Performance and carcass quality of feedlot- or pasture-finished Nellore heifers according to feeding managements in the postweaning phase

The objective of this study was to evaluate the postweaning history of heifers kept on marandu grass pastures with three canopy heights, in a continuous-grazing system, during the rainy period, on feedlot-or pasture finishing. The effects of three canopy heights (15, 25 and 35 cm) associated with two supplements (mineral salt and protein-energy supplement) and two finishing systems in the dry period (feedlot and open pasture) were studied in the postweaning period during the rainy season. The adopted design was completely randomized, with seven replications (animals) in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The animals which received protein-energy supplement reached the finishing period with greater body weight in relation to those fed mineral salt. In both feedlot and pasture finishing systems, compensatory gain effect was observed in the animals that remained on the low pastures during postweaning compared with the high pastures. This compensatory gain was not verified in the animals that received protein-energy supplement in relation to the mineral salt, and thus the animals were slaughtered beforehand. The heifers on pastures with 25 or 35 cm in height were slaughtered in the same period, and those kept on the low pastures were slaughtered afterwards. The studied factors in the postweaning phase did not affect the carcass characteristics. Animals finished in feedlot slaughtered with the same body weight as those finished on pasture show greater carcass yield, subcutaneous fat deposition and renal pelvic and inguinal fat and greater losses with trimmings for cleaning the main hindquarter meat cuts; however, they provide cuts with the same weight but greater fat cover.

Desempenho de novilhos Nelore confinados alimentados com óleo de linhaça in natura ou protegido

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Uso de cloridrato de zilpaterol em dietas para bovinos nelore confinados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desempenho de bovinos cruzados e parâmetros qualitativos de músculos maturados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Composição da carne de frangos de corte alimentados com biomassa bacteriana

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nová domácí kuchařka pro česko-americké hospodyně, čili, Praktický a spolehlivý návod k nejsnadnějšímu připravování těch nejoblíbenějších, jednoduchých i složitých, českých, amerických a francouzských masitých i postních pokrmu všeho druhu : jakož i ruznych zavařenin, rozličných lahudek a též nápoju, kromě jiných užitečných pokynu a předpisu /

Includes section on napkin folding; cooking glossary of Czech and English language, including English pronuncation with Czech phonetics. Sample recipes: Obyčejná bramborová polévka, Potato soup, Soupe de pommes de terre; Skopová sekanina s vejci, Mutton hash with eggs, Hachis de mouton aux oeufs; Mramorový dort, Marble cake, Gâteau marbre.

Impacto del uso de los sistemas de alimentación a corral como estrategia para el engorde de bovinos para carne

El confinamiento estratégico de los bovinos Argentina es una herramienta muy útil para lograr la terminación de animales destinados al consumo interno y a la exportación. La utilidad de estos encierres consiste permitir un mejor aprovechamiento del forraje y reduciendo la edad a la faena. Para su aplicación es necesario considerar los factores que afectan su resultado económico tales como la característica de las dietas utilizadas, los niveles de consumo y la eficiencia de conversión. Esto interactúa a su vez con el tipo de animal a encerrar. Son dos los sistemas de confinamiento estratégico que van a ser considerados en esta presentación: los corrales de engorde o terminación y los de recría o engorde de los terneros posdete. La actividad del engorde a corral durante los últimos años, ha estado ligada a variaciones operadas en el precio del grano y del tipo de producto logrado. Hay variaciones atribuidas al cambio en las preferencias del consumidor y también al efecto de la concentración de las ventas de carne en determinadas bocas de expendio que exigen uniformidad en la entrega de animales y del tamaño de los cortes. Se comentan entonces algunos aspectos relevantes del engorde a corral americano y de los engordes a corral en Argentina, además de algunos factores que pueden afectar el resultado económico de la actividad. En cuanto al corral de recría, tiene como objetivo la mejora de la ganancia de peso durante esta etapa frente a condiciones de recría a pasto donde pueden existir limitantes en la cantidad y calidad del forraje producido. En esta presentación se hace el comentario y el análisis de los factores a tener en cuenta en los dos tipos de manejo de los animales a corral: los de terminación o engorde final y los de recría o engorde de terneros después del destete. En el primer caso, los efectos del sexo, la edad, la eficiencia de conversión, la raza, el estado nutricional previo, así como factores de la dieta en si mismo. En el segundo caso se analizan sobre todo los distintos tipos de terneros que pueden incorporar al sistema, así como el uso de diferentes dietas. El desarrollo de los encierres de terneros permitió diseñar nuevos sistemas de producción basados en un aumento de la carga, de la ganancia de peso, la modificación del peso final y los posibles cambios en el momento de terminación. En el caso de los corrales de terminación, han sido una herramienta muy útil para lograr la terminación de animales destinados al consumo interno como exportación.

Extended ageing time and temperature effects on quality of sub-primal cuts of boxed beef

[EN]Most of the information indicating ageing improves tenderness has been collected on the loin and rib-eye muscles over relatively short ageing times, assuming that all muscles will react similarly. In the present study, the effect of extended ageing times on instrumental texture (56 d) and sensory characteristics (42 d) of six different beef sub-primals [striploin (SL), inside round (IR), outside round (OR), eye of round (ER), blade eye (BE) and chuck tender (CT)] was studied. The effects of two ageing temperatures (1and 58C) were also compared. In general, ageing increased tenderness (P<0.05) of SL, BE, ER and CT sub-primals, although BE shear force increased after 42 d of ageing. On the other hand, ageing had no effect on IR tenderness (P<0.05) and resulted in a decrease in tenderness of OR (P<0.05) until day 35, with a later increase after 42 d of ageing. Increasing ageing temperature (58C) had limited effect on tenderness, but ageing time and temperature increases led to lower flavour and higher off-flavour intensity (P<0.05) of the studied sub-primals. These results suggest that cutspecific maximum ageing times and rigid adherence to temperature maximums would be of benefit to optimize postslaughter processes and meat quality

Meat yield and quality of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu cattle finished on molasses/maize grain with agro-processing by-products in 90 days feedlot period

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding molasses or maize grain with agro-processing by-products on yield and quality of meat from Tanzania shorthorn zebu (TSZ) cattle. Forty five steers aged 2.5 to 3.0 years with 200 +/- 5.4 kg body weight were allocated into five dietary treatments namely hominy feed with molasses (HFMO), rice polishing with molasses (RPMO), hominy feed with maize meal (HFMM), rice polishing with maize meal (RPMM) and maize meal with molasses (MMMO). Ad libitum amount of each dietary treatment and hay were offered to nine steers for 90 days. Cooking loss (CL) and Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values were determined on M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum aged for 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. Steers fed on HFMO diet had higher (P < 0.05) nutrient intake (86.39 MJ/d energy; 867 g/d CP), weight gain (919 g/d) and half carcass weight (75.8 kg) than those fed other diets. Meat of steers from all diets was tender with average WBSF values of 47.9 N cm^(−2). The CL (22.0 +/- 0.61%) and WBSF (53.4 +/- 0.70 N cm^(−2)) were highest in meat aged for 3 days followed by 6, 9 and 12 days. WBSF values for meat aged for 9 and 12 days from steers fed HFMO and RPMM diets were similar and lower than those on other dietary treatments x aging periods. Overall, molasses and hominy feed can be used to replace maize meal in feedlot finishing diets to spare its use in animal feeds.

Distribution of Taenia saginata metacestodes: a comparison of routine meat inspection and carcase dissection results in experimentally infected calves

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Performance, carcass traits, meat quality and economic analysis of feedlot of young bulls fed oilseeds with and without supplementation of vitamin E

The objective of this research was to evaluate average daily gain (ADG), carcass traits, meat tenderness and profitability of keeping cattle fed different oilseeds and vitamin E in feedlot. A total of 40 Red Norte young bulls with initial average body weight of 339±15 kg were utilized. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted 84 days and experimental diets presented soybeans or cottonseeds as lipid sources associated or not to daily supplementation of 2,500 UI vitamin E per animal. The concentrate:roughage ratio was 60:40. Diets had the same amount of nitrogen (13% CP) and ether extract (6.5%). The data were analyzed by means of statistical software SAS 9.1. Neither vitamin supplementation nor lipid source affected ADG. There was no interaction between lipid source and vitamin supplementation for the variables studied. The inclusion of cottonseed reduced the carcass yield. There was no effect of diets on hot and cold carcass weights or prime cuts. The inclusion of cottonseed reduced the backfat thickness. No effect of experimental diets on the rib-eye area was observed. There was no effect of lipid source or vitamin supplementation on meat tenderness, which was affected, however, by ageing time. Diets with soybeans presented higher cost per animal. The utilization of soybean implied reduction of the gross margin (R$ 59.17 and R$ 60.51 for diets based on soy with and without supplemental vitamin, respectively, vs. R$ 176.42 and R$ 131.79 for diets based on cottonseed). The utilization of cottonseed enables improvement of profitability of feedlot fattening, in spite of negatively affecting some carcass characteristics.

Growth, carcass and meat quality traits of straightbred and crossbred Botucatu rabbits

The objective was to evaluate the effects of genetic group and age on growth, carcass, and meat traits of rabbits. A total of 144 straightbred Botucatu and White German Giant x Botucatu crossbred rabbits were involved. Rabbits were weaned at 35 d and sequentially, slaughtered, four per genetic group x sex combination, at: 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84 and 91 d. A 2x2 factorial arrangement was employed in a completely randomized design with repeated measures for growth traits, and a split-plot for carcass and meat traits. Crossbred rabbits were heavier (2032 vs. 1962 g; P < 0.01), consumed more feed (143.5 vs. 131.0 g/d; P < 0.01), and presented higher slaughter weight (2169 vs. 2093 g, P=0.02) and dressing percentage (59.0 vs. 58.2%; P=0.07) than straightbreds throughout the experiment. No difference between genetic groups was detected for feed conversion and empty gastrointestinal weight corrected for slaughter weight (SW). Crossbreds showed higher skin weight (308.2 vs. 299.7 g, P = 0.06) and distal parts of leg weight (75.7 vs. 71.4 g; P < 0.01), both corrected for SW. No genetic group effect was detected on dissectible fat and hind part weights. Chilled commercial carcass (1284 vs. 1229 g: P=0.02), chilled reference carcass (1036 vs. 1000 g, P=0.06), fore part (297.9 vs. 283.3 g; P=0.01) and loin (308.7 vs. 295.5 g; P=0.05) were heavier in crossbreds than in straightbreds, but these differences were attributed to differences in SW. Uncorrected weights of head, kidneys, liver and thoracic viscera were higher in the crossbred group, but only head (116.6 vs. 113.6 g; P=0.06) and thoracic viscera (30.4 vs. 28.6 g; P=0.01) were, in fact, proportionately heavier in crossbreds than in straightbreds. No effect of genetic group was detected on meat to bone ratio, muscle ultimate pH and chemical composition of the Longissimus dorsi muscle. All traits, except for ash and fat contents of the Longissimus muscle, showed age effects (P < 0.01). Crossbreeding may be recommended for the production of whole commercial carcasses, but it is not clearly advantageous for the production of retail cuts. Slaughter should take place between 63 and 70 d of age for both genetic groups.

Genotype effect on carcass and meat quality of lambs finished in irrigated pastures in the semiarid Northeastern Brazil

The aim of this study was to compare four genetic groups of sheep on the carcass and meat quality traits. Thirty-three contemporary and unrelated male lambs, all of single birth were used in the experiment, being thirteen from the Santa Inês (SI) breed, seven from the Brazilian Somali breed (BS), six from the Morada Nova (MN) breed and seven from the ½ Dorper - ½ Morada Nova (F1) crossbreed. The genotypes SI, BS and F1 presented similar performances in relation to hot and cold carcass weights, which values were 10.76±0.53kg and 10.46±0.52kg for SI, 9.20±0.73kg and 8.99±0.71kg for BS, and 9.35±0.73kg and 9.13±0.71kg for F1, respectively. The BS had a better hot carcass yield (47.10±0.88%) and cold carcass yield (46.00±0.87%). Better carcass conformation was observed in SI and F1 (2.73±0.12 and 2.50±0.17, respectively) while the BS presented a better finishing (3.29±0.20). The average for the rib eye area (REA) was 9.94±0.49cm², 8.66±0.67cm², 7.18±0.72cm² and 9.8±0.67cm², and for the carcass compactness index (CCI) it was 0.17±0.01kg/cm, 0.17±0.01kg/cm, 0.11±0.01kg/cm and 0.16±0,01kg/cm, for SI, SB, MN and F1, respectively. There were no significant differences between SI, BS and F1 regarding REA and CCI. Although, in general, the MN presented a relatively lower performance than the other genotypes, this breed had similar carcass yields and fat thickness when compared to SI and F1 and similar conformation and REA in comparison to the BS. Regarding meat quality, no differences were observed between genotypes, except for redness and cooking losses. It is concluded that no one group had a higher or lower performance in all traits analyzed. Moreover, for the management conditions employed in this study, there was evidence of greater specialization in meat production for genotypes SI, BS and F1 when compared to MN, although there are no substantial differences between the four groups regarding meat quality.

Using Slaughter Weight to Predict Weight and Yield of Primal Cuts of Carcass from Buffaloes

The knowledge of the meat production from different buffalo breeds and their crossings in different feeding systems becomes necessary for the supply of subsidies to whole productive meat chain. Some quantitative carcass traits of Mediterranean buffaloes bulls, finished in feedlot, with initial age of fourteen months and 330 kg live weight, slaughtered with 450, 480, 510 and 540 kg, were evaluated. The diet contained 13% crude protein, 2.68 Mcal digestible energy/kg DM and a roughage : concentrate ratio of 25:75. Regression equations for prediction weight and yield of primal cuts of carcass as a function of slaughter weight were obtained. Carcass dressing percent increased as the slaughter weight increased (49.2; 49.5; 49.7; and 49.9%). The Pistola Style cut weight although increasing linearly in weight (108.2; 117.6; 124.0 and 130.7 kg) as the slaughter weight increased, declined linearly when expressed in relation to cold carcass weight (49.5; 49.0; 48.6 and 48.2%). In this experimental conditions Mediterranean young bulls slaughtered between 450 to 540 kg of live weight showed increasing yields of cold carcass, forequarter and thin flank.