome measure: Drug-licensing status of all prescriptions was determined according to the Palestinian Registered Product List and the Physician’s Desk Reference. Results: Overall, 917 drug prescriptions were administered to 387 children. Of all drug prescriptions, 528 (57.5%) were licensed for use in children; 65 (7.1%) were unlicensed; and 324 (35.3%) were used off-label. Of all children, 49.6% received off-label prescriptions, 10.1% received unlicensed medications and 8.2% received both. Seventy-two percent of off-label drugs and 66% of unlicensed drugs were prescribed for children <2 years. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and infants aged 0–1 years were most likely to receive a greater number of off-label or unlicensed medications (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.03–3.59 and OR 1.99; 95% CI 0.88–3.73, respectively). Conclusion: The present findings confirmed the elevated prevalence of unlicensed and off-label paediatric drugs use in Palestine and strongly support the need to perform well designed clinical studies in children.

Tea tree oil (5%) body wash versus standard care (Johnson's Baby Softwash) to prevent colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in critically ill adults::a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the daily use of 5% tea tree oil (TTO) body wash (Novabac 5% Skin Wash) compared with standard care [Johnson's Baby Softwash (JBS)] had a lower incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization.

PATIENTS: The study setting was two intensive care units (ICUs; mixed medical, surgical and trauma) in Northern Ireland between October 2007 and July 2009. The study population comprised 391 patients who were randomized to JBS or TTO body wash.

METHODS: This was a Phase 2/3, prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled trial. Trial registration: ISRCTN65190967. The primary outcome was new MRSA colonization during ICU stay. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of MRSA bacteraemia and maximum increase in sequential organ failure assessment score.

RESULTS: A total of 445 patients were randomized to the study. After randomization, 54 patients were withdrawn; 30 because of a positive MRSA screen at study entry, 11 due to lack of consent, 11 were inappropriately randomized and 2 had adverse reactions. Thirty-nine (10%) patients developed new MRSA colonization (JBS n?=?22, 11.2%; TTO body wash n?=?17, 8.7%). The difference in percentage colonized (2.5%, 95% CI -?8.95 to 3.94; P?=?0.50) was not significant. The mean maximum increase in sequential organ failure assessment score was not significant (JBS 1.44, SD 1.92; TTO body wash 1.28, SD 1.79; P?=?0.85) and no study patients developed MRSA bacteraemia.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with JBS, TTO body wash cannot be recommended as an effective means of reducing MRSA colonization.

Knowledge and attitudes of Registered Nurses toward pain /

This research provided relevant data to support pain research literature that finds nurses do not have the knowledge base that they require to sufficiently provide effective pain management. The data demonstrated that nurses have mixed attitudes toward pain. These two findings have been observed in the literature for more than 20 years, but were important results for the hospitals and the nurses involved in the study. The purposes of this study were to identify the level of knowledge and attitudes in a sample of nurses fi-om the surgical and medical units in three hospitals, and determine whether a difference between these two groups existed. The institutional resources to support pain relief practices provided by each hospital were also documented. Data were collected using a convenience sample from the medical and surgical units of three hospitals. Ofthe 1 13 nurses who volunteered to participate, 78 worked in surgical units and 35 worked in medical units. Demographic data were collected about the participants. The established instruments used to obtain data about knowledge and attitude included: (a) Nurses Knowledge of Pain Issues Survey, (b)Attitude to Pain Control Scale, and (c) Andrew and Robert Vignette. Data collected were quantitative along with two open-ended questions for a rich, qualitative section. Inadequate knowledge and outdated attitudes were very evident in the responses. Data from the open-ended questions described how nurses assessed pain and the most conmion problems caring for patients in pain. Nursing practice implications for these hospitals involve initiating a process to develop an educational pain program for nurses throughout the hospital. Utilizing findings from other studies, the program should have an interdisciplinary approach to the planning, implementation, evaluation, and ongoing support. This study supports the belief that inadequate pain management has been attributed to many factors, most importantly to a lack of knowledge. Pain is a costly, unnecessary complication for the patient as well as the hospital. It follows then, that it is in the best interest of all involved to implement an educational pain program in order to influence practice.

Évaluation comparative de stratégies visant à augmenter les interventions de courte durée en cessation tabagique auprès du personnel infirmier de milieux hospitaliers

Introduction : Les résultats de recherches ont démontré que la cessation tabagique augmente là où des interventions professionnelles préventives sont appliquées avec constance. On rapporte qu’au Québec, 62 % des infirmières (toutes pratiques confondues) évaluent le statut tabagique de leurs clients et 38 % suggèrent la cessation tabagique. En milieu hospitalier, l’évaluation du statut tabagique diminue à 30 %. Or, le personnel infirmier hospitalier est présent dans les unités de soins 24 heures sur 24, ce qui laisse prévoir une influence potentielle non négligeable dans la décision des patients de cesser de fumer. Objectif : La présente recherche a pour objectif de comparer, avec un groupe contrôle, l’efficacité de stratégies (formation interactive, rappel, multiple) pour augmenter les interventions réalisées en cessation tabagique dans des unités de médecine et de chirurgie. Le choix de ces stratégies repose sur leur efficacité et leur potentiel d’implantation dans d’autres centres. Méthodologie : Un devis expérimental avec randomisation par groupe a été choisi. Le modèle factoriel permet d’évaluer l’effet de chacun des groupes expérimentaux en regard du groupe contrôle. Des mesures préstratégies et poststratégies (à 1 mois et à 3 mois) sont privilégiées. Plusieurs outils permettent de mesurer les effets des stratégies et ce, avec des sources diversifiées (personnel infirmier, patients, dossiers des patients, gestionnaires et responsables des centres d’abandon du tabac). Résultats : Au total, 156 infirmières et infirmières-auxiliaires ont répondu à des questionnaires au temps 1, 78 au temps 2 et 69 au temps 3. Parallèlement au personnel infirmier, 156 patients ont été rejoints au temps 1, 89 au temps 2 et 98 au temps 3. Les résultats démontrent que le personnel infirmier évalue le statut tabagique chez 35,7 % de la clientèle seulement et la motivation à cesser de fumer chez 17,6 % des patients. Au cours de notre recherche, peu d’interventions en cessation tabagique ont été réalisées dans les unités de médecine et de chirurgie; la présence de plusieurs obstacles de même qu’une perception d’inefficacité des interventions de la part du personnel infirmier semblent en être les causes. Les résultats de notre recherche ne nous a pas permis d’appuyer nos hypothèses. Cependant, des analyses complémentaires ont démontré que la stratégie de formation interactive a permis d’augmenter certaines pratiques cliniques à court terme et de diminuer la perception d’obstacles à l’intervention. Le rappel n’a pas fonctionné correctement et n’a pu être évalué. Conclusion : En considérant les résultats modestes des stratégies implantées, la formation interactive a eu un impact à très court terme sur les interventions courtes en cessation tabagique réalisées par le personnel infirmier d’unités de soins en médecine et en chirurgie. Les difficultés rencontrées lors de l’implantation des stratégies ont été expliquées, ce qui permettra une planification plus éclairée de futures recherches dans le domaine.

Morbimortalidad asociada a transfusiones de glóbulos rojos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de Bogotá

Determinar si las transfusiones de glóbulos rojos en niños en cuidados intensivos se asocian a aumento de la morbimortalidad. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de cohorte. Se incluyeron niños con anemia de 1 mes a 18 años de edad en un periodo de 10 meses. Resultados: 134 niños con anemia fueron incluidos. En el 51.5% la anemia se desarrolló posterior a su ingreso. De éstos, 66 niños recibieron una transfusión de glóbulos rojos y la mediana de hemoglobina pretransfusión fue de 7.5 g/dl. El 6% de los pacientes transfundidos presentó una Reacción adversa. Entre el grupo de pacientes expuesto a transfusión y los no expuestos existió diferencia significativa en la hemoglobina de ingreso, cantidad de sangre extraída y edad en el análisis bivariado. Los pacientes transfundidos tuvieron mayor mortalidad (15.2% vs. 2.9%, p =0.013). El desarrollo de falla multiorgánica también fue más frecuente en el grupo transfundido (62.1% vs. 16.2%, p < 0.001). La mediana de los días de estancia en la UCI y el tiempo de ventilación mecánica fue mayor en los niños transfundidos que en los no transfundidos, 8 vs. 4 días p< 0.001, y 6 vs. 3 días p<0.001 respectivamente. Un análisis multivariado mostró asociación de transfusión de glóbulos rojos con mortalidad y falla multiorgánica. Conclusión: Las transfusiones de glóbulos rojos se asocian con un aumento en la Mortalidad y en el desarrollo de falla multiorgánica. La estancia en la UCI y el tiempo de ventilación mecánica fue mayor en los niños transfundidos.

Morbimortalidad asociada a transfusiones de glóbulos rojos. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Clínica Infantil Colsubsidio

Objetivos: Determinar si las transfusiones de glóbulos rojos en niños en cuidados intensivos se asocian a aumento de la morbimortalidad. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de cohorte. Se incluyeron niños con anemia de 1 mes a 18 años de edad en un periodo de 13 meses. Resultados: 156 niños con anemia fueron incluidos. En el 51.5% la anemia se desarrolló posterior a su ingreso. De éstos, 77 niños recibieron una transfusión de glóbulos rojos y la mediana de hemoglobina pretransfusión fue de 7.5 g/dl. El 6.5% de los pacientes transfundidos presentó una Reacción adversa. Entre el grupo de pacientes expuesto a transfusión y los no expuestos existió diferencia significativa en la hemoglobina de ingreso, cantidad de sangre extraída y edad en el análisis bivariado. Los pacientes transfundidos tuvieron mayor mortalidad (12.9% vs. 2.5%, p =0.014). El desarrollo de falla multiorgánica también fue más frecuente en el grupo transfundido (57.1% vs. 13.9%, p < 0.001). La mediana de los días de estancia en la UCI y el tiempo de ventilación mecánica fue mayor en los niños transfundidos que en los no transfundidos, 8 vs. 4 días p< 0.001, y 6 vs. 3 días p<0.001 respectivamente. Un análisis multivariado mostró asociación de transfusión de glóbulos rojos con mortalidad y falla multiorgánica. Conclusión: Las transfusiones de glóbulos rojos se asocian con un aumento en la Mortalidad y en el desarrollo de falla multiorgánica. La estancia en la UCI y el tiempo de ventilación mecánica fue mayor en los niños transfundidos.

Percepción de residentes de medicina de urgencias en Colombia del ambiente educativo en los servicios de urgencias

Introducción: La atención de calidad en urgencias sólo es posible si los médicos han recibido una enseñanza de alta calidad. La escala PHEEM (Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure) es un instrumento válido y fiable, utilizado internacionalmente para medir el entorno educativo, en la formación médica de posgrado. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte trasversal que utilizó la escala PHEEM versión en español para conocer el entorno educativo de los programas de urgencias. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach se calculó para determinar la consistencia interna. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva a nivel global, por categorías e ítems de la escala PHEEM y se compararon resultados por sexo, año de residencia y programa. Resultados: 94 (94%) residentes llenaron el cuestionario. La puntuación media de la escala PHEEM fue 93,91 ± 23,71 (58,1% de la puntuación máxima) que se considera un ambiente educativo más positivo que negativo, pero con margen de mejora. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la percepción del ambiente educativo entre los programas de residencia (p =0,01). El instrumento es altamente confiable (alfa de Cronbach = 0,952). La barrera más frecuente en la enseñanza fue el hacinamiento y la evaluación fue percibida con el propósito de cumplir normas. Discusión: Los resultados de este estudio aportaron evidencia sobre la validez interna de la escala PHEEM en el contexto colombiano. Este estudio demostró cómo la medición del ambiente educativo en una especialidad médico-quirúrgica, con el uso de una herramienta cuantitativa, puede proporcionar información en relación a las fortalezas y debilidades de los programas.

Infecção hospitalar no Centro de Tratamento Intensivo Geral de um hospital escola da Região Sul do Brasil

Objetivos Avaliamos a incidência de infecção hospitalar no CTI clínico-cirúrgico de um hospital escola no sul do Brasil. Foram utilizadas taxas ajustadas para o tempo de permanência dos pacientes e para o tempo de exposição aos procedimentos invasivos. Também investigamos a influência da causa básica de internação (trauma, neurológico e clínico-cirúrgico) nas taxas de infecções. Material e Métodos Os pacientes internados no CTI Clínico-cirúrgico de março a dezembro de 1999, foram prospectivamente seguidos para a detecção de infecção hospitalar. Para o diagnóstico de infecção hospitalar utilizou-se as definições do Centro de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças dos EUA (CDC) e as taxas foram calculadas de acordo com a metodologia NNIS (Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica). Resultados Foram acompanhados 686 pacientes (4201 pacientes-dia). Ocorreram 125 infecções hospitalares, sendo que a incidência global foi de 18,2% ou 29,8 infecções por 1000 pacientes-dia. Os sítios de infecção mais freqüente foram: pneumonia (40%), infecção urinária (24%) e septicemia primária (12,8%). As taxas de infecções hospitalares, associadas aos procedimentos invasivos, foram as seguintes: 32,2 pneumonias por 1000 ventiladores mecânico-dia, 9,7 infecções urinárias por 1000 sondas vesicais-dia e 7 septicemias por 1000 cateteres venosos centrais-dia. A incidência global de infecção nos pacientes com trauma (26,8) e neurológicos (20,7%) foi superior quando comparada com o grupo clínico-cirúrgico (12,2%), p < 0,001. Conclusões Encontramos altas taxas de infecções relacionadas com os procedimentos invasivos neste CTI. A causa básica de internação influenciou as taxas de infecção, sugerindo a necessidade de analisar-se estratificadamente os pacientes em CTI clínico-cirúrgico.

Fatores de risco para mortalidade na lesão renal aguda

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a evolução de pacientes com lesão renal aguda (LRA) por Necrose Tubular Aguda internados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo de coorte retrospectivo, no qual foram avaliados 477 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, no período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2008. LRA foi definida de acordo com os valores de creatinina sérica, conforme proposto pelo Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN). RESULTADOS: A média de idade da população estudada foi de 65,5 ± 16,2 anos, com predomínio de homens (62%) e com idade > 60 anos (65,2%). Diabetes mellitus ocorreu em 61,9%, hipertensão arterial em 44,4% e doença renal crônica em 21,9%. A mortalidade foi de 66%. Após análise multivariada, foram variáveis associadas ao óbito a necessidade de diálise, internação em UTI, idade > 60 anos e menor tempo de acompanhamento nefrológico. A recuperação renal entre os sobreviventes foi de 96,9%. CONCLUSÃO: Este trabalho mostra que a evolução dos pacientes com LRA provenientes de enfermarias clínica e cirúrgica é semelhante à literatura. Porém, a alta mortalidade do grupo mostra a necessidade da identificação de fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de LRA nesses pacientes e capacitação da equipe assistente para o diagnóstico precoce dessa síndrome.