Biopolttoaineiden on-line -laadunmittauksen hyödyt energiantuotannossa

Biopolttoaineet ovat tärkeä energianlähde suomalaisessa energiantuotannossa. Biopoltto- aineille on kuitenkin ominaista laadun vaihtelevuus. Yksi tärkeimmistä laatutekijöistä on kosteus, joka vaikuttaa myös polttoaineen energiasisältöön. Laatutekijät puolestaan vai- kuttavat polttoainekäsittelyyn, polttoprosessiin ja koko laitoksen hyötysuhteeseen. Tämän työn tarkoituksena oli tutkia voisiko biopolttoaineiden online-laadunmittaus tuoda lisäarvoa energiantuotantolaitokselle. Esimerkkinä käytettiin yhtä online-laadunmittaus- sovellusta, InrayFuel-röntgenmittausjärjestelmää. Sillä voidaan seurata biopolttoaineiden kosteutta ja polttoaineen sisältämiä vierasaineita. Työssä on laadittu kustannusanalyysi, jolla pyritään selvittämään, onko nykyisen kertaluontoisen mittausmenetelmän korvaami- nen jatkuvatoimisella kannattavaa. Esimerkkilaitoksena on Etelä-Savon Energian Pur- sialan voimalaitos, jossa röntgenmittausjärjestelmään on testattu. Saatujen tulosten mukaan investoiminen esimerkkimittausjärjestelmään maksaisi itsensä takaisin alle vuodessa. Kun laitoksella pystytään seuraamaan polttoaineen laatua jatkuva- toimisesti, laadunhallinta paranee ja sitä kautta voidaan saavuttaa kustannussäästöjä. Polt- toaineesta johtuvat häiriötilanteet vähenevät, polttoaine on mahdollista optimoida edulli- semmaksi polton kannalta ja poltto-olosuhteita voidaan säätää paremmin, jolloin päästöt vähenevät ja hyötysuhde kasvaa. Työssä käytetty laskenta analysoi kuitenkin hyvin ylei- sellä tasolla, sillä käytössä ei ollut laitoksen omaa taselaskentajärjestelmää. Laskenta siis sisältää paljon oletuksia. Tämän ja rohkaisevien tulosten vuoksi tutkimusta jatkuvatoimi- sen laadunmittauksen hyödyistä kannattaa tehdä enemmän.

Lastensuojelun intensiivinen kotikuntoutus asiakirjojen valossa

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan yhden kaupungin lastensuojelun avohuollossa vuosina 2012–2013 ostopalveluna toteutettuja avoperhekuntoutuksia seuranta-ajan jälkeen. Tutkimusmenetelmänä on perhetyön ja -kuntoutuksen tutkimukseen nojaava teoriaohjaava sisällönanalyysi. Käytän aineistona lastensuojelun asiakassuunnitelmia ja asiakaskertomusmerkintöjä. Aineisto koostuu 25 lasta koskevista asiakirjoista. Tutkimuskysymyksenä on, miten intensiivinen kotikuntoutus edistää asiakkaiden elämänhallintaa ja lasten hyvinvointia. Tutkimusotteeni on arvioiva. Seuranta-aika vaihtelee kolmesta 18 kuukauteen. Perheet ovat ennen kotikuntoutusta käyttäneet sekä peruspalveluita että lastensuojelun tukitoimia. Perheissä on nähtävissä kasautuneita ongelmia sekä vanhemmilla että lapsilla. Tuen tarve perheissä on intensiivinen, 2-4 viikkotapaamista. Kuntoutusjaksot ovat asiakkaiden tarpeisiin räätälöityjä yksilöllisiä kokonaisuuksia. Onnistuneiden kotikuntoutusjaksojen kesto vaihteli kolmesta kuukaudesta vuoteen. Kotikuntoutus lisäsi erityisesti arjen sujuvuutta, arkielämätaitoja ja vakautta perhetilanteisiin. Vanhempia pystyttiin tukemaan lapsia kuntouttavan arjen rakentamisessa erityisesti käytöshäiriöisten lasten kanssa. Kotikuntoutuksia oli käytetty perheissä, joissa oli lisääntynyt huostaanoton uhka. Kuntoutusjaksoja keskeytyi sekä vanhempien sitoutumattomuuteen, lapsen sijoitukseen kesken kotikuntoutusjakson että laitoskuntoutuksen aloittamiseen. Keskeinen huomio kiinnittyy jatkotuen saumattomaan järjestämiseen kotikuntoutusjakson lopuksi. Kotikuntoutuksen hyödyt säilyvät parhaiten, kun jatkossa tarvittava tuki on saatu alkamaan jo kuntoutuksen aikana. Kotikuntoutusta saaneilla perheillä on asiakkuus useissa eri palveluissa. Yhteistyö sekä viranomais- että läheiskontakteihin on tärkeää työskentelyn aikana. Kotikuntoutuksella pystytään vähentämään huostaanoton uhkaa lastensuojeluperheessä, kun vanhemmat ovat työskentelyyn motivoituneita. Kuntoutusjaksojen tulee olla riittävän pitkiä, noin kuusi kuukautta. Kotikuntoutustyöskentely sopii laitoskuntoutuksen jatkoksi tai siihen motivoivaksi jaksoksi, mutta myös itsenäiseksi tukitoimeksi.

Ulkoistettujen IT-palveluiden laatu eri offshoring asteissa

Suomen IT-palvelu markkinoiden voidaan kuvata olevan murroksessa. Asiakkaat ovat yhä kiinnostuneempia ulkomailla tuotetuista palveluista, mutta tietyt tekijät pitävät heidät varuillaan. Tietoa ei ole tarpeeksi sataavilla siitä, miten eri offshoring asteet vaikuttavat palvelun laatuun. Vaikka palvelun laatua ja ulkomailla tuotettuja palveluita on tutkittu paljon, usea tutkimuskysymys on edelleen vastaamatta, terminologia on epämääräistä ja tutkimustulokset ovat epäjohdonmukaisia. Tämä tutkimus keskittyy näiden kahden kentän leikkauspisteeseen. Tutkimuksen tarkoitus on oppia lisää palvelun laadusta eri offshoring asteissa ja samalla kaventaa tutkimusaukkoa. Offshoring asteet voidaan jakaa kolmeen toimitusmalliin: onshore, yhteistyö ja offshore. Tutkimus koostuu kvantitatiivisesta sekä kvalitatiivisesta vaiheesta. Ensin kerättiin numeerista aineistoa tapahtumienhallintajärjestelmästä (incident management system). Ratkaisuaikaa eri tomitusmalleissa analysoitiin Kruskal-Wallis ja Jonckheere-Terpstra testien avulla. Lisäksi palvelutasosopimuksen (SLA) noudattamista eri toimitusmalleissa tutkittiin ristiintaulukoinnilla. Kvantitatiivisen analyysin tulokset viittaavat siihen, että offshore palvelut suoriutuvat muita toimitusmalleja paremmin, kun palvelun laatua tarkastellaan nopeuden ja SLA:n näkökulmasta. Analysoitua dataa varjostavat kuitenkin useat ongelmat, jonka takia tutkimustuloksiin täytyy suhtautua varoen. Kvantitatiivisen analyysin jälkeen tutkimus siirtyi kvalitatiivisen datan keräämiseen ja analysoimiseen. Haasteteltavia oli neljä ja he tulivat erilaisista organisatorisista rooleista ja heillä oli kokemuksia erilaisista toimitusmalleista. Haastattelut kattoivat seuraavat teemat: laatu käsitteenä, laadun subjektiivisuus tai objektiivisuus, offshore toimituksiin kohdistuvat odotukset ja ennakkoluulot, Intiasta toimitettu laatu, offshore resurssien proaktiivisuus, laatuindikaattorit sekä yhteistyössä toimitettujen palveluiden vähäisyys. Useita johtopäätöksiä voidaan vetää empiirisen tutkimuksen perusteella. Ensinnäkin palvelun laatu eri toimitusmalleissa nähtiin kiistanalaisena aiheena. Toisekseen tapa jolla resurssit ja työtehtävät jaettiin yhteistyössä toimitetussa palvelussa, näytti aiheuttavan joitain ongelmia. Toisaalta kokemattomat offshore resurssit osoitettiin näihin palveluihin ja toisaalta heille annetaan vain rutiinitehtäviä. Tämä luo itseään voimistavan kierteen, joka johtaa alhaiseen motivaatioon ja omistajuuteen sekä korkeaan vaihtuvuuteen offshore resurssien keskuudessa. Tämä piirre ei kuitenkaan ole ominainen juuri yhteistyössä toimitetuille palveluille vaan perimmäinen syy piilee tavassa jakaa resurssit ja tehtävät. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa tunnistettiin, että ennakkoluulot vaikuttavat koettuun palvelun laatuun ennakoimattomalla tavalla. Tutkimus myös vahvisti, että kohdeyrityksessä on tarvetta lisäinformation keräämiselle, jotta lisäanalyysejä voidaan tehdä.

Quality of outsourced IT services in different degrees of offshoring

The Finnish IT service market can be described to be at a turning point. The clients are ever more interested on services delivered from offshore but certain issues keep them cautious. There is a lack of knowledge on what implications different degrees of offshoring have on service quality. Although there has been significant amount of research related to both service quality and offshoring, several questions are unanswered, terminology remains ambivalent and research findings are inconsistent. The study focuses on the interception of these two fields. The purpose of the study is to learn more about service quality in different degrees of offshoring. At the same time it aims to contribute in narrowing the research gaps. The degree of offshoring can be divided to three delivery modes: onshore, collaboration and offshore. The study takes a mixed method approach where the quantitative and qualitative phases are executed sequentially. First data was gathered from incident management system. Resolution time in different degrees of offshoring was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests. In addition, the compliance to Service Level Agreement (SLA) in different degrees of offshoring was examined with cross tabulation. The findings from the quantitative analysis suggested that the services with offshore delivery mode perform the best in terms of promptness and SLA compliance. However, several issues were found related to the data and for that reason, the findings should be considered with prudence. After the quantitative analysis, the study moved on to qualitative data collection and analysis. Four semi-structured interviews were held. The interviewees represented different organizational roles and had experiences from different delivery modes. Several themes were covered in the interviews, including: the concept of quality, the subjectivity or objectivity of service quality, expectations and prejudices towards offshore deliveries, quality produced in India, proactiveness of offshore resources, quality indicators and the scarcity of collaborative deliveries. Several conclusions can be made from the empirical research. Firstly, the quality in different delivery modes was found to be controversial topic. Secondly, in the collaborative delivery covered in the study, the way tasks and resources are allocated seem to cause issues. On the other hand inexperienced offshore resources are assigned to the delivery and on the other hand only routine tasks are assigned to the resources. This creates a self-enforcing loop that results in low motivation, low ownership and high employee turnover in offshore. Nevertheless, this issue is not characteristic only to collaborative deliveries but rather allocation of tasks and resources. Moreover, prejudices were identified to affect the perceived service quality in non-predictable way. The research also demonstrated that there is a need in focal company for further data gathering and analysis.

How CSR and stakeholder engagement encourage the development of Industrial symbiosis from the management viewpoint?

The thesis aims to understand how CSR and stakeholder engagement can contribute to the development of industrial symbiosis. Theory suggests that corporate social responsibility and stakeholder engagement theories have many similar aspects that correlate with the development of industrial symbiosis. This study is qualitative and empirical suggestions are derived from integrative analysis of literature, secondary data and case study analysis. The empirical findings from the interviews support the framework that is created from the findings of the literature review. The results discovered throughout the thesis research suggest that CSR functions as a theoretical background for industrial symbiosis and stakeholder engagement helps develop more thorough understandings of it from the management viewpoint. Empirical findings and literature review also suggest that in the developing of industrial symbiosis the key aspect are the social characteristics such as a robust management structure, trust between partners and long-term commitment to the common goals that support the development of these symbioses. Also, communication and transparency supports the development of industrial symbiosis. For managerial contribution, this thesis presents organizational practices that can help managers to understand how they can engage in effective engagement with stakeholders in the development of industrial symbiosis.

Pathogens occuring in the winter pea-maize-winter wheat rotation, their host specificity and the potential of compost in suppressing foot and root disease of peas

The overall aim of the work presented was to evaluate soil health management with a specific focus on soil borne diseases of peas. For that purpose field experiments were carried out from 2009 until 2013 to assess crop performance and pathogen occurrence in the rotation winter pea-maize-winter wheat and if the application of composts can improve system performance. The winter peas were left untreated or inoculated with Phoma medicaginis, in the presence or absence of yard waste compost at rate of 5 t dry matter ha-1. A second application of compost was made to the winter wheat. Fusarium ssp. were isolated and identified from the roots of all three crops and the Ascochyta complex pathogens on peas. Bioassays were conducted under controlled conditions to assess susceptibility of two peas to Fusarium avenaceum, F. solani, P. medicaginis and Didymella pinodes and of nine plant species to F. avenaceum. Also, effects of compost applications and temperature on pea diseases were assessed. Application of composts overall stabilized crop performance but it did not lead to significant yield increases nor did it affect pathogen composition and occurrence. Phoma medicaginis was dominating the pathogen complex on peas. F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. proliferatum, Microdochium nivale, F. crookwellense, F. sambucinum, F. oxysporum, F. avenaceum and F. equiseti were frequently isolated species from maize and winter wheat with no obvious influence of the pre-crop on the Fusarium species composition. The spring pea Santana was considerably more susceptible to the pathogens tested than the winter pea EFB33 in both sterile sand and non-sterilized field soil. F. avenaceum was the most aggressive pathogen, followed by P. medicaginis, D. pinodes, and F. solani. Aggressiveness of all pathogens was greatly reduced in non-sterile field soil. F. avenaceum caused severe symptoms on roots of all nine plant species tested. Especially susceptible were Trifolium repens, T. subterraneum, Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba in addition to peas. Reduction of growing temperatures from 19/16°C day/night to 16/12°C and 13/10°C did not affect the efficacy of compost. It reduced plant growth and slightly increased disease on EFB33 whereas the highest disease severity on Santana was observed at the highest temperature, 19/16°C. Application of 20% v/v of compost reduced disease on peas due to all four pathogens depending on pea variety, pathogen and growing media used. Suppression was also achieved with lower application rate of 3.5% v/v. Tests with γ sterilized compost suggest that the suppression of disease caused by Fusarium spp. is biological in origin, whereas chemical and physical properties of compost are playing an additional role in the suppression of disease caused by D. pinodes and P. medicaginis.

Influencia de la exploración y el almacenamiento de petróleo y gas natural en la relación de las organizaciones con las comunidades

El presente trabajo pretendía investigar y analizar el funcionamiento del mercado de hidrocarburos y gas natural, en busca de determinar la Influencia de la exploración y el almacenamiento de petróleo y gas natural en la relación de las organizaciones con las comunidades. Teniendo en cuenta el concepto de comunidad a partir del marketing relacional donde la comunidad se refiere a los consumidores y el entorno en el cual están inmersos. En este contexto se definieron los principales actores que participan en la relación comercial, el tipo de relación presente entre ellos y todos los factores que intervienen en desarrollo de esta relación que cada vez es más inestable y de corto plazo. Al finalizar esta investigación se reunió información acerca de las relaciones comerciales en el mercado de hidrocarburos, que servirán de fundamento para investigaciones futuras que permitirán plantear alternativas para sobrellevar la incertidumbre de este mercado y de esa manera lograr desarrollar una relación más confiable y duradera entre las organizaciones y las comunidades que intervienen en el proceso comercial. Debido a que aunque existe gran diversidad estrategias que pueden ser implementadas para mantener una relación estable, estas en la mayor parte de los casos no son utilizadas.

Standard level Mathematics: worked solutions CD developed for the IB Diploma.

Este práctico CD-ROM de ejercicios cubre las necesidades básicas para conseguir el Diploma de Bachillerato Internacional en estudios de matemáticas. Los temas de los ejercicios del CD-ROM son: álgebra y números (ecuaciones de segundo grado), lógica y probabilidad, funciones (funciones exponenciales y gráficos), geometría y trigonometría (la regla del seno y el área de un triángulo, la regla del coseno), estadísticas (clasificación de datos, tablas de frecuencia y polígonos), cálculo diferencial (ecuaciones de línea tangentes), matemáticas financieras.

The Use of Literature as an Advanced Technique for Teaching English in the EFL-ESL Classroom. 'El uso de la literatura como técnica avanzada para la enseñanza del inglés como segunda lengua en el aula'.

Monográfico con el título: 'Patrimonio y Educación'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Prebiotic evaluation of cocoa-derived flavanols in healthy humans by using a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention study

BACKGROUND: The absorption of cocoa flavanols in the small intestine is limited, and the majority of the flavanols reach the large intestine where they may be metabolized by resident microbiota. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prebiotic potential of cocoa flavanols in a randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled intervention study. DESIGN: Twenty-two healthy human volunteers were randomly assigned to either a high-cocoa flavanol (HCF) group (494 mg cocoa flavanols/d) or a low-cocoa flavanol (LCF) group (23 mg cocoa flavanols/d) for 4 wk. This was followed by a 4-wk washout period before volunteers crossed to the alternant arm. Fecal samples were recovered before and after each intervention, and bacterial numbers were measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization. A number of other biochemical and physiologic markers were measured. RESULTS: Compared with the consumption of the LCF drink, the daily consumption of the HCF drink for 4 wk significantly increased the bifidobacterial (P < 0.01) and lactobacilli (P < 0.001) populations but significantly decreased clostridia counts (P < 0.001). These microbial changes were paralleled by significant reductions in plasma triacylglycerol (P < 0.05) and C-reactive protein (P < 0.05) concentrations. Furthermore, changes in C-reactive protein concentrations were linked to changes in lactobacilli counts (P < 0.05, R(2) = -0.33 for the model). These in vivo changes were closely paralleled by cocoa flavanol-induced bacterial changes in mixed-batch culture experiments. CONCLUSION: This study shows, for the first time to our knowledge, that consumption of cocoa flavanols can significantly affect the growth of select gut microflora in humans, which suggests the potential prebiotic benefits associated with the dietary inclusion of flavanol-rich foods. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01091922.

Fallstudie - Künstlerische (Selbst) Ausbildung

Group Exhibition, curated by Katharina Schlieben including Johanna Billing, Constanze Böckmann, Henrik Busch, Copenhagen Free University, Alena Drahokoupilová & Karen Weinert, Paul Elsner , Franziska und Sophia Hoffmann, Saskia Holmkvist, Thomas Judisch, Nastasja Keller, Karen Koschnick, Andreja Kulunčić , Lecker & Heiss GbR (Levke Leiss und Karla Helene Hecker), MeineAkademie, Karolin Meunier, Constanze Nowak, Olivia Plender, Marion Porten, Prelom Kolektiv (Jelena Vesić und Radmila Joksimović), REINIGUNGSGESELLSCHAFT, Anna Schimkat, Claudia Schötz, Szuper Gallery, TkH (Walking Theory): Marta Popivoda und Ana Vujanović

A mixture of trans-galactooligosaccharides reduces markers of metabolic syndrome and modulates the fecal microbiota and immune function of overweight adults

Metabolic syndrome is a set of disorders that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiota is altered toward a less beneficial composition in overweight adults and this change can be accompanied by inflammation. Prebiotics such as galactooligosaccharides can positively modify the gut microbiota and immune system; some may also reduce blood lipids. We assessed the effect of a galactooligosaccharide mixture [Bi2 muno (B-GOS)] on markers of metabolic syndrome, gut microbiota, and immune function in 45 overweight adults with $3 risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in a double-blind, randomized, placebo (maltodextrin)-controlled, crossover study (with a 4-wk wash-out period between interventions). Whole blood, saliva, feces, and anthropometric measurements were taken at the beginning, wk 6, and end of each 12-wk intervention period. Predominant groups of fecal bacteria were quantified and full blood count, markers of inflammation and lipid metabolism, insulin, and glucose were measured. B-GOS increased the number of fecal bifidobacteria at the expense of less desirable groups of bacteria. Increases in fecal secretory IgA and decreases in fecal calprotectin, plasma C-reactive protein, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), TG, and the TC:HDL cholesterol ratio were also observed. Administration of B-GOS to overweight adults resulted in positive effects on the composition of the gut microbiota, the immune response, and insulin, TC, and TG concentrations. B-GOSmay be a useful candidate for the enhancement of gastrointestinal health, immune function, and the reduction of metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight adults.

The effect of salmon consumption during pregnancy on maternal and infant faecal microbiota, sIgA and calprotectin

The infant gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of the infant immune and gastrointestinal systems. We investigated whether increased salmon consumption during pregnancy, maternal weight gain during pregnancy or infant mode of feeding alter markers of gut immune defence and inflammation. Women (n = 123) who rarely ate oily fish were randomly assigned to remain on their habitual diet or to consume two 150 g portions of farmed salmon per week from 20 weeks pregnancy until delivery. At 38 weeks gestation the women (n = 75) provided a faecal sample and on days 7, 14, 28 and 84 post-partum, faecal samples were collected from the infants (n = 38). Fluorescence in situ hybridisation was used to determine the composition of the faecal microbiota and ELISA to measure faecal sIgA and calprotectin concentrations. There was no effect of salmon consumption on the faecal microbiota of the mothers or on faecal sIgA and calprotectin concentrations in either mothers or infants. Degree of weight gain influenced the maternal faecal microbiota and mode of infant feeding influenced the infant faecal microbiota. Faecal samples from infants in the salmon group tended to have lower counts of Atopobium cluster compared with those in the control group (P = 0.097). This difference was significant in formula-fed infants (P < 0.05), but not exclusively breast-fed infants. In conclusion, the impact of oily fish consumption during pregnancy on maternal and infant gut microbiota composition is limited, but significant differences were associated with maternal weight gain during pregnancy and infant mode of feeding.

The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism

Increased intake of dietary carbohydrate that is fermented in the colon by the microbiota has been reported to decrease body weight, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here we use in vivo11C-acetate and PET-CT scanning to show that colonic acetate crosses the blood–brain barrier and is taken up by the brain. Intraperitoneal acetate results in appetite suppression and hypothalamic neuronal activation patterning. We also show that acetate administration is associated with activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and changes in the expression profiles of regulatory neuropeptides that favour appetite suppression. Furthermore, we demonstrate through 13C high-resolution magic-angle-spinning that 13C acetate from fermentation of 13C-labelled carbohydrate in the colon increases hypothalamic 13C acetate above baseline levels. Hypothalamic 13C acetate regionally increases the 13C labelling of the glutamate–glutamine and GABA neuroglial cycles, with hypothalamic 13C lactate reaching higher levels than the ‘remaining brain’. These observations suggest that acetate has a direct role in central appetite regulation.

Effects of orange juice formulation on prebiotic functionality using an in vitro colonic model sytem

A three-stage continuous fermentative colonic model system was used to monitor in vitro the effect of different orange juice formulations on prebiotic activity. Three different juices with and without Bimuno, a GOS mixture containing galactooligosaccharides (B-GOS) were assessed in terms of their ability to induce a bifidogenic microbiota. The recipe development was based on incorporating 2.75g B-GOS into a 250 ml serving of juice (65°Brix of concentrate juice). Alongside the production of B-GOS juice, a control juice - orange juice without any additional Bimuno and a positive control juice, containing all the components of Bimuno (glucose, galactose and lactose) in the same relative proportions with the exception of B-GOS were developed. Ion Exchange Chromotography analysis was used to test the maintenance of bimuno components after the production process. Data showed that sterilisation had no significant effect on concentration of B-GOS and simple sugars. The three juice formulations were digested under conditions resembling the gastric and small intestinal environments. Main bacterial groups of the faecal microbiota were evaluated throughout the colonic model study using 16S rRNA-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Potential effects of supplementation of the juices on microbial metabolism were studied measuring short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) using gas chromatography. Furthermore, B-GOS juices showed positive modulations of the microbiota composition and metabolic activity. In particular, numbers of faecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were significantly higher when B-GOS juice was fermented compared to controls. Furthermore, fermentation of B-GOS juice resulted in an increase in Roseburia subcluster and concomitantly increased butyrate production, which is of potential benefit to the host. In conclusion, this study has shown B-GOS within orange juice can have a beneficial effect on the fecal microbiota.